共查询到16条相似文献，搜索用时 125 毫秒
1.
胶质芽孢杆菌的胞外分泌物与细菌的解钾作用 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
研究了胶质芽孢杆菌(Bacillus mucilaginosus)KO1菌株在不同培养条件下,其荚膜多糖含量随时间的变化以及菌株在有氮、无氮培养基中的解钾作用。结果表明,尽管该菌在无氮培养条件下的菌体数量远小于有氮培养条件,但无氮培养条件下所提取的细菌多糖多于在有氮条件下培养所提取的细菌多糖;胶质芽孢杆菌在以添加钾长石粉或黑云母粉制作的无氮培养基中生长可形成大量多糖,采用丙酮法进行细菌培养液多糖提取,发现细菌培养的第3天所提多糖含量最高;胶质芽孢杆菌在以添加钾长石粉或黑云母粉制作的有氮培养基中生长亦可形成较多的多糖,且在细菌培养的第4天所提多糖含量最高;胶质芽孢杆菌在有氮条件下对含钾矿物的释钾率高于在无氮条件下的释钾率,这可能与该菌在有氮条件下生长更快、可产生较多菌体细胞有关。分析表明,该菌在有氮条件下产生的胞外糖蛋白高于在无氮条件下产生的胞外糖蛋白,蛋白质在细菌分解转化含钾矿物过程中可能发挥重要作用。 相似文献
2.
含钾矿粉对胶质芽孢杆菌分泌胞外多糖的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
研究了不同实验条件下,含钾矿粉对胶质芽孢杆菌（Bacillus mucilaginosus）分泌胞外多糖的影响,以进一步揭示细
菌与矿物的相互作用机理。实验分别采用无矿（不加含钾矿粉）无钾（不含可溶性钾）、无矿有钾（有可溶性钾）、有矿（100
mL培养液加0.3 g含钾矿粉）无钾及有矿有钾4组培养基培养胶质芽孢杆菌,进行产胞外多糖的分析比较。研究发现,在有
钾长石粉但不含钾离子的培养条件下,胶质芽孢杆菌产生的多糖和蛋白质含量最高;在既有钾矿粉又有可溶性钾离子存在
的培养条件下,菌体产生的蛋白质和胞外多糖含量稍低;在无钾矿粉的条件下,无论有没有钾离子的两种培养基中,蛋白
质和多糖含量都很低。研究结果表明,有无钾矿粉的不同培养条件能够引起胶质芽孢杆菌分泌胞外多糖的单糖组成成分产
生明显差异,胶质芽孢杆菌胞外分泌物与细菌对含钾矿粉中钾的利用密切相关。 相似文献
3.
细菌与真菌对黑云母的风化作用比较:以胶质芽孢杆菌和黑曲霉为例 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以胶质芽孢杆菌(Bacillus mucilaginosus)与黑曲霉(Aspergillus niger)为例,比较了细菌与真菌对黑云母风化作用的异同点,为研究微生物风化矿物的作用机制提供了实验依据。分别采用有氮培养基和察氏培养基作为胶质芽孢杆菌和黑曲霉的实验培养基,并以黑云母矿粉为钾源,培养5天后利用ICP-OES、SEM及酶活测定等方法,对发酵液中各种离子浓度、矿物表面形貌以及发酵液中碳酸酐酶(CA)活性进行检测。胶质芽孢杆菌与矿物通过多糖等黏性物质紧紧黏附在一起形成细菌-矿物复合体,而黑曲霉与矿物相互作用则形成了真菌-矿物聚集体。黑曲霉培养液中离子溶出量总体高于胶质芽孢杆菌培养液,其中Al 3+、Fe3+和K+含量分别高出约17、30和3mg/L;分泌的酸性物质的量和CA活性都明显高于胶质芽孢杆菌,表明黑曲霉拥有对矿物更强的风化能力。 相似文献
4.
胶质芽孢杆菌胞外多糖在肥料矿物分解转化中的作用 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
本文探讨了胶质芽孢杆菌胞外多糖在细菌分解转化矿物过程中的作用。将事先提取的胞外粗多糖按一定浓度梯度与矿粉混合,24 h后再次提取多糖称重,证实多糖与矿粉颗粒之间的吸附现象。计算结果表明,矿粉对多糖的吸附随多糖量的增加而呈较明显的增长,之后增幅逐渐趋于平缓。在无氮培养基中添加不同种类矿粉培养细菌,然后分别提取粗多糖和较纯多糖,发现矿物种类对胶质芽孢杆菌多糖的分泌有显著影响。添加含有细菌所需矿质养料的矿粉在培养液中,胞外多糖含量相对增高,说明细菌分泌胞外多糖受到矿物化学组成的影响,即细菌胞外多糖的产生与它们对矿物养料的需求和矿物的风化过程有密切联系。 相似文献
5.
