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广西涠洲岛晚新生代玄武岩地幔源区及岩浆成因 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
涠洲岛作为我国最年轻的第四纪火山岩岛,其火山活动表现出多期、多旋回和多喷发中心的特征,但其地幔源区特征和岩浆成因依然存在争议。本文对涠洲岛玄武岩开展了详细的矿物学和全岩主、微量元素及Sr-Nd-Pb同位素研究,以揭示其地幔源区特征和岩浆成因。涠洲岛玄武岩主要为碱性玄武岩,在岩浆上升过程,几乎未受到地壳物质的混染,经历了橄榄石和单斜辉石的分离结晶作用。轻稀土(LREE)富集、重稀土(HREE)亏损,轻、重稀土强烈分馏((La/Yb)N=14.42～28.64),Nb、Ta明显正异常,显示出与洋岛玄武岩(OIB)相似的微量元素和Sr-Nd-Pb同位素特征。Sr-Nd-Pb同位素比值变化较均一,且呈现出亏损地幔端元(DM)与富集地幔端元(EM2)的二元混合趋势。其中,EM2端元可能源于海南地幔柱。Sr/Sr*(1.21～2.36)和Eu/Eu*(1.01～1.11)正异常,指示源区存在再循环辉长岩洋壳组分。结合已有的地震层析成像结果和岩石地球化学数据,得出南海及周缘地区的晚新生代玄武岩的形成受控于海南地幔柱。伴随着海南地幔柱的上升,再循环的辉长岩洋壳经部分熔融与地幔橄榄岩反应生成石榴石辉石岩(贫硅辉石岩),石榴石辉石岩和未反应的地幔橄榄岩混合部分熔融形成涠洲岛玄武岩。 相似文献
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北部湾涠洲岛及斜阳岛火山地质与喷发历史研究 总被引：6，自引：5，他引：6
涠洲岛及斜阳岛是北部湾内一对姊妹火山岛，本文采用火山岩K-Ar法，火山岩中砂岩捕掳体光释光法（OSL）和贝壳^14C法分别测定了火山活动的年代，结合火山岩地质特征，将涠洲岛火山活动初步划分为早-中更新世（1．42Ma-0．49Ma）和晚更新世末期（36ka-33ka）两期。早-中更新世溢流玄武质熔岩盾造就了涠洲岛及斜阳岛，从涠洲岛横路山锅盖岭盾形火山锥溢出的熔岩流向四周漫流，形成涠洲岛中心高四周低的盾形火山地形，其晚阶段球状风化玄武岩沿涠洲岛潮间带分布。晚更新世末期涠洲岛南湾火山和斜阳岛斜阳村火山射气岩浆喷发，间有岩浆喷发，形成典型的低平火山口和巨厚基浪堆积几乎覆盖两岛，经历了海蚀作用，塑造了两岛现代地貌景观。 相似文献
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琼北火山活动分期与全新世岩浆演化 总被引：12，自引：9，他引：12
琼北火山活动始于始新世以来，早第三纪火山岩以夹层隐伏于不同时期的地层中。本文新提供的琼北火山岩K-AT年龄和砂岩捕虏体热释光年龄，从年代学上确定了琼北存在全新世火山喷发活动。琼北地表火山岩从早到晚分为6期：蓬莱期(中新世)、金牛岭期(上新世)、多文岭期(早更新世)、东英期(中更新世)、道堂期(晚更新世)、雷虎岭期(全新世)。雷虎岭期又分为早晚两个亚期：雷虎岭亚期和马鞍岭亚期，它们分别属于橄榄拉斑玄武岩和石英拉斑玄武岩。火山岩稀土元素、微量元素和Sr，Nd，Pb同位素地球化学特征揭示，岩浆来自亏损地幔(DMM)和富集岩石圈或亏损地幔(DMM)与俯冲洋壳两种不同的地球化学组分混合源区。橄榄拉斑玄武岩是相对原始的地幔岩浆。橄榄拉斑玄武岩岩浆经约10％橄榄石分离结晶可以形成石英拉斑玄武岩浆。岩浆上升过程中未受明显的陆壳混染。 相似文献
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长白山火山活动历史、岩浆演化与喷发机制探讨 总被引：18，自引：0，他引：18
广义的长白山火山在我国境内包括著名的天池火山、望天鹅火山、图们江火山和龙岗火山,是我国最大的第四纪火山岩分布区。图们江火山和望天鹅火山活动都始于上新世,喷发活动分别介于上新世—中更新世（5.5~0.19 Ma）和上新世—早更新世（4.77 ~2.12 Ma）。天池火山和龙岗火山属于第四纪火山,喷发活动从早更新世（~2 Ma）持续到全新世。图们江火山岩为溢流式喷发的拉斑玄武岩,望天鹅火山、天池火山和龙岗火山母岩浆都是钾质粗面玄武岩,但经历了不同的演化过程。天池火山和望天鹅火山都经历了钾质粗面玄武岩造盾、粗面岩造锥和晚期碱性酸性岩浆（碱流岩和碱性流纹岩）的喷发;龙岗火山来自地幔的钾质粗面玄武岩浆则未经演化和混染直接喷出地表。图们江火山岩以溢流式喷发的拉斑玄武岩为主,少量玄武质粗安岩等。天池火山造盾之后,地壳岩浆房和地幔岩浆房具互动式喷发特点,来自地幔的钾质粗面玄武岩浆一方面在天池火山锥体内外形成诸多小火山渣锥,另一方面持续补给地壳岩浆房发生岩浆分离结晶作用和混合作用,分别导致双峰式火山岩分布特征和触发千年大喷发。火山岩微量元素和Sr-Nd-Pb同位素示踪揭示,长白山东（图们江火山、望天鹅火山和天池火山）、西（龙岗火山）两区显示地幔非均一性,东区岩浆源区具有软流圈地幔与富集岩石圈地幔混合特征,西区岩浆源区具有相对亏损的较原始地幔特征。西太平洋板块俯冲—东北亚大陆弧后引张是长白山火山活动的动力学机制。 相似文献
