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1.
青藏高原秋里南木湖盐类沉积韵律 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
盐类沉积韵律对研究湖泊环境及气候变迁有重要意义。对青藏高原秋里南木湖发现的芒硝、粘土和原生硼砂的韵律沉积进行了沉积速率和沉积韵律的分析。从物质来源、地貌和气候变化3个方面讨论了韵律形成的机制。在此基础上，利用矿物组成、年代、孢粉资料讨论了沉积物所反映的气候环境变化。结果表明，充足的物源和封闭的地貌环境是沉积韵律形成的物质条件，气候变化是主要外部动力。沉积韵律所反映的气候环境变化为：20.6~20.5 ka BP无芒硝，植被发育，气候相对温暖湿润；20.5~11.4 ka BP芒硝层很厚，植被类型过渡至以蒿为主的荒漠草原，气候干冷。其中，20.5~17.5 ka BP气候极端干旱寒冷，17.5~17.1 ka BP，15.9~15.2 ka BP和14.1~13.4 ka BP气温回升；11.4~10.1 ka BP芒硝层很薄，植物种类丰富，气候显著变暖；10.1~7.5 ka BP芒硝层厚度增加，木本植物花粉进一步降低，盘星藻消失，气候变冷；7.5~4.97 ka BP芒硝层厚度减小，但厚薄不一，植被过渡到以蒿为主的典型草原，气候相对暖湿，但冷暖交替频繁，其中7.0~6.2 ka BP蒿含量下降，湿生植物含量增加，气候冷湿，6.2~5.2 ka BP耐干旱、盐碱植物增加，禾本科消失，湖水盐度增加，气候冷干。 相似文献
2.
云南泸沽湖矿物学沉积记录及其环境辨识意义 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
通过对泸沽湖矿物学沉积记录的精细剖析发现，泸沽湖的物质沉积过程相对稳定，沉积物粒度分布、矿物组成与组合沉积记录在纵向上的变化均具明显的韵律性，矿物结构与化学沉积记录也表现出规律性的变化特点。在泸沽湖上述矿物学沉积记录的典型特征基础上，通过对这些记录的环境标志性特征、环境辨识可适性等的探索性研究，在200，100和50a短时间尺度上，比较准确地重建了泸沽湖区域气候与环境演化的历史谱系，探讨了全球性气候因子对泸沽湖区域气候与环境变迁的控制 相似文献
3.
【意义】第21届国际沉积学大会于2022年8月在北京召开。会议热点主要包括深时气候与环境、构造与火山沉积学、环境与灾害沉积学、生物沉积过程、陆相碎屑沉积体系、海相碎屑沉积体系、海相碳酸盐岩沉积、现代沉积过程、资源沉积学、沉积地球化学和地球科学研究新方法技术。【进展】与往届国际沉积学大会相比,深时气候演化以及中新生代温室效应和极热事件、新生代亚洲—青藏高原气候变化机制及沉积响应、特提斯构造与沉积作用、亚洲大陆边缘源—汇系统与沉积机制、碎屑沉积和生物沉积作用、海盆与湖盆混合沉积过程与时空差异、火山沉积学与灾害沉积学、有机—无机相互作用与碳中和、大数据与人工智能等方面受到广泛关注,深海油气资源及沉积矿床等相关研究得到了快速发展。【结论与展望】国际沉积学大会的前沿动态和热点问题综合分析表明,未来中国沉积学研究应当不断推动沉积地质学由定性描述向定量分析发展,创建具有中国区域地质特色的沉积学理论体系,为确保我国能源资源安全作出地质贡献。 相似文献
4.
杜远生 《沉积与特提斯地质》1995,(3):53-61
造山带沉积地质学是融造山带地层学、沉积学、大地构造学及地球物理、地球化学等为一体的综合性分支学科，被誉为近年来自层序地层学诞生之后，沉积学领域又一次Ｂｅｎｃｈｍａｒｋ式的跃进．本文着重介绍了造山带沉积地质学研究中应坚持以活动论思想为指导，借鉴沉积盆地分析中整体分析、综合分析、背景分析和演化分析的学术思想和工作原理，并结合造山带结构和盆地及古海洋格局，确定造山带沉积地质学研究内容和技术路线、造山带沉积地质学包括造山带区域地层学、区域沉积学、区域构造学、地层层序和沉积演化、古地理和古海洋格局、动力沉积学和动力演化模式等内容和多层次综合研究的技术路线。 相似文献
5.
