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从19世纪中叶开始,大地构造理论经历了从地槽—地台说到板块构造说的发展过程。目前,板块构造说虽然仍在盛行,但一个新的大地构造理论——地球系统多圈层构造观(简称多圈层构造观)已在形成中。地槽—地台说,19世纪中叶提出,盛行于20世纪上半叶,是地质学家从理论上研究地壳构造及其演化的开始。地槽—地台说使用的方法是传统的地质学方法;研究领域是大陆地壳,褶皱带(造山带)和克拉通是其研究的核心内容。地槽—地台说大大推动了地质科学的发展,并为地球科学的进一步发展,奠定了良好的基础。板块构造说,起始于20世纪60年代。板块构造使用的方法,除地质学外,加上了地球物理学和地球化学等现代科学和技术手段;研究领域是全球大陆和海洋的岩石圈。板块构造说使大地构造学的研究范围从地球表层扩展到地球内部,从大陆扩展到海洋,极大地推动了地球科学向更高的层次发展。目前,板块构造说虽然仍在盛行,但是不足和缺陷已日益显露出来。地球系统多圈层构造观,孕育于20世纪80年代晚期,目前正在发展中。地球系统多圈层构造观使用的方法更现代化,包括地质学、地球物理学、地球化学以及一切探测地球深部和外层空间的方法、手段;研究领域,已不仅仅是地球表层的地壳或岩石圈,而是地球整体,地球各圈层的相互作用。我们相信,21世纪必将是地球系统多圈层构造观不断发展、不断完善的时代。中国及邻区中、新生代构造演化是全球研究多圈层构造的最理想的切入点之一。我们期待中国地学工作者在新一轮大地构造理论创新中发挥应有的作用。 相似文献
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大地构造学和地球动力学现代问题——从板块构造学到全球动力学 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
６０年代板块构造概念的出现标志着地球科学革命性的进步，３０年来，我们获得的经验表明，现代板块构造在岩石圈和软流圈物性，三种板块运动形式，扩张和俯冲的均衡以及板块运动原因等都与经典板块构造有很大不同，同时，它仍有一些问题和缺陷。世纪交替之时，随着馁地震层析成像等新技术的发展，有可能建立新的全球理论来取代板块构造，新理论应该包括整个固体地球，岩石圈是分层的，而且地球内部的对流准自动地进行。同时，地球层 相似文献
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Ｖ．Ｅ．哈因 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》1996,(4)
６０年代板块构造概念的出现标志着地球科学革命性的进步。３０年来，我们获得的经验表明，现代板块构造在岩石圈和软流圈物性、三种板块运动形式、扩张和俯冲的均衡以及板块运动原因等都与经典板块构造有很大不同。同时，它仍有一些问题和缺陷。世纪交替之时，随着象地震层析成像等新技术的发展，有可能建立新的全球理论来取代板块构造。新理论应该包括整个固体地球，岩石圈是分层的，而且地球内部的对流准自动地进行。同时，地球层圈之间具有相互作用。还应该承认，构造圈（岩石圈＋软流圈，深至４００ｋｍ）中以板块构造为主，而在软流圈之下地幔柱构造起控制作用。在所有的上部层圈能够探测到抬升或下降过程中热—物质流之间的补偿。整个地球历史中，地球和其层圈的内生过程，包括板块构造和地幔柱构造相互作用的变化，具有旋回性和方向性。由此，地球体积呈脉动性变化是必然的。此外，还必须考虑宇宙因素对地球动力学的影响 相似文献
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近十余年来,一种新的大地构造假说--岩石圈板块构造说,正在中外地学界广泛地流行着,激起了许多地质学和地球物理学工作者的强烈兴趣。一些学者运用这个假说已经解答了存在于地球科学方面长期以来所遗留下的不少难题。目前,板块构造假说正以空前旺盛的活力在向前发展并日臻完善起来。 相似文献
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对板块构造的一些不同认识 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《中国地质》1993,(7):31-32
我在学校听老师说:“当代板块构造学说的兴起,是地球科学的一次重大革命,地学中的分支学科几乎都在根据板块构造理论进行修改补充.”但读了贵刊1992年7期夏之秋 相似文献
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当代地球科学发展的新需求与板块构造对大陆地质的深化研究,使大陆问题成为21世纪地学发展的前沿研究领域、热点和关键。文中在提出“大陆动力学”研究20多年后的今天,进行关于大陆研究的新思考,从讨论厘定大陆研究的有关争议概念、大陆的基本问题、中国大陆构造的典型实例以及与世界同类范例的简要对比出发,综合概括了大陆地质与大陆构造和大陆动力学研究的关键科学问题与进一步探索研究的思考课题。提出了在大陆研究中,在进一步精确深化板块构造对大陆的研究的同时,应突出加强大陆构造中有无非板块构造动力及其远程效应的大陆内的、在深部动力学与陆块间差异非均衡背景下由陆内陆块间相互作用导致的真正陆内构造及其动力学问题的研究,以便为深化发展板块构造、认知大陆、探索大陆动力学、构建包括板块构造在内新的行星地球构造观作出努力与探索。 相似文献
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中国幅员辽阔,地质结构、地质环境、地质资源、地质工程、地质景观、地质遗迹、地质文化丰富多彩。这样一个大国的地质调查工作,任务十分艰巨,需要一代代人连续不断地把工作做下去,与时俱进地逐步深入和完善。20世纪地球科学的发展引人瞩目,板块构造理论、模型概念建立和计算机应用是3个有代表性的重大成就。地球科学的全球化、系统化、整体化和地球系统科学的建立是其发展进入新阶段的标志。地球科学的定量化、数字化、信息化、网络化和数字地球的提出,将成为21世纪认识地球的新方式,而更明显的是在地球科学理论指导下。中国地质调查工作在… 相似文献
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新疆及周边古地磁研究与构造演化 总被引：20，自引：3，他引：17
新疆古地磁研究始于1979年,20年来通过对塔里木、准噶尔、昆仑山等地区的古地磁研究,获得了古生代—新生代塔里木板块、准噶尔板块和青藏板块古地磁极移曲线和古纬度资料。震旦纪以前塔里木板块尚未形成,晚震旦世在赤道附近各地块才联合成塔里木板块的主体部分。后经历了两次快速北移,一次快速南移。准噶尔板块早古生代为一个独立的微板块,在晚古生代与哈萨克斯坦板块联合成一体,组成了哈萨克斯坦-准噶尔板块;塔里木板块震旦纪时还属冈瓦纳大陆的一个组成部分,早古生代逐渐脱离了冈瓦纳大陆,快速向北漂移,晚古生代早期与准噶尔板块首次在东部碰撞,成为劳亚大陆南缘的一个增生体。将介于劳亚大陆和冈瓦纳大陆之间的古陆体,称之谓华夏古陆群。晚古生代末—中生代早期,华夏古陆群先后增生到劳亚大陆南缘;早古生代早期古特提斯洋尚未形成,诸地块处于冈瓦纳大陆范围内,位于南半球的赤道附近。在中-晚志留世,这些地(板)块才快速向北漂移,由于洋扩张,形成了古特提斯洋,构成了三大陆块群夹两个大洋的古地理格局;二叠纪是特提斯构造演化关键时期,晚侏罗-早白垩世昆仑地块与柴达木地块和塔里木地块发生碰撞,联合成一体。早侏罗世早期柴达木地块等与塔里木地块发生碰撞联合,造成了古特提斯洋消亡。早侏罗世中期,开 相似文献
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中朝地块与扬子地块在古生代晚期是太平洋古陆的一部分 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
<正> 目前有愈来愈多的证据表明在环太平洋周边地区存在大小不同的地块,有人研究发现这些地块在古生代晚期—早中生代时,均处于赤道附近的低纬度地带。笔者与马醒华于1980—1981年期间曾同澳大利亚学者合作,共同对中朝地块的山西太原地区及扬子地块的四川峨眉山地区的晚古生代—早中生代的古地磁进行研究。结果表明两地块在二叠纪晚期也是处于赤道附近的低纬度地带,从而在环太平洋的周边又找到一个太平洋古陆碎块的证据。 相似文献