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广西北海涠洲岛(含斜阳岛)全新世火山喷发及其地质意义 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
广西北海市涠洲岛(含斜阳岛)是我国面积最大的第四纪火山岩海岛,岛内分布的全新世(Q4)火山岩应是乞今中国东部最年轻的火山喷发产物。该时期火山活动形成的火山机构仍保存完好,它明显切割晚更新世湖光岩组(Q3h)地层;其喷发的火山岩不整合覆盖于晚更新世湖光岩组地层之上;在岩石学上具有独特的火山岩岩相特征和化学成分(高MgO,低SiO2)。由此进一步证实,涠洲岛地区于6900±100年的全新世的确存在一期较强烈的火山喷发活动。这种全新世的火山喷发应与南海盆地的打开事件存在一定的联系,其火山喷发时间有助于确定北部湾的形成时间,该火山喷发产物则可以用于证明南海盆地地幔热柱的活动并推测我国大陆东南缘的岩石圈内露出有软流圈的窗口。 相似文献
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北部湾涠洲岛及斜阳岛火山岩微量元素和同位素地球化学及其构造意义 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
本文在北部湾内一对姊妹火山岛即涠洲岛及斜阳岛火山地质研究基础上,进一步开展火山岩微量元素和Sr-Nd-Pb同位素,以及地幔橄榄岩Re-Os同位素地球化学研究.岛上早晚两期火山岩均为碱性玄武岩,分别属于碱性橄榄玄武岩和碧玄岩.碧玄岩为玻基斑状结构,舍地幔橄榄岩碎块(一般<1cm),表明为地幔岩浆快速喷出地表冷凝而成,岩浆上升过程中极少演化.火山岩微量元素和Sr-Nd-Pb同位素资料表明,涠洲岛及斜阳岛玄武岩与雷琼及北部湾周边、南海海盆玄武岩类似,具有亏损地幔的Sr、Nd同位素组成与Pb同位素显示的EMII富集地幔特征的Dupal异常,表明岩浆并非来自单一地幔源区,不可与OIB或MORB源区简单类比,也非地幔柱成因,而是由两个不同的地球化学组分混合而成.Re-OS同位素特征也指示地幔橄榄岩捕虏体来源于亏损的岩石圈地幔,而非核幔边界.推测涠洲岛及斜阳岛与雷琼及北部湾周边的岩浆可能是由于南海扩张后大陆裂解-软流圈地幔热物质上涌,与上覆薄而年轻的岩石圈地幔相互作用的产物. 相似文献
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本文对沿江绍断裂带的江山和浦江两地区中生代镁铁质火山岩进行了Ar-Ar年代学、岩石学和元素-同位素地球化学研究。Ar-Ar年代学结果显示,江山玄武岩的形成年龄约为99Ma,为晚白垩世喷发产物;浦江玄武岩和玄武质安山岩的喷发时间为111～112Ma,属于早白垩世。两区中生代镁铁质火山岩都为中钾钙碱性系列,根据其地球化学指标可划分为三组:第1组为江山OIB型玄武岩,在微量元素组成上无Nb-Ta亏损和Pb负异常,高ε_(Nd)(t)和低(~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr)_i比值,总体上显示出类似洋岛玄武岩的元素-同位素组成特征;第2组为高钛磷玄武岩,Nb-Ta弱负异常和明显Pb正异常,中等ε_(Nd)(t)和(~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr)_i比值;第3组为低钛磷玄武岩,强烈Nb-Ta负异常和中等Pb正异常,低ε_(Nd)(t)(-6.0～-3.7)和高(~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr)_i为特征。三组镁铁质火山岩相互之间缺乏分异演化关系,也不是同一母岩浆经历地壳混染作用的结果。对比三组镁铁质火山岩的La/Nb、Ba/Nb、Zr/Ba比值和Sr-Nd同位素模拟结果,我们认为江绍断裂带晚中生代玄武岩为软流圈-岩石圈相互作用的产物,从早期(111～112Ma)到晚期(99Ma)镁铁质岩浆地幔源区软流圈组分的比例越来越多而岩石圈成份逐渐减少的趋势。考虑到该区晚中生代的盆岭构造格局与邻区郴州-临武断裂带同时期镁铁质岩浆的产出特点,华南地区在早白垩世晚期到晚白垩世期间发生了强烈的岩石圈伸展-减薄作用。 相似文献