显生宙沉积旋回会受到地球轨道参数偏心率、地轴斜率和岁差的周期性变化(米兰科维奇旋回)的控制,但目前对前寒武系的相关研究较为薄弱。天津蓟县剖面中元古界洪水庄组-铁岭组为一套潟湖-潮坪相沉积,主要呈砂岩-页岩互层的韵律性产出。为探索这种岩性韵律是否与轨道旋回有关,对其进行了高分辨率的岩性刻画,并以磁化率和伽马能谱数据作为古气候-古环境替代性指标,通过频谱分析等方法进行旋回地层学分析。结果表明各指标均记录了完整的米兰科维奇旋回。铁岭组一段下部由短偏心率、斜率和岁差控制的地层旋回厚度分别为1.2~1.5 m、0.4 m和0.17~0.19 m,其中0.1 m的半岁差周期也较明显;洪水庄组二段顶部由长偏心率、短偏心率、斜率和岁差控制的地层旋回厚度分别为1.1~1.8 m、0.34~0.54 m、0.14~0.16 m和0.08~0.09 m。以识别出的稳定长偏心率周期405 ka旋回对洪水庄组进行了天文年代校准,并估计出当时的短偏心率、斜率以及岁差周期分别为100 ka、22~24 ka和15 ka。在洪水庄组中记录的偏心率振幅变化周期为~2 Ma,比现今~2.4 Ma的周期略短。 相似文献
6.
陆源碎屑与碳酸盐混合沉积是一种沉积机理特殊而又有重要意义的沉积现象。目前陆相地层的混合沉积研究相对薄弱。混合沉积在豫西济源盆地中侏罗统马凹组上段较发育,本文综合应用沉积学、沉积地球化学、古生物地层学方法对其特征及控制因素进行了研究。结果表明,研究区马凹组上段发育泥质灰岩、灰质泥岩和含灰泥岩等多种岩性组成的成分混合沉积和由其夹层或互层组成的结构混合沉积,较干燥炎热气候条件及弱氧化-弱还原的半咸水环境有利于混合沉积发育,混合沉积是古构造、古气候和物源供给共同控制的结果。本研究对于充实沉积机理理论有一定的意义,亦为陆相混合沉积研究提供了一个较好的实例。 相似文献
7.
通过分析时间序列的卫片资料、4 m高的露头剖面的沉积学和元素地球化学特征, 研究钱塘江涌潮河段的滩槽冲淤变化规律、涌潮沉积特征和沉积层序.涌潮河段河道宽浅, 受径流与潮流相互作用强烈, 冲淤频繁且剧烈, 滩槽演替存在约20 a的周期, 与流域年代际洪、枯期转变有关.在滩槽叠置的垂向层序中, 底部为河槽、低潮滩相的厚层块状砂质沉积, 发育各种变形沉积构造, 为典型的涌潮沉积; 顶部为高潮滩相的潮汐韵律沉积, 发育典型的潮汐成因的双黏土层、大小潮周期; 二者之间的中潮滩相呈渐变过渡.C-M图和概率累计曲线可较好地区分涌潮沉积与潮成砂、泥质沉积.涌潮沉积层Si/Al、Zr/Al、Ti/Al等元素比值较高, 而潮汐韵律层Fe/Al、Mn/Al等元素比值较高, 这与它们的赋存方式和水动力分异有关.Si、Zr和Ti主要见于石英和重矿物中, 因此在强水动力沉积层中富集; 而Fe、Mn易被黏土矿物吸附, 在水动力较弱的中高潮滩富集. 相似文献
8.
