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Meng Liangyi 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》1986,(4)
长江中下游广泛分布着一类与中酸性侵入岩有关的块状硫化物矿床,它规模大,品位富,是我国特有的矿床类型。矿床中有用元素以Cu、S为主,伴生Au的含量较高,甚至可单独构成金矿床。矿床的成矿作用以石英硫化物阶段最为发育,亦是最重要的成矿阶段。 相似文献
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广西大厂锡矿铟的地球化学特征及成因机制初探 总被引：13，自引：3，他引：10
广西大厂锡矿位于江南古陆西南缘,桂西北海西-印支期被动陆缘裂谷盆地北部的断裂凹陷盆地中,是中国重要的、以锡为主的有色金属矿床。它主要由长坡-铜坑和高峰矿床、拉么矿床、大福楼矿床和亢马矿床等组成,其铟资源量约6 000 t。文章在对长坡-铜坑矿床、高峰矿床以及拉么矿床不同类型围岩（包括花岗岩质岩石）、矿石以及不同矿床类型中矿石矿物（硫化物和氧化物）中的In、Cu、Cd、Sn、Fe、Zn等微量元素分析的基础上,结合不同类型矿床、不同矿物组合中硫化物的微量元素电子探针测试以及硫同位素分析结果,初步认为大厂锡矿岩浆源区是富铟的,在正常的沉积岩中不存在铟的初始富集;In主要赋存于闪锌矿中,与层状和块状的矿体关系密切。在成矿作用过程中,In的分布和富集对矿物组合和矿石类型具有明显的选择性。大厂铟矿的形成是富铟的岩浆源区重融产生含铟岩浆,在岩浆侵位冷却过程中,由岩浆结晶所产生的流体携带In、Cu、Fe、Zn、Sn等成矿元素从岩浆中出溶,形成含In的成矿流体。水-岩反应以及在大气降水来源流体的参与下,导致In、Cu、Fe、Zn、Sn等从成矿流体中沉淀、富集成矿。 相似文献
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在低温热液型矿床的形成过程中, 生物和有机质发挥了重要的成矿作用.这种作用可以归纳为直接和间接两种.生物及有机质直接参与成矿作用的意义在于: 在沉积岩主岩的同生沉积阶段形成矿源层, 在成矿物质活化迁移过程中形成含矿流体, 在成矿元素的沉淀阶段富集形成矿床; 生物及有机质间接成矿意义是指有机质的成熟演变作用及其产物可以揭示成矿过程, 反映低温热液成矿机理和成矿条件. 相似文献
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金川Ni-Cu-(PGE)硫化物矿床赋存于超镁铁岩体中,是世界第三大镍矿床。金川岩体中部(1#矿体)Ni金属储量约占整个金川矿床的56.8%,岩石呈同心带状分布,矿体横剖面形态为舌状,中间为网状矿石,周围是浸染状矿石,其网状结构矿石丰度远远高于其他矿石类型。1#矿体不同类型矿石亲Cu元素100%硫化物计算后,原始地幔标准化配分模式指示矿石的IPGE具有、高低2个系列的数值特征,Pt变化很大,大部分样品Pt/(Pt+Pd)值在(0.3～0.7)范围之外。钻孔样品Ni、Cu品位的变化指示富Cu矿石富集于网状矿体中、下部,网状矿石的Ni、Cu品位呈明显的负相关关系,Ni/Cu值在深部变化较大。研究认为,1#矿体遭受热液蚀变作用影响明显,矿石IPGE的变化和小尺度的Ni/Cu值循环变化由MSS分离结晶作用所致,矿体中、下部富集富Cu矿石和深部Ni/Cu值变化较大由MSS分离结晶作用和热液蚀变作用综合所致。 相似文献
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蒙西斑岩铜钼矿床成矿阶段及成矿元素统计分析意义 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
蒙西斑岩铜钼矿位于东准噶尔北塔山-纸房-琼河坝岛弧带东段琼河坝地区,属形成于断裂背景下的斑岩型矿床.脉状矿化是该矿床主要矿化类型,不同脉体有一定生成顺序.早期钾化阶段形成磁铁矿钾长石石英脉、硫化物钾长石石英脉、及高温阶段磁铁矿碳酸盐脉.进入硅化作用阶段后,形成磁铁矿石英脉、辉钼矿石英脉、黄铜矿黄铁矿石英脉、黄铁矿石英脉及少硫化物石英脉.成矿作用后期形成不含或少含硫化物的石英脉、碳酸盐脉.结合矿化蚀变带内地化元素的聚类分析、因子分析特征,初步将蒙西铜钼矿成矿作用分为早期构造挤压作用成矿期和岩浆热液作用成矿期.岩浆热液成矿期是该矿床的主要成矿时期,可细分为高温成矿阶段和中低温成矿阶段,分别对应形成Mo,Cu的富集矿化. 相似文献
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铜陵狮子山矿田金矿床和铜矿床矿石稀土元素地球化学 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
在全面收集前人有关安徽铜陵狮子山矿田主要矿床矿石和蚀变岩石稀土元素分析结果的基础上,对比研究了矿田内金矿床和铜矿床的稀土元素地球化学特征。研究表明,金矿床和铜矿床矿石和蚀变岩石的稀土元素组成、轻重稀土比值和(La/Yb)N 值等特征参数承袭了矿区岩浆岩的特征,显示成矿物质的来源以岩浆来源为主,富集地壳组分,反映在成矿过程中深部热液对已固结岩浆岩的淋滤萃取作用和对沉积围岩的叠加改造作用,成矿作用与岩浆作用密切相关;不同成矿阶段和不同类型矿石或蚀变岩石的REE 特征反映REE 的来源和演化可能与成矿金属元素的来源及其富集成矿机制相一致。此外,金矿床和铜矿床矿石稀土元素地球化学行为亦显示出明显的差异性,铜矿床矽卡岩阶段矿石比石英硫化物阶段矿石相对低的REE 含量,以及部分矽卡岩矿石具有La,Ce 明显亏损的富集LREE 折线型配分模式,反映铜矿床这部分矽卡岩具有岩浆成因的特征;而金矿床和部分铜矿床中的矽卡岩及矽卡岩型矿石则以热液交代成因为主;金矿床和铜矿床Eu异常特征则反映了其成矿热液流体起源压力的差异及流体性质的阶段性演化。 相似文献