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广西北海涠洲岛(含斜阳岛)是我国最大的第四纪火山岩海岛，岛内出露中更新世(Q2)溢流相玄武质火山岩、晚更新世(Q3)空落一沉积相沉火山碎屑岩和全新世(Q4)爆发一溢流相玄武质火山岩，其中中更新世为玄武岩，全新世多为碧玄岩或苦橄质碧玄岩。两者比较，前者相对高SiO2、低MgO；后者相对高MgO、低SiO2。在地球化学上，这些玄武质火山岩均属无Eu异常的轻稀土元素富集和无Nb异常的强不相容元素富集类型，较之原始地幔和N—MORB具较低的Th／La值(0．04～0．28)、La／Nb值(0．52～0．91)、Rb／Nb值(0．45～1．09)、^87Sr／86 Sr值(0．70352～0．70443)以及较高的eNd值( 3．2～ 5．2)。上述特征说明，晚更新世火山岩经历了以橄榄石和斜长石为主的分离结晶，全新世火山岩则代表了部分熔融形成的原生岩浆，同化混染作用对这两种岩浆演化的影响程度很低。根据微量元素和同位素示踪可知，涠洲岛地区火山岩的源区类似于洋岛，其岩浆来自更深的软流圈，且无大陆岩石圈组分的卷入。为此进一步推测，我国雷琼和北部湾地区深部存在一个从属于南海盆地地幔热柱的亚热柱，该亚热柱的活动一直持续到全新世。 相似文献
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银根-额济纳旗盆地苏红图坳陷早白垩世火山活动强烈。火山岩的40Ar/39Ar年龄值为106.48±1.32~113.12±1.38 Ma;里特曼指数、K2O和K2O+Na2O与SiO2的关系表明该区火山岩为钾质碱性玄武岩;微量元素Nb、Ta富集的特点显示出苏红图火山岩具有洋岛玄武岩(OIB)特征,说明其源区可能主要是对流的软流圈地幔。火山岩的87Sr/86Sr和143Nd/144Nd比值分别变化在0.705477~0.707098及0.512318~0.512480之间,其Nd、Sr同位素组成靠近第一类富集地幔(EMI)端元,并有向EMⅡ延伸的趋势,显示本区火山岩的源区很大程度上受EMI的影响,并受EMII的微弱影响。此外,随着εNd的减少,P2O5、Rb、Sr、Ba及Zr逐渐富集,暗示苏红图火山岩没有经历明显的地壳物质混染。所以,苏红图火山岩是来自对流软流圈地幔的熔融产物。岩浆在快速上升过程中受到了EMI型地幔的混染,但是没有受到明显的地壳物质混染,经分离结晶形成苏红图钾质碱性玄武岩。 相似文献
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Stratigraphic records from lake sediment cores and slope deposits on Rapa Nui document prehistoric human impacts and natural environmental changes. A hiatus in sedimentation in Rano Raraku suggests that this lake basin dried out sometime after 4090-4410 cal yr BP and refilled only decades to centuries before AD 1180-1290. Widespread ecosystem changes caused by forest clearance by Polynesian farmers began shortly after the end of this drought. Terrestrial sections show a chronology of burning and soil erosion similar to the lake cores. Although changing sediment types and shifts in the pollen rain suggest that droughts occurred earlier in the Holocene, as yet there is no evidence for droughts occurring after AD 1180-1290. The timing of the agricultural colonization of Rapa Nui now seems well established at ca. AD 1200 and it was accompanied by rapid deforestation that was probably exacerbated by the