青藏高原北部可可西里盆地是高原腹地最大的新生代沉积盆地,保存着丰富的古气候变化信息。本文通过对早渐新世雅西措群中下部350m厚沉积的沉积学、旋回地层学、古地磁学和粘土矿物学分析,揭示可可西里地区在早渐新世31.30～30.35Ma期间的气候变化历史。结果表明,可可西里地区在早渐新世气候条件总体上寒冷干旱,可能是受渐新世最早期全球变冷变干气候事件的影响。其中,31.05～30.75 Ma期间气候相对温暖潮湿,构造活动强烈;31.30～31.05和30.75～30.35 Ma期间气候寒冷干旱,构造活动相对较弱。而且,高分辨率古气候变化记录的频谱分析显示偏心率、斜率和岁差天文周期,表明可可西里地区早渐新世气候变化既受构造作用控制,也受地球轨道周期性运动控制。 相似文献
9.
甘肃桦树沟铁铜矿床地球化学及成因 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
甘肃桦树沟铁铜矿地质，同位素地球化学，包裹体地球化学，同位素年代学研究表明，该矿床形成震旦纪裂陷海盆环境，矿床因属典型的热水沉积成矿。 相似文献
10.
莫托萨拉铁锰矿床位于西天山阿吾拉勒成矿带东端,研究程度相对薄弱,在矿床成因方面存在热水沉积、沉积-热液改造、胶体化学沉积等争论。本文详细研究了莫托萨拉最上层锰矿及其围岩的矿物组成、结构构造和地球化学特征,并综合前人资料对整个铁锰矿床的成因做了进一步探讨。本研究首次在矿区发现了热液长石岩,其主要由钠长石、钾长石以及少量重晶石、霓石、锌铁黄长石等矿物组成,类似于"白烟型"热水沉积岩。莫托萨拉最上层锰矿主要由锰橄榄石、褐锰矿、红硅锰矿、磁锰铁矿以及少量重晶石、方铁锰矿等矿物组成,发育有典型的热水内碎屑结构,指示其沉积于海底热液喷流口附近。该层锰矿的Al/(Al+Fe+Mn)值很低(0～0.02)、Si/Al值较高(7.9～10.9)、Fe/Ti值很高(428～1353),通过UCC标准化后发现明显富集Zn、Ba、Pb等元素,而Co、Ni、Cu等元素未见富集,以上地球化学特征与现代海底热液成因铁锰沉积物一致。在Fe/Ti-Al/(Al+Fe+Mn)、Si O2-Al2O3、10×(Co+Ni+Cu)-Fe-Mn、100×(Zr+Ce+Y)-15×(Cu+Ni)-(Fe+Mn)/4等判别图中,莫托萨拉的锰矿层和铁矿层样品均落在海底热液沉积区。锰矿层和铁矿层的稀土元素经PAAS标准化后具有明显的Ce负异常、Eu正异常和Y正异常,与现代海底热液成因铁锰沉积物的稀土配分模式非常相似。综合分析本次研究的矿物学、岩石学、地球化学特征以及前人资料,本文认为莫托萨拉铁锰矿床为海相热水沉积成因,成矿与同期海底火山的间歇性活动密切相关,海底热液的化学组分、温度高低和活动强弱都具有明显的脉动性。莫托萨拉矿区铁锰共存但各自独立成矿,且铁锰分离程度较高,这在显生宙沉积型锰矿中独具特色。鉴于前人曾报道莫托萨拉铁矿石中存在菌藻类微生物化石,我们推测,该矿床的铁锰分离过程除了受控于沉积环境的氧化还原条件变化外,微生物的选择性氧化沉淀可能也发挥了重要作用,值得开展深入研究。 相似文献
11.