为了探究培养方式（振荡和静置） 对细菌诱导形成的碳酸盐矿物种类和形态的影响,本文在B4培养基中分别对蜡状
芽孢杆菌（GW-1菌株）、赖氨酸芽孢杆菌（GW-2菌株） 和微杆菌（GW-3菌株） 三种细菌进行了为期40天的振荡培养实验
及相应的无菌对照实验,重点利用X-射线衍射仪和扫描电子显微镜分别对矿物成分和形态进行了测定和观察,并将观测结
果与静置条件下的结果进行了对比。结果表明：（1） 三种细菌均具有促进碳酸盐矿物沉淀的功能,但能力有所不同,从大
到小的顺序为GW-2＞GW-1＞GW-3;（2） 在振荡和静置两种培养方式下,GW-1和GW-2菌株诱导形成的矿物均为方解石,
而GW-3菌株诱导形成的矿物均为球霰石。这说明细菌种类是影响矿物相的重要因素,培养方式对矿物相无明显的影响;
（3） 对于GW-1和GW-2菌株,其在振荡培养条件下诱导形成的矿物形态呈现多样化,而在静置培养条件下形成的矿物形态
则比较单一。对于GW-3菌株,其诱导形成的矿物均为球形,与培养方式无关。 相似文献
6.
一株胶质芽胞杆菌对磷矿石风化作用的实验研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以一株质芽孢杆菌为例研究实验条件下微生物对磷矿石的风化作用.以直接作用和间接作用的方式研究培养基中胶质芽孢杆菌对磷矿粉的风化作用,即在装有100目磷矿石粉的液体培养基中接种,研究该菌对磷矿石粉的直接风化作用;同时,将装有100目磷矿石粉的透析袋放入液体培养基中再接入该菌,研究其对磷矿石粉的间接风化作用.按不同时间取培养液上清液,过滤,用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱(ICP-OES)测定滤液中Ca2 、Mg2 、Na 、Mn2 、Al3 、Fe3 和K 等浓度,比色法测定水溶性P(Pws)和水溶性Si (Siws) 的含量;滤膜上的固体物称重并消解后,同上方法测定Ca2 、Mg2 、Na 、Mn2 、Al3 、Fe3 和K 等浓度以及Pws和Siws含量.此外,细菌风化作用后的矿物残渣用电子探针作表面微观形态分析和XRD矿物物相分析.结果表明:胶质芽孢杆菌对磷矿石粉风化的直接作用强度大于间接作用;对不同矿物的风化强度不同,对粘土矿物的风化作用较明显.提出细菌对磷矿石的风化作用源自细菌生长导致的机械破坏作用、胞外分泌物的生化降解作用以及多种因素之间的协同作用. 相似文献
7.
低温条件下微生物诱导沉淀产率低,制约着微生物诱导固化(MICP)技术的实际工程应用。通过控制不同温度和pH值,对比分析巴氏芽孢杆菌和巨大芽孢杆菌的生长繁殖特征和脲酶活性,同时在胶凝液中添加营养物质和控制尿素浓度和钙离子浓度,研究提高沉淀产率的方法,利用XRD测试分析沉淀晶型。进行渗透性试验和无侧限抗压强度试验,对比分析了不同菌种的砂土固化效果,结果表明,低温条件下巨大芽孢杆菌生长繁殖比巴氏芽孢杆菌快,脲酶活性更高,且巨大芽孢杆菌最适宜p H=8,更适合于碱性环境;可以通过在胶凝液中添加营养物质,控制尿素浓度为1.5 M和醋酸钙浓度为0.5 M增加碳酸钙沉淀产率;低温条件下巨大芽孢杆菌沉淀产率总高于巴氏芽孢杆菌,沉淀晶型为更稳定的方解石;采用巨大芽孢杆菌固化的试样渗透性可降低3～4个数量级,而巴氏芽孢杆菌固化的砂柱渗透性只降低2～3个数量级,其中颗粒粒径越小,渗透性降低越明显,且同等条件下巨大芽孢杆菌固化的砂柱试样强度也大于巴氏芽孢杆菌固化试样。因此,低温条件下巨大芽孢杆菌更适合进行实际工程应用。 相似文献
8.