island's small size, its droughty climate, and the rarity of primeval fires. Detailed records of a large interval of Rapa Nui's ecological history remain elusive due to the drought hiatus in the Rano Raraku sediment record. We find no evidence for a “rat outbreak impact” on Rapa Nui's vegetation preceding anthropogenic forest clearance. 相似文献
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Sobhi Nasir Hamad Al-Saad Abudlrazak Alsayigh Oliver Weidlich 《Journal of Asian Earth Sciences》2008,33(5-6):353-365
Geological investigations of the Halul and the Shraouh islands, offshore Qatar, indicate that most of their calcareous rocks, which display abundant stromatolitic bedding, belong to the Infra-Cambrian Hormuz Series. Mineralogical, petrological, and geochemical analyses show that these calcareous rocks consist dominantly of dolomite and have formed in a reducing depositional environment. Faint laminations and small streaks of organic matter furnish evidence for the involvement of algal mats in their genesis and indicate their formation in an intertidal to supratidal setting. The Halul and Shraouh dolomites experienced extensive recrystallization and sulfatization during the emplacement of the Halul and Shraouh salt domes that form the cores of the islands. During mobilization and ascent of the salt, the dolomite recrystallized, and its Sr initial ratios were abnormally enhanced by the incorporation of 87Sr from a source, which is more radiogenic than the attendant seawater at the time of the dolomite formation near the Proterozoic–Cambrian boundary. Geochemical analysis show that Si, Al, Ti Zr, and % of insoluble residue are highly correlative, suggesting the presence of detrital minerals such as rutile and zircon. A paleosabkha model may well agree with this chemical signature. However, the Infra-Cambrian age of the Hormuz rocks and the presence of stromatolitic layers containing organic materials in the studied rocks, suggest that organogenic dolomitization could be an alternative dolomitization model. 相似文献
13.