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安徽铜陵凤凰山铜矿床地球化学特征及其意义 总被引：12，自引：4，他引：8
通过对凤凰山铜矿床化探样品测试数据的系统分析研究,初步确定了本矿床在成矿作用过程中至少经历了两次大的热液流体活动:第一次是花岗闪长岩的侵入,不仅是岩浆热液使成矿元素迁移富集,而且在岩体侵入过程中强大热能的驱动下地层中的大气水参与流体的对流循环,使地层中的成矿元素被迁移;第二次是石英二长闪长岩的侵入,它在带来大量成矿物质的同时,也使地层中、特别是前期花岗闪长岩中的成矿元素在大气水的对流循环作用下被迁移并在岩体边缘及附近富集成矿. 相似文献
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Gold Mineralization of the Gatsuurt Deposit in the North Khentei Gold Belt,Central Northern Mongolia
Mineral assemblages, chemical compositions of ore minerals, wall rock alteration and fluid inclusions of the Gatsuurt gold deposit in the North Khentei gold belt of Mongolia were investigated to characterize the gold mineralization, and to clarify the genetic processes of the ore minerals. The gold mineralization of the deposit occurs in separate Central and Main zones, and is characterized by three ore types: (i) low‐grade disseminated and stockwork ores; (ii) moderate‐grade quartz vein ores; and (iii) high‐grade silicified ores, with average Au contents of approximately 1, 3 and 5 g t?1 Au, respectively. The Au‐rich quartz vein and silicified ore mineralization is surrounded by, or is included within, the disseminated and stockwork Au‐mineralization region. The main ore minerals are pyrite (pyrite‐I and pyrite‐II) and arsenopyrite (arsenopyrite‐I and arsenopyrite‐II). Moderate amounts of galena, tetrahedrite‐tennantite, sphalerite and chalcopyrite, and minor jamesonite, bournonite, boulangerite, geocronite, scheelite, geerite, native gold and zircon are associated. Abundances and grain sizes of the ore minerals are variable in ores with different host rocks. Small grains of native gold occur as fillings or at grain boundaries of pyrite, arsenopyrite, sphalerite, galena and tetrahedrite in the disseminated and stockwork ores and silicified ores, whereas visible native gold of variable size occurs in the quartz vein ores. The ore mineralization is associated with sericitic and siliceous alteration. The disseminated and stockwork mineralization is composed of four distinct stages characterized by crystallization of (i) pyrite‐I + arsenopyrite‐I, (ii) pyrite‐II + arsenopyrite‐II, (iii) galena + tetrahedrite + sphalerite + chalcopyrite + jamesonite + bournonite + scheelite, and iv) boulangerite + native gold, respectively. In the quartz vein ores, four crystallization stages are also recognized: (i) pyrite‐I, (ii) pyrite‐II + arsenopyrite + galena + Ag‐rich tetrahedrite‐tennantite + sphalerite + chalcopyrite + bournonite, (iii) geocronite + geerite + native gold, and (iv) native gold. Two mineralization stages in the silicified ores are characterized by (i) pyrite + arsenopyrite + tetrahedrite + chalcopyrite, and (ii) galena + sphalerite + native gold. Quartz in the disseminated and stockwork ores of the Main zone contains CO2‐rich, halite‐bearing aqueous fluid inclusions with homogenization temperatures ranging from 194 to 327°C, whereas quartz in the disseminated and stockwork ores of the Central zone contains CO2‐rich and aqueous fluid inclusions with homogenization temperatures ranging from 254 to 355°C. The textures of the ores, the mineral assemblages present, the mineralization sequences and the fluid inclusion data are consistent with orogenic classification for the Gatsuurt deposit. 相似文献
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The Ashele Deposit: A Recently Discovered Volcanogenic Massive Sulfide Cu-Zn Deposit in Xinjiang, China 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Abstract: The Ashele Cu-Zn deposit is a recently discovered volcanogenic massive sulfide deposit in Xinjiang, Northwestern China. It is the largest Cu-Zn deposit in this type of deposits in China, which were formed in the early period of later Palaeozoic Era. This deposit is hosted within a suit of bimodal submarine volcanic rocks of the Ashele Formation of Lower-Middle Devonian System formed in an environment of paleocontinental margin rift setting. Lensoid orebodies occur between spilitic rocks developed at footwall and quartz-keratophyric tuff at hanging wall. Zonation of metal elements in the Ashele mine is one of typical volcanic-related exhalative Cu-Zn sulfide deposits in the world. Black ores enriched in Pb, Zn and Ag occurs on the top of the No. 1 orebody in the Ashele deposit, yellow ores enriched in Cu in the middle part, and the chalcopyritization stringer below the massive sulfide ores. Zonation of ore-structure in the No. 1 orebody is also apparent and corresponds to the zoning of elements, i. e. lamellar and/or banded sulfide-sulfate ores on the top, massive sulfide ores in the middle, and stockwork veinlets associated with altered breccia pipe on the bottom. Four epochs of mineralization in the Ashele deposit has been recognized. The first period of syngenetic-exhalative deposition of sulfides is the main epoch of mineralization, and the ores deposited subsequently subjected to thermo-metamorphism at the second epoch, superimposed by hydrothermal mineralization at the third epoch, and weathered or oxidized at the fourth epoch.