河北阳原盆地井儿洼钻孔岩心氧化铁变化的古环境记录 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
系统分析了阳原盆地西部井儿洼钻孔剖面的Fe2O3、FeO、TFe(全铁)、Fe3 /Fe2 的变化特点,探讨了阳原古湖氧化铁地球化学特征及其所记录的气候变迁规律。结果表明,阳原盆地的沉积环境相对富集铁,气候总体较温和,垂向上的变化记录了气候的变化过程分为7个明显的阶段。0.2Ma以前以还原环境为主,以后以氧化环境为主。井儿洼岩心沉积物中全铁谱分析表明,0.78Ma之后,具有显著的21.7ka岁差周期,证明了天文因素对气候的影响,而100ka的周期不明显,这与黄土、深海沉积物的记录存在差别。另外还存在390ka、156ka、52ka、33.9ka及14.4ka等周期,表现了湖泊记录的古气候周期的复杂性。 相似文献
12.
The Maastrichtian chalk of the southern Central Graben, Danish North Sea, is a homogeneous pure white coccolithic chalk mudstone deposited in a deep epeiric shelf sea, which covered large parts of northern Europe. The sediment displays a pronounced cyclicity marked by decimetre‐thick bioturbated beds alternating with slightly thinner non‐bioturbated, mainly laminated beds. The laminated half‐cycles consist of alternating millimetre‐thick, graded, high‐porosity laminae and non‐graded, low‐porosity laminae. The cyclicity has been interpreted previously as caused by periods of slow background sedimentation and bioturbation interrupted by periods of rapid deposition of laminated beds, with the latter reflecting random and local resedimentation processes. Based on textural and structural analysis, the millimetre‐scale, non‐graded laminae are interpreted as having been deposited directly from pelagic rain of pelleted coccoliths representing the primary production. The graded laminae were deposited from small‐volume, low‐density turbidity currents and suspension clouds. The sedimentation rates of the cyclical chalk are similar to those known elsewhere, and the lamination is interpreted as having been preserved from destruction through bioturbation by anoxic conditions at the seafloor. Bioturbated–laminated cycles are thus formed by slow sedimentation during alternating seafloor redox conditions probably on a Milankovitch scale. A direct implication of this interpretation is that the cycles are areally widespread, probably extending throughout the southern Central Graben area and may be useful for correlation and high‐resolution cyclostratigraphy in the chalk fields of the Danish North sea. If the laminated half‐cycles represent a few rapid resedimentation events, with a high sedimentation rate as suggested by most workers, then the sediment would not be truly cyclic, but would represent event sedimentation within a pelagic background represented by the bioturbated beds. In this case, the cycles would have very limited potential for correlation. 相似文献
13.
The Cu-Co-Au deposits of the Idaho Cobalt Belt are in lithostratigraphic zones of the Middle Proterozoic Yellowjacket Formation characterized by distinctive chemical and mineralogical compositions including high concentrations of Fe (15- > 30 wt. percent Fe2O3), Cl (0.1–1.10 wt. percent), and magnetite or biotite (> 50 vol. percent). The Cu-Co-Au deposits of the Blackbird mine are stratabound in Fe-silicate facies rocks that are rich in biotite, Fe, and Cl, but stratigraphically equivalent rocks farther than 10 km from ore deposits have similar compositions. A lower lithostratigraphic zone containing magnetite and small Cu-Co-Au deposits extends for more than 40 km. The Fe-rich strata are probably exhalative units related to mafic volcanism and submarine hot springs, but the origin of the high Cl concentrations is less clear. Former chlorine-rich pore fluids are suggested by the presence of supersaline fluid inclusions, by Cl-rich biotite and scapolite (as much as 1.87 percent Cl in Fe-rich biotite), and by high Cl concentrations in rock samples. Chlorine is enriched in specific strata and in zones characterized by soft-sediment deformation, thus probably was introduced during sedimentation or diagenesis. Unlike some metasedimentary rocks containing scapolite and high Cl, the Yellowjacket Formation lacks evidence for evaporitic strata that could have been a source of Cl. More likely, the Cl reflects a submarine brine that carried Fe, K, and base metals. Strata containing anomalous Fe-K-Cl are considered to be a guide to sub-basins favorable for the occurrence of stratiform base-metal deposits. 相似文献
14.