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Palaeozoic and Mesozoic tectonic evolution and palaeogeography of East Asian crustal fragments: The Korean Peninsula in context 总被引：38，自引：2，他引：38
I. Metcalfe 《Gondwana Research》2006,9(1-2):24
East and Southeast Asia comprises a complex assembly of allochthonous continental lithospheric crustal fragments (terranes) together with volcanic arcs, and other terranes of oceanic and accretionary complex origins located at the zone of convergence between the Eurasian, Indo-Australian and Pacific Plates. The former wide separation of Asian terranes is indicated by contrasting faunas and floras developed on adjacent terranes due to their prior geographic separation, different palaeoclimates, and biogeographic isolation. The boundaries between Asian terranes are marked by major geological discontinuities (suture zones) that represent former ocean basins that once separated them. In some cases, the ocean basins have been completely destroyed, and terrane boundaries are marked by major fault zones. In other cases, remnants of the ocean basins and of subduction/accretion complexes remain and provide valuable information on the tectonic history of the terranes, the oceans that once separated them, and timings of amalgamation and accretion. The various allochthonous crustal fragments of East Asia have been brought into close juxtaposition by geological convergent plate tectonic processes. The Gondwana-derived East Asia crustal fragments successively rifted and separated from the margin of eastern Gondwana as three elongate continental slivers in the Devonian, Early Permian and Late Triassic–Late Jurassic. As these three continental slivers separated from Gondwana, three successive ocean basins, the Palaeo-Tethys,. Meso-Tethys and Ceno-Tethys, opened between these and Gondwana. Asian terranes progressively sutured to one another during the Palaeozoic to Cenozoic. South China and Indochina probably amalgamated in the Early Carboniferous but alternative scenarios with collision in the Permo–Triassic have been suggested. The Tarim terrane accreted to Eurasia in the Early Permian. The Sibumasu and Qiangtang terranes collided and sutured with Simao/Indochina/East Malaya in the Early–Middle Triassic and the West Sumatra terrane was transported westwards to a position outboard of Sibumasu during this collisional process. The Permo–Triassic also saw the progressive collision between South and North China (with possible extension of this collision being recognised in the Korean Peninsula) culminating in the Late Triassic. North China did not finally weld to Asia until the Late Jurassic. The Lhasa and West Burma terranes accreted to Eurasia in the Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous and proto East and Southeast Asia had formed. Palaeogeographic reconstructions illustrating the evolution and assembly of Asian crustal fragments during the Phanerozoic are presented. 相似文献
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During Late Palaeozoic time a wide ocean, known as Palaeotethys, separated the future Eurasian and African continents. This ocean closed in Europe in the west during the Variscan orogeny, whereas in Asia further east it remained open and evolved into the Mesozoic Tethys, only finally closing during Late Cretaceous–Early Cenozoic.Three Upper Palaeozoic lithological assemblages, the Chios Melange (on the Aegean Greek island), the Karaburun Melange (westernmost Aegean Turkey) and the Teke Dere Unit (Lycian Nappes, SW Turkey) provide critical information concerning sedimentary and tectonic processes during closure of Palaeotethys. The Chios and Karaburun melanges in the west are mainly terrigenous turbidites with blocks and dismembered sheets of