J. Escuder Viruete A. Díaz de Neira P.P. Herniz Huerta J. Monthel J. García Senz M. Joubert E. Lopera T. Ullrich R. Friedman J. Mortensen A. Prez-Estaún 《Lithos》2006,90(3-4):161-186
Located in the Cordillera Oriental of the Dominican Republic, the Early Cretaceous Los Ranchos Fm (LRF) comprises a > 3-km thick sequence of volcanic and volcaniclastic rocks with variable geochemical characteristics, which is intruded by tonalite batholiths, minor gabbro/diorite plutons and mafic dykes. From top to bottom, three main stratigraphic units have been mapped: upper basaltic, intermediate rhyodacitic and lower basaltic. Combined detailed mapping, stratigraphy, geochemistry, Rb–Sr/Sm–Nd isotopic studies and U–Pb/Ar–Ar geochronology show that the mafic rocks of the LRF include boninites and LREE-depleted island arc tholeiites (IAT) in the lower unit, both which appear genetically related, whereas normal IAT occur in the upper unit. The source for these rocks is thought to reflect variably depleted mantle, overprinted by a subduction zone component. Contemporaneous Aptian U–Pb zircon ages were obtained for a rhyodacite from the intermediate unit (116.0 ± 0.8 Ma) and a tonalite of the Zambrana batholith (115.5 ± 0.3 Ma) that intrudes the LRF. The similarity of trace element signatures in both units argues for genetic link between the felsic volcanics of the LRF and the tonalite plutonism. Low-K rhyolites and tonalite batholiths are interpreted as products of secondary melting at the base of thickened early arc crust. 40Ar/39Ar plateau ages of hornblende in most tonalites are Albian (109–106 Ma) and interpreted as final cooling ages, prior to unroofing and growth of unconformable overlying reef limestones of the Hatillo Fm (112–100 Ma). The LREE-depleted IAT and boninites of lower basaltic unit are interpreted to have formed during subduction zone initiation in the Caribbean Island arc, and the normal IAT of the upper unit are thought to represent the subsequent establishment of the volcanic front. 相似文献
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The Cape Lamb Member of the Snow Hill Island Formation at The Naze on the northern margin of James Ross Island, east of the Antarctic Peninsula, yielded a theropod dinosaur recovered near the middle of a 90 m thick section that begins at sea level, ends below a basalt sill, and is composed of interbedded green–gray massive and laminated fine-grained sandstones and mudstones. Sixteen palynoassemblages were recovered from this section, which yielded moderately diverse assemblages with a total of 100 relatively well-preserved species. The principal terrestrial groups (32%) are represented by lycophytes (8 species), pteridophytes (15 species), gymnosperms (13 species), angiosperms (21 species) and freshwater chlorococcaleans (3 species). Marine palynomorphs (68%) belong to dinoflagellates (61 species), chlorococcaleans (6 species), and one acritarch. The vertical distribution of selected species allows the distinction of two informal assemblages, the lower Odontochitina porifera assemblage from the base to its disappearance in the lower part of the section, and the remaining section characterized by the Batiacasphaera grandis assemblage. The global stratigraphic ranges of selected palynomorphs suggest an early Maastrichtian age for this section and the entombed dinosaur that is also supported by the presence of the ammonoid Kitchinites darwinii. These assemblages share many species with latest Campanian–early Maastrichtian palynofloras from Vega and Humps Islands, New Zealand, and elsewhere in the Southern Ocean, establishing a good correlation among them. The dominance or frequent presence of dinoflagellates throughout the section supports the general interpretation of a shelf marine depocenter. The consistent presence of terrestrial palynomorphs suggests contributions from littoral/inland environments. 相似文献
15.