A. O. Ludwig 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》1994,83(4):799-810
Significant short-term fluctuations are characteristic of geological history since Precambrian times. Only the younger Quaternary climatic fluctuations are known in more detail as a result of a high grade time resolution. Climatic change can also be postulated with respect to older, cold periods during which polar inland ice sheets developed. From a discussion of endogene and exogene interpretations it is shown that global climatic changes, and the sea-level changes induced by them, as well as changes in the position and extent of climatic zones throughout the world provide a control mechanism for sedimentation which is consistent with cyclic sedimentation in Late Palaeozoic times, and also if the basin subsides non-cyclically. The model allows an explanation of the development of the Permo-Carboniferous sedimentary cycles without numerous short-term vertical oscillations of the earth's crust. In reality, exogene and endogene controls on sedimentation act together in great variety of combinations. 相似文献
15.
João Paulo B. Gomes Rodrigo B. Bunevich Sandra N. Tonietto Daisy B. Alves Julice F. Santos Fiona F. Whitaker 《Sedimentology》2020,67(5):2282-2309
Authigenic clays are an important control on reservoir quality in lacustrine carbonates but remain challenging to predict. Lacustrine depositional systems respond to climatic variations in rainfall, surface runoff and groundwater input, and evaporation, and result in rapid and frequent changes in lake volume; this is expressed through changing water depth and shoreline position. In the upper portion of the Early Palaeocene Yacoraite Formation of the Salta Basin in Argentina, extensive lacustrine deposits were deposited during the sag phase of rifting. Prior high-resolution stratigraphic studies have suggested that climatic factors control microbial carbonate sequences within a ‘balanced fill’ lake, with variation in the lake level having a major influence on facies association changes. This study characterizes the evolution of facies and mineralogy within the Yacoraite Formation, focusing on the distribution of clay minerals, making a link between the high, medium and low-frequency sequence stratigraphic cycles. The low-frequency transgressive hemicycle of the upper portion of the Yacoraite Formation is comprised of abundant siliciclastic facies, suggesting a wetter period. Microbialites occurring in this interval are coarse-grained and agglutinated. Detrital clay minerals such as illite and chlorite and associated siliciclastic sediments were input to the lake during high-frequency transgressive periods. During high-frequency regressive hemicycles, sedimentation was dominated by carbonate facies with Ca-rich dolomite and the authigenic clays are comprised of chlorite/smectite mixed-layers. By contrast, the low frequency regressive hemicycle records fine-grained agglutinated microbialite with horizons of fibrous calcite, more stoichiometric dolomite, barite and authigenic magnesian smectite. This indicates elevated ion concentrations in the lake under intense evaporation during an arid period. Understanding the conditions that are favourable for formation and preservation of authigenic clays within the lacustrine environment can improve understanding of reservoir quality in comparable economically important deposits. 相似文献
16.
为深化潟湖相碳酸盐岩储集层非均质性认识,以伊拉克M油田白垩系Mishrif组为例,基于岩心观察、物性分析数据、铸体薄片及压汞实验,对潟湖相储集层特征及成因机理开展研究.结果显示:研究区潟湖环境岩石类型复杂,生物碎屑具有多样性,储集层以低渗、特低渗为主,孔隙度分布范围宽,发育大量的基质微孔、铸模孔和晶间孔.储集层强非均质性是复杂沉积作用和差异成岩作用的结果.潟湖沉积物泥质含量高,发育大量基质微孔,与生物扰动作用相伴生的埋藏白云化作用可形成晶间孔,易溶型生物碎屑被选择性溶蚀形成大量的铸模孔.研究认为:潟湖沉积物原始物性较低,后期成岩作用可改善储集层物性.生物扰动期次、扰动强度、充填物类型、环境的封闭性及外来流体性质等因素控制了潜穴中充填物的改造趋势;生屑类型、成岩序列和成岩环境等影响了沉积物中铸模孔的发育和保存.综合潜穴充填物类型、生屑类型、成岩环境和成岩作用等因素,建立了生物扰动成因孔隙模式和铸模孔发育模式. 相似文献
17.