Silurian–Upper Carboniferous platform carbonate rocks (shallow-water and slope facies) and poorly dated volcanic rocks. The Teke Dere Unit to the southeast begins with alkaline, within-plate-type volcanics, depositionally overlain by Upper Carboniferous shallow-water carbonates. This intact succession is overlain by a tectonic slice complex comprising sandstone turbidites that are intersliced with shallow-water, slope and deep-sea sediments (locally dated as Early Carboniferous). Sandstone petrography and published detrital mineral dating imply derivation from units affected by the Panafrican (Cadomian) and Variscan orogenies.All three units are interpreted as parts of subduction complexes in which pervasive shear zones separate component parts. Silurian–Lower Carboniferous black cherts (lydites) and slope carbonates accreted in a subduction trench where sandstone turbidites accumulated. Some blocks retain primary depositional contacts, showing that gravitational processes contributed to formation of the melange. Detached blocks of Upper Palaeozoic shallow-water carbonates (e.g. Chios) are commonly mantled by conglomerates, which include water-worn clasts of black chert. The carbonate blocks are restored as one, or several, carbonate platforms that collided with an active margin, fragmenting into elongate blocks that slid into a subduction trench. This material was tectonically accreted at shallow levels within a subduction complex, resulting in layer-parallel extension, shearing and slicing. The accretion mainly took place during Late Carboniferous time.Alternative sedimentary-tectonic models are considered in which the timing and extent of closure of Palaeotethys differ, and in which subduction was either northwards towards Eurasia, or southwards towards Gondwana (or both). Terrane displacement is also an option. A similar (but metamorphosed) accretionary unit, the Konya Complex, occurs hundreds of kilometres further east. All of these units appear to have been assembled along the northern margin of Gondwana by Permian time, followed by deposition of overlying Tauride-type carbonate platforms. Northward subduction of Palaeotethys beneath Eurasia is commonly proposed. However, the accretionary units studied here are more easily explained by southward subduction towards Gondwana. Palaeotethys was possibly consumed by long-lived (Late Palaeozoic) northward subduction beneath Eurasia, coupled with more short-lived (Late Carboniferous) southward subduction near Gondwana, during or soon after closure of Palaeotethys in the Balkan region to the west. 相似文献
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<正> 几年前,多数中国地质学家还认为对冈瓦纳研究与中国地质关系不大。虽然新疆早有冈瓦纳型二、三叠纪二齿兽类的发现,人们也只在寻找南、北大陆间的“陆桥”上思考。七十年代中期,北喜马拉雅发现了晚古生代冰海沉积和Stepanoviella冷水生物群以及舌羊齿植物群,这就成了中国冈瓦纳研究的真正开端。但此后许多人仍然认为,在中国只有藏南一隅属于冈瓦纳大陆,雅鲁藏布江—印度河则是南、北大陆的分界。通过近几年中国地质学家以及与法国地质学家的合作研究,发现青藏高原中、北部(拉萨、羌塘地区)与东部(滇西),仍有同时代冰 相似文献
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越来越多的事实表明,印度板块曾经连续两次撞击了欧亚板块。第一次发生在近200Ma前,通过印度板块将冈
瓦纳大陆上的恐龙动物群带到了亚洲,使中国首次出现了早侏罗世恐龙。确切地说,中国恐龙起源于印度板块的第一
次撞击。侏罗纪之后,印度板块又被引发起顺时针转动,在其东部出现了与泰国之间的断裂,并最终孕育着孟加拉湾
的形成,为第二次撞击拉开了序幕。55Ma前印度板块再次撞向欧亚板块的西藏地区,造就了喜马拉雅山。 相似文献