More than 100 categories of minerals have been recognized in the Ashele mine, but only pyrite, chalcopyrite, sphalerite, tetrahedrite, galena, barite, quartz, chlorite, sericite, and calcite are dominant, making up various types of ores, and alteration pipes or horizons. Studies of ore petrology suggest that the massive ores were volcanogenic and deposited by exhalative process. 相似文献
More than 100 categories of minerals have been recognized in the Ashele mine, but only pyrite, chalcopyrite, sphalerite, tetrahedrite, galena, barite, quartz, chlorite, sericite, and calcite are dominant, making up various types of ores, and alteration pipes or horizons. Studies of ore petrology suggest that the massive ores were volcanogenic and deposited by exhalative process. 相似文献
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《International Geology Review》2012,54(6):565-576
In the Eastern Pontide Region of northeastern Turkey, volcanogenic Cu-Zn-Pb deposits of the Kuroko type are widespread within the dacitic series of the Liassic-Eocene volcano-sedimentary succession. Sulfide mineralization within the studied deposits shows four different depositional styles: disseminated ore; polymetallic stockwork ores; polymetallic massive ores; and disseminated pyrite in the hanging-wall tuff units. Only the stockwork and massive ores are economically important, and usually one or the other dominates in each ore body. The δ34S of sulfide minerals belonging to the various styles of mineralization are in the range from ?2.6 to +5.2% (VCDT): pyrite has the highest values and the galena lowest values in agreement with the usual isotopic-fractionation trends. Massive ores have heavier sulfur-isotope composition among the mineralization styles and the heaviest values are recorded in barite- and gypsum-rich deposits. The close similarity of the δ34S among the various mineralization episodes in some deposits indicates a single sulfur source having a stable and homogenous composition. The δ34S of sulfates fall into three groups: barites and primary gypsum (15.4 to 20.4%), close to coeval seawater sulfate; one value of barite (25.4%) heavier than coeval sea water; and values of secondary gypsum (2.2 to 8.0%) either very light compared to coeval seawater sulfate, or within the range recorded from sulfide minerals. The δ34S values of pyrite disseminated in the brecciated dacite tuff units are very close to zero and similar to the ones reported for magmatic rocks, suggesting a magmatic source for the sulfur of the earliest sulfide mineralization episode. These δ34S data are not sufficient to calculate the fraction of the reduced sulfur derived from seawater sulfate, as the associated fractionation factor cannot be constrained. 相似文献
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Mineralogy of the Boroo Gold Deposit in the North Khentei Gold Belt,Central Northern Mongolia 