底栖生物在沉积物表面及其内部留下的各种活动痕迹——生物扰动构造(Bioturbation)具有指示环境的重要意义,这是由于底栖生物的生存和发展与沉积物的性质和沉积作用过程休戚相关,对沉积环境有极大的依赖性。同时,生物又通过其自身的觅食和摄食活动,反过来影响沉积作用过程,并可破坏和改造沉积物的原生构造。因此,这种原地生成的生物扰动构造如能保存在地层中,它们就可以为沉积环境的判别提供可靠的信息。 相似文献
18.
MARIA JENSEN EILIV LARSEN IGOR N. DEMIDOV SVEND FUNDER KURT H. KJæR 《Boreas: An International Journal of Quaternary Research》2006,35(3):521-538
Deposits from a Middle Weichselian transgression, the Mezen Transgression, are found in coastal sections in the Mezen and Chyorskaya Bays, northwestern Russia. The marine event is bracketed between two ice advances from the Barents and Kara Sea shelves and dated by Optically Stimulated Luminescence (OSL) to around 60 kyr BP. The deposits represent a shallowing upward succession from offshore marine to intertidal coastal environments. Relative sea-level maximum was at least 40 m above the present owing to significant isostatic subsidence. The sedimentary record is dominated by shallow-marine, subtidal deposits bounded below by an erosion surface representing a downward shift in facies and above by subaerial exposure. The succession reflects deposition during forced regression due to isostatic uplift. A rapidly aggrading succession of subtidal deposits at one site suggests a relative sea-level rise or stillstand superimposed on the isostatically controlled sea-level fall. The rhythmic tidal deposits allow identification of semi-monthly to yearly cycles, providing an estimate of the sedimentation rate of 39 cm/year. This implies a high sediment yield and a rapid relative sea-level rise. We correlate this signal with the rapid eustatic sea-level rise at the end of OIS 4 known from deep-sea records. 相似文献
19.
为探究陆相扇三角洲前缘沉积生物扰动特征,以辽河拗陷大民屯凹陷沈检5井古近系沙河街组三段扇三角洲前缘沉积岩芯为研究对象,对生物遗迹化石进行了鉴定,统计了垂向剖面上生物扰动层厚度和扰动指数的分布特征。依据主微量元素参数反映的沉积条件,探讨了生物扰动层厚度和扰动指数与沉积环境的响应关系。研究结果表明,沈检5井S34Ⅱ和S34Ⅰ油层组发育生物扰动构造,生物遗迹化石以古藻迹(Palaeophycus)和漫游迹(Planolites)占优势为特征。生物扰动构造主要发育于水下分流间湾微相沉积物中,扰动层厚度在5~51 cm,扰动指数以3~5级为主。主微量元素参数分析表明S34Ⅱ和S34Ⅰ油层组沉积期的古气候、古生产力、古盐度和古水深条件相近,即为相对温湿的古气候、低古生产力、淡水—微咸水盐度条件和浅水沉积环境。沉积环境变化幅度小是造成S34Ⅱ油层组与S34Ⅰ油层组发育的生物扰动层厚度和扰动指数差异不明显的主要原因。但当前研究还难以明确单个油层组内生物扰动层厚度和扰动指数变化的主控因素。该项研究加深了对陆相浅水扇三角洲前缘沉积环境遗迹化石组成和生物扰动指数变化特征的认识。 相似文献
20.
陕西洛川黄土的粒度分维值及其意义 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
对陕西洛川剖面１５８０个黄土样品的粒度数据分析表明,黄土的基本粒级,即在２－５０μｍ的标度范围内,粒度分布具有分形特征。黄土的粒度分维值在２．１６－２．５１之间,平均值为２．３２;而古土壤的粒度分维值在２．２３－２．５１之间,平均值为２．４１;粒芳分维值对黄土与古土壤的形成环境的演变,有良好的指示意义。粒度分雏值显示,250万年以来,东亚季风不断增强,变化周期和变化幅度逐渐变大。在早更新世,季风较弱,变化周期短．变化幅度小,表现为2～4万年的周期;而在晚更新世,季风较强,冬季风和夏季风相互消长,变化周期长且明显,变化幅度大,表现出10万年的变化周期。 相似文献