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Revision of crustal architecture and evolution of the Central Asian Orogenic Supercollage (CAOS) between the breakup of Rodinia and assembly of Pangea shows that its internal pattern cannot be explained via a split of metamorphic terranes from and formation of juvenile magmatic arcs near the East European and Siberian cratons, followed by zone-parallel complex duplication and oroclinal bending of just one or two magmatic arcs/subduction zones against the rotating cratons. Also, it cannot be explained by breakup of multiple cratonic terranes and associated magmatic arcs from Gondwana and their drift across the Paleoasian Ocean towards Siberia. Instead, remnants of early Neoproterozoic oceanic lithosphere at the southern, western and northern periphery of the Siberian craton, as well as Neoproterozoic arc magmatism in terranes, now located in the middle of the CAOS, suggest oceanic spreading and subduction between Eastern Europe and Siberia even before the breakup of Rodinia at 740–720 Ma. Some Precambrian terranes in the western CAOS and Alai-Tarim-North China might have acted as a bridge between Eastern Europe and Siberia.The CAOS evolution can be rather explained by multiple regroupings of old and juvenile crust in eastern Rodinia in response to: 1) 1000–740 Ma propagation of the Taimyr-Paleoasian oceanic spreading centres between Siberian and East European cratons towards Alai-Tarim-North China; 2) 665–540 Ma opening and expansion of the Mongol-Okhotsk Ocean, collision of Siberian and East European cratons with formation of the Timanides and tectonic isolation of the Paleoasian Ocean; 3) 520–450 Ma propagation of the Dzhalair-Naiman and then Transurals-Turkestan oceanic spreading centres, possibly from the Paleotethys Ocean, between Eastern Europe and Alai-Tarim, essentially rearranging all CAOS terranes into a more or less present layout; and 4) middle to late Paleozoic expansion of the Paleotethys Ocean and collision of Alai-Tarim-North China cratons with CAOS terranes and Siberian craton to form the North Asian Paleoplate prior to its collision with Eastern Europe along the Urals to form Laurasia. Two to five subduction zones, some stable long-term and some short-living or radically reorganized in time, can be restored in the CAOS during different phases of its evolution. 相似文献
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根据地层古生物的分布和发育情况,可将云南西部划分为保山—腾冲区、耿马—孟连区和兰坪—普洱区。保山—腾冲区古生代地层特别发育,耿马—孟连区主要为晚古生代地层,兰坪—普洱区和生界分布特别广泛。云南西部构造复杂,中元古代时,两个块体在哀牢山一带形成拼结带。中元古代末,两个块体在昌宁、临沧一带形成拼结带。白垩纪中期,保山—腾冲区所属的印度古陆与冈瓦纳古陆分离且向北漂移;始新世末,与欧亚古陆碰撞合并。 相似文献
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《International Geology Review》2012,54(4):451-457
The area of Eurasia and the shelves of the marginal and internal seas have been sufficiently investigated by geological, geophysical, and drilling means to formulate a number of regional conclusions about the association between various types of tectonic structures and distribution of the petroliferous provinces (basins). This problem has been considered against the background of platforms of different age, the ancient pre-Riphean (East European and Siberian) and the epi-Paleozoic types (West Siberian and West European, and also the South Caspian intrageosynclinal basin). There are significant differences in their geological evolution, which exerted a direct effect on the distribution of the petroliferous complexes. Within the Siberian Platform, the fundamental stages in downwarping were associated with the deposition of Vendian and lower Paleozoic sediments. The principal stages in the formation of the sedimentary cover of the East European Platform were associated with the Devonian, Carboniferous, and Permian periods. For all types of structural zones under consideration, an association has heen established between distribution of oil and gas reserves and episodes of development of major structural elements. They define the overall stratigraphic range of the petroleum occurrences within the young and old platform and the fold regions, and also the concentration of the reserves of hydrocarbons in the complexes corresponding to the principal stages of downwarping of the basins.—Authors 相似文献