微生物固化(microbial-induced calcite precipitation, 简称为MICP)技术是岩土工程领域新兴起的一种地基处理技术,利用微生物诱导产生的碳酸钙晶体胶结松散土颗粒,改善土体的力学特性。选用巴氏芽孢杆菌作为固化细菌,采用单一浓度（0.5、1.0 mol）和多浓度相结合（前期采用0.5 mol,后期采用1.0 mol）的化学处理方式注射胶结液（尿素/氯化钙混合液）,研究化学处理方式对微生物固化砂土强度的影响。基于试验测试分析了固化砂土试样的强度、破坏模式以及碳酸钙含量。试验结果表明,化学处理方式对固化砂土试样的强度有显著影响,对破坏模式和碳酸钙含量无明显影响;多浓度相结合的化学处理方式能够以较少的灌浆次数获取较高强度的试样。最后,对化学处理方式对强度影响的机制进行深入分析。 相似文献
9.
微生物沉积碳酸钙固化砂质黏性紫色土试验研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
重庆紫色土是一种砂质黏性土,地区降雨集中,水力冲蚀作用剧烈,极易产生水土流失,微生物诱导方解石沉积(MICP)技术因能耗低、污染小而广泛应用于土体加固中。通过正交试验优化了巨大芽孢杆菌(BNCC 336739)的培养基和培养条件,活菌数增长126%,活性良好。采用巨大芽孢杆菌,进行低水压(9.8kPa)灌注固化砂质黏性紫色土试验,探究了固化效果的变化规律。结果表明:随固化次数增加,碳酸钙生成量和干密度逐级增加,无侧限抗压强度与碳酸钙生成量正相关;碳酸钙有效沉积越来越少,强度提高趋于稳定,固化9次后强度提高77%;随孔隙被碳酸钙填充和上下碳酸钙硬壳的形成,渗透性不断降低,最终下降两个数量级;通过试样上、中、下三部分碳酸钙生成量C的样本标准差s来反映碳酸钙分布离散程度,发现割线弹性模量在s的影响下随C增加而波动上升,波动表现为在C相近或s相差很大时,s越小割线弹性模量越大。研究成果可以为MICP技术在紫色土地区的地基、边坡加固和水土流失防护等工程应用提供科学依据和参考。 相似文献
10.
中国大陆科学钻探（CCSD）微生物研究——地下3900米一株细菌的分离与鉴定 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
在中国大陆科学钻探科钻一井的3911.28米处利用厌氧培养基分离到一株细菌CCSDFL3900,该菌的最适生长温度为65℃,兼性厌氧,革兰氏染色为阴性,端生芽孢,不运动,电镜观察无鞭毛。利用细菌16SrDNA通用引物对其16SrRNA进行PCR扩增,16SrRNA序列及其进化树分析结果显示,该菌为芽孢杆菌或地杆菌。生化试验检测显示,该菌株能够利用多种糖类发酵产酸,最终鉴定为热坚芽孢杆菌。 相似文献
11.
本文利用胶质芽孢杆菌(Bacillus mucilaginosus)和黑曲霉(Aspergillus niger)处理铜-苯酚(简称铜-酚)和镉-苯酚(简称镉-酚)这类有机-无机复合污染模拟废水,采用胶质芽孢杆菌和黑曲霉分别单独、联合或先后处理等5种方式,探讨了这两类菌体对复合污染模拟废水的处理效果及优化方法。结果表明,微生物对铜-酚废水的处理效果优于对镉-酚废水。对于铜-酚废水的处理表明,当废水中苯酚浓度为50~200 mg/L时,去除率可达80%以上,最高可达94.65%,其中铜的去除率较苯酚低;当模拟废水中铜浓度为30 mg/L时,可达最高去除率(60.02%)。微生物对镉-酚废水的处理表明,当废水中镉离子浓度为4 mg/L时,最高去除率为58.44%,苯酚的去除率一直保持在30%左右。 相似文献
12.