An extensive stratigraphic section at Cape Alfred Ernest on the Wootton Peninsula, northwest Ellesmere Island contains six lithofacies which appear to record two glacial phases separated by an organic layer. (1) A lower massive gravel records a pre-ice advance outwash phase; (2) massive fine-grained sediments record a period of non-glacial marine deposition when sea-level was higher than present; (3) a massive diamicton records the advance of ice across the site; (4) intermediate stratified beds record supraglacial and proglacial outwash, and include an organic layer; (5) massive diamicton grading down-valley to stratified diamicton and then massive, sheared diamicton, overlain by laminated fine-grained sediments with dropstones, recording the last (late Wisconsinan) glaciation; (6) upward-coarsening sands and gravels record proglacial outwash and grade to raised marine deltas. Radiocarbon dates of 39270 ± 640 and > 51000 yr BP were obtained on samples from the organic layer by accelerator mass spectrometry and conventional radiocarbon dating, respectively. Palaeoecological data suggest that the organics accumulated in a wet sedge meadow environment when the climate was warmer than present. Stratigraphic considerations suggest that the organic layer represents an interglacial interval which, if valid, indicates that the site constitutes the northernmost interglacial stratigraphy in the Canadian Arctic. Alternatively, the organic layer may date to Plio-Pleistocene times. 相似文献
16.
海南岛晨星玄武岩地球化学特征及其构造环境含义 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
唐红峰 《大地构造与成矿学》1999,23(4):323-327
本文报道了在海南岛东部晨星石炭系地层中发育的玄武岩,并对其主量和稀土元素地球化学特征进行了初步研究,结果表明该玄武岩具高铁、强亏损N－MORB型火山岩的特点,上述特征暗示了海南岛晚古生代古洋盆存在的可能。 相似文献
17.
A thick lens of fresh groundwater exists in a large region of low permeability in the southern Lihue Basin, Kauai, Hawaii,
USA. The conventional conceptual model for groundwater occurrence in Hawaii and other shield-volcano islands does not account
for such a thick freshwater lens. In the conventional conceptual model, the lava-flow accumulations of which most shield volcanoes
are built form large regions of relatively high permeability and thin freshwater lenses. In the southern Lihue Basin, basin-filling
lavas and sediments form a large region of low regional hydraulic conductivity, which, in the moist climate of the basin,
is saturated nearly to the land surface and water tables are hundreds of meters above sea level within a few kilometers from
the coast. Such high water levels in shield-volcano islands were previously thought to exist only under perched or dike-impounded
conditions, but in the southern Lihue Basin, high water levels exist in an apparently dike-free, fully saturated aquifer.
A new conceptual model of groundwater occurrence in shield-volcano islands is needed to explain conditions in the southern
Lihue Basin.
Electronic Publication 相似文献
18.
Deception Island is an active volcano with a large structural collapse caldera that has been interpreted by several investigators as having been generated by different processes. The general stratigraphy and structural study of the volcano is presented, with special emphasis on the distribution and structural disposition of the different stratigraphic units. The rocks of Deception Island have traditionally been divided into pre- and post-caldera products. A subdivision of the pre-caldera deposits, called ‘pre- and syn-caldera deposits,’ has been observed in two main units. Bulk magnetic susceptibility analyses are used to support the field stratigraphy presented. The localization and distribution of dikes is used to assign the central collapse of the volcano to rifting induced by tensional tectonics occurring in the Bransfield Strait and the presence of transcurrent faults around the island. 相似文献
19.
选择涠洲岛和斜阳岛的两个玄武岩风化壳和一个凝灰岩风化壳,用X射线粉晶衍射法(XRD)和X射线荧光光谱法(XRF)分别测定了风化剖面各层粘土矿物和主量元素.结果表明:各风化剖面粘土矿物以7×10-10m埃洛石为主,且普遍含有针铁矿和赤铁矿,表明风化程度较高.风化剖面表层化学特征指标出现异常变化,其中一个剖面表层含有次生方解石支持了存在海岛复盐基作用对风化壳的影响.风化剖面底层的化学特征指标和粘土矿物亦表明地下水对风化壳的发育有着重要影响.热带季风气候仍然是控制该地区风化壳发育的主要因素,但海岛环境特有的复盐基作用和地下水也对风化壳的发育产生了一定影响. 相似文献