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下载免费PDF全文 Mineral assemblages and chemical compositions of ore minerals from the Boroo gold deposit in the North Khentei gold belt of Mongolia were studied to characterize the gold mineralization, and to clarify crystallization processes of the ore minerals. The gold deposit consists of low‐grade disseminated and stockwork ores in granite, metasedimentary rocks and diorite dikes. Moderate to high‐grade auriferous quartz vein ores are present in the above lithological units. The ore grades of the former range from about 1 to 3 g/t, and those of the latter from 5 to 10 g/t, or more than 10 g/t Au. The main sulfide minerals in the ores are pyrite and arsenopyrite, both of which are divisible into two different stages (pyrite‐I and pyrite‐II; arsenopyrite‐I and arsenopyrite‐II). Sphalerite, galena, chalcopyrite, and tetrahedrite are minor associated minerals, with trace amounts of bournonite, boulangerite, geerite, alloclasite, native gold, and electrum. The ore minerals in the both types of ores are variable in distribution, abundance and grain size. Four modes of gold occurrence are recognized: (i) “invisible” gold in pyrite and arsenopyrite in the disseminated and stockwork ores, and in auriferous quartz vein ores; (ii) microscopic native gold, 3 to 100 µm in diameter, that occurs as fine grains or as an interstitial phase in sulfides in the disseminated and stockwork ores, and in auriferous quartz vein ores; (iii) visible native gold, up to 1 cm in diameter, in the auriferous quartz vein ores; and (iv) electrum in the auriferous quartz vein ores. The gold mineralization of the disseminated and stockwork ores consists of four stages characterized by the mineral assemblages of: (i) pyrite‐I + arsenopyrite‐I; (ii) pyrite‐II + arsenopyrite‐II; (iii) sphalerite + galena + chalcopyrite + tetrahedrite + bournonite + boulangerite + alloclasite + native gold; and (iv) native gold. In the auriferous quartz vein ores, five mineralization stages are defined by the following mineral assemblages: (i) pyrite‐I; (ii) pyrite‐II + arsenopyrite; (iii) sphalerite + galena + chalcopyrite; (iv) Ag‐rich tetrahedrite‐tennantite + bournonite + geerite + native gold; and (v) electrum. The As–Au relations in pyrite‐II and arsenopyrite suggest that gold detected as invisible gold is mostly attributed to Au+1 in those minerals. By applying the arsenopyrite geothermometer to arsenopyrite‐II in the disseminated and stockwork ores, crystallization temperature and logfs2 are estimated to be 365 to 300 °C and –7.5 to –10.1, respectively. 相似文献
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因子分析是一种多元统计分析方法,以往地质研究中常用其解决复杂的地质成因及矿化叠加问题。本文利用R型因子分析对岷县寨上-马坞调查区的1:20万水系沉积物样品数据进行处理,计算因子得分,圈定因子得分异常图,并与区内的各种地质作用相联系,取得了一定的效果;利用R-Q型因子分析对寨上及附近的原生晕样品进行分析,通过对矿体及构造带样品的分析,可以划分矿化类型;通过对地层样品的分析,可以划分地层并得出各地层的特征组合元素。因此利用因子分析可以为地球化学数据解释提供重要信息。 相似文献
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阿舍勒是新疆十分重要的铜多金属矿集区,矿化均赋存于下–中泥盆统阿舍勒组火山岩系中。矿化类型多,成矿元素组合复杂(Cu、Cu-Zn、Cu-Zn-Au、Cu-Pb-Zn-Au、Cu-Pb-Zn-Ag)。阿舍勒组火山活动时间是402~375 Ma,矿化时间为394~379 Ma,持续了15 Ma。本文通过对阿舍勒铜锌矿和萨尔朔克金多金属矿的系统研究,提出阿舍勒矿集区矿床模型,认为尽管矿集区铜多金属矿化类型多,成矿元素组合复杂,但成矿均与火山作用有关,属同一VMS成矿系统,只是不同部位存在矿化差异。在火山斜坡和洼地喷流沉积形成层状铜锌矿体和重晶石矿体,补给通道中形成脉状铜(锌)矿体和铜铅锌银矿体,潜流纹岩中形成脉状金铜铅锌矿体,潜英安岩中形成铜矿体,潜火山岩接触带形成铜矿体,在断裂或裂隙中形成铜矿体。 相似文献
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东升庙矿床是内蒙古狼山-渣尔泰山成矿带上最大的锌多金属矿床,主要含矿岩系是狼山群第2岩组。通过对矿区地质现象的野外观察和钻孔样品地球化学特征的研究,结合国际上同类矿床最新研究进展,对东升庙矿床主矿体的成矿过程提出了新观点。岩、矿石样品的岩相学研究结果显示,不同岩段的岩、矿石有不同的组构特征：第4岩性段中部菱铁矿矿石为典型的细粒镶嵌结构和块状构造,具明显的化学沉积特征;第4岩性段底部②号矿体中的闪锌矿矿石具半自形-它形晶粒结构或溶蚀结构,多为角砾状构造或块状构造,有明显的充填-交代现象;第3岩性段以绢云石墨片岩为主的黑色岩系网脉状矿化普遍,常见后期热液充填现象。岩矿石样品的地球化学研究结果显示,菱铁矿矿石和闪锌矿矿石有相似的微量元素富集特征和稀土元素配分曲线,可能具有同一物质来源。而第3岩性段的绢云石墨片岩有不同的微量元素富集特征和稀土元素配分曲线,可能是多期热液活动作用的结果。值得一提的是,在②号主矿体硫化物矿石中不但发现有来自于矿体下部的有一定磨圆度的绢云石墨片岩碎屑角砾,还有一些来自上部围岩的含炭质白云大理岩角砾。此类碎屑角砾可能是交代残余或者交代过程中垮塌的产物,无法用同时沉积解释。综合分析认为第3岩性段的网脉状矿化是后期热液充填的结果,而第4岩性段底部的②号矿体是含矿热液选择性交代碳酸盐地层而成矿,菱铁矿矿体是富铁热液运移到海底后沉积生成。相对于传统的喷流沉积成矿方式,本文认为交代作用对东升庙主矿体的形成起到了关键作用。 相似文献
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黔西南滥木厂矿床是世界上罕见的汞(大型)-铊(大型)-金(小型)多金属矿床,具有独特的成矿元素分带现象。本文通过系统研究滥木厂矿床金、汞-铊、汞、铊矿石及围岩样品的主量、微量及稀土元素地球化学特征,对比分析不同类型矿化的成矿环境,以探讨成矿元素共生分离机制。研究表明,相对于滥木厂矿床的围岩样品,同岩性的各类矿化岩石的SiO_(2)含量显著增加,CaO和MgO含量之和明显降低,表明成矿过程中伴随广泛的硅化和去碳酸盐化作用,K_(2)O-Al_(2)O_(3)投图表明区内存在显著的高岭石化作用。各类矿石与围岩均显示Au、As、Sb、Hg、T1和轻稀土富集特征,且具有相似的稀土配分模式;但成矿元素分布于不同的特征因子中,并表现出富集程度的差异,表明成矿物质继承了原岩的部分地球化学特征,在成矿过程中发生了分离。Y/Ho比值在金矿石中普遍高于28,在其它矿化类型岩石中均低于28,反映金成矿热液富含氟络合物,汞和铊成矿热液以碳酸氢根的络合物为主。各类矿石通常具有Ce正异常,铊、汞-铊和金矿石普遍显示Eu正异常,汞矿石呈现轻微的Eu负异常,表明成矿环境处于相对氧化的状态,并具氧化还原波动性。综合元素地球化学特征与收集的碳、氢、氧、硫、铅同位素成果,认为滥木厂矿床金、汞、铊矿化的成矿物质及成矿流体具有多源性,各类矿化在温度、氧逸度、酸碱性及配合物类型等方面的差异可能是成矿元素产生分异的重要原因。 相似文献
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Empirical discriminant analysis classified multivariate data from 2174 geochemical reconnaissance samples from South Greenland, so that they were related to known geological units or characterized as outliers. Training sets, comprising 514 samples from 14 geologic units were selected in order to reflect only the background conditions of each geological unit. A smoothing parameter of 0.5 maximized correct classification of the training sets and extracted a reasonable number of outliers (289, 13% of the samples) representing geographically grouped anomalies. Plots of the geochemical samples classified into the geological units corresponded well to the geological map.Q-mode cluster analysis classified the 289 outliers into 30 groups with different element associations. All types of mineral occurrence known in South Greenland could be recognized amongst the clusters. For example, there were seven clusters which were characterized by samples with high U values and different associated elements each one related to a different type of U mineralization. Another cluster containing samples with high Zr, Nb, and Y values reflects recently discovered pyrochlore mineralization. Other clusters were explained on the basis of geological units which were too small to be mapped or included amongst the training sets.Empirical discriminant analysis successfully reduced the multivariate data to one map, which made it easier to evaluate the varying element levels over the different geological units. Incorrectly classified samples require follow-up in order to appraise the accuracy of the geological mapping. Classification of the outliers by cluster analysis assists both in identifying samples influenced by mineral occurrences and in predicting the type of mineralization to be expected, thereby substantially aiding in the selection of areas for mineral exploration. 相似文献
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小秦岭地区大湖—秦南钼矿床位于华北地台南缘，属于小秦岭-外方山成矿亚带。矿化类型可分为含钼次生石英岩型和细脉浸染型。含钼次生石英岩型矿石构造有角砾状构造、团块状构造、蜂窝状构造、细脉网脉状构造和块状构造；蚀变以细脉浸染状钾化、硅化、碳酸盐化、高岭土化、硬石膏化为特征。细脉浸染型矿化通常与花岗质岩石关系密切，偶尔也见于含钼次生石英脉边部的片麻岩中；蚀变通常为钾化、硅化、绢云母化和少量的黄铁矿化、高岭土化、碳酸盐化等。含钼次生石英岩型含有含钼花岗质岩石角砾。野外证据表明，含钼花岗质岩石向含钼次生石英岩内部表现为，含钼花岗质岩石角砾逐渐变小，并逐渐被含钼次生石英岩包裹，含钼石英脉增厚，高岭土化、硬石膏化增强。这一特征反映了二者之间的成因联系。两种矿化类型中获得的12件辉钼矿Re-Os模式年龄分别为（223.6±4.1）~（196.1±3.0）Ma以及（197.8±3.2）和（196.1±3.3）Ma，Re-Os同位素等时线年龄为（199+14/-25）Ma。这些年龄数据表明，该区的成矿作用发生于印支期或早燕山期。钼矿化时空上与花岗斑岩脉和正长斑岩一致，含钼花岗质岩石的矿化和蚀变样式与斑岩型矿床类似。辉钼矿中w（Re）为0.894×10-6~2.964×10-6，反映钼成矿物质来源于地壳。这一时期，区域上以碱性岩岩脉产出为特征，因此本区成矿作用形成于陆内伸展环境下，应注意找寻与印支期花岗质岩石有关的斑岩型钼矿床。 相似文献