Effect of Bacillus mucilaginosus on weathering of phosphorite and a preliminary analysis of bacterial proteins 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
The authors investigated the effect of Bacillus mucilaginosus on weathering of phosphorite. Analysis of different proteins was of significance in exploring the molecular biological mechanism in the bacterial weathering process. The concrete methods are described as follows： Mineral powder was put into liquid culture medium and B. mucilaginosus was incubated in the medium. The control （group） had no mineral powder in the medium. The treatments and controls were cultured simultaneously under the same condition. In a few days, the supernatant was filtrated, the main cations （Ca^2＋, Mg^2＋, Na^＋, Mn^2＋, Al^3＋, Fe^3＋, K^＋） were measured by ICP-OES, and the contents of water soluble phosphorus （Pws） and silicon （Siws） were determined by colorimetry. The residual solid was weighed on the filter paper, followed by digestion with concentrated HNO3. The concentrations of the main cations and Pws, Siws in the digest liquid were measured by using the method mentioned above. After the supernatant was centrifuged, the precipitation was used to analyze the protein differences between the treatment groups and the control groups by 2-dimentional gel electrophoresis （2-DE）. The experimental results showed that apatite and quartz were partially weathered, but kaolinite was dissolved completely. The population of bacteria increased when mineral powder was added in the liquid medium. Software analysis and comparison of the 2-DE pictures of bacterial proteins revealed 1134 visible protein spots in the treatment group, and 729 visible protein spots in the control group. To compare the bacterial protein expression contents of the treatment group with those of the control group, there were 496 different protein spots, including 214 protein spots which indicated that the protein contents increased, 75 protein spots were indicative of a decrease, and 207 proteins were newly synthesized. It is proposed that the increased bacterial contents may be related to some protein expression and activation after the 相似文献
13.
Petrogenetic significance of solid carbonate inclusions in apatite of the Sukulu carbonatite, Uganda 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Many solid inclusions occur in apatite of the Sukulu carbonatite, Uganda, of which the most abundant are carbonate, which can be classified into clear (Mg-calcite) and pitted (calcite) inclusions based on their morphology, texture and chemical composition. Although such solid inclusions are ubiquitous in carbonatite apatite and have been described by many workers, this study provides new insight into their genesis and petrogenetic significance.
The pitted inclusions commonly have elongate or spherical shapes and are spatially related to microfractures in the apatite host. They probably developed from early primary aqueous or Mg-calcite solid inclusions by infiltration of post-magmatic fluids through the microfractures. The clear inclusions generally have spheroidal shapes and are thought to represent an early magmatic phase and to be typically magmatic in origin.
Electron microprobe analysis indicates that the clear inclusions contain > 1.6 wt.% MgO and the pitted ones <0.5 wt.% MgO. The FeO content also differs, the clear inclusions containing about twice as much FeO as the pitted ones. Heating experiments suggest that some of the clear inclusions must be representative of crystals precipitated at high temperature ( > 1100°C) prior to apatite formation. In contrast, other clear inclusions became dark or brownish and remarkably homogeneous on heating at relatively moderate temperatures (740–912°C) indicating that they may represent true melt inclusions trapped as melts during apatite growth.
The present findings clearly illustrate the importance of both magmatic and post-magmatic processes in the genesis of the carbonate of the Sukulu carbonatite complex. They also suggest that extensive post-magmatic processes are likely to have been responsible for development of the low Mg-calcite and associated dolomite which dominate the sovites of this complex. 相似文献
14.
MICHEL LAMBOY 《Sedimentology》1993,40(1):53-62
Fabrics of phosphatized calcium carbonate particles in various phosphorites have been studied using scanning electron microscopy coupled with X-ray dispersive microanalysis. Replacement of calcium carbonate by apatite has been observed in bivalve shell fragments and in foraminiferal tests; replacement proceeds at constant volume with excellent preservation of the original microtextures. In some deposits, replacement of carbonate by apatite is the main phosphogenic process. However, in general, the process seems to be far less important than might be believed purely on the basis of thin section observations. In many phosphorites, internal or external apatite moulds of bioclasts are common, including very small particles such as coccoliths in phosphatized chalks. Apatite precipitation was typically followed by carbonate dissolution. Later apatite precipitation within the dissolution voids may produce partial or total phosphate pseudomorphs of the original carbonate grain. In these examples direct replacement of carbonate by phosphate cannot be demonstrated. 相似文献
15.
生物成因矿物的形成过程通常是通过先沉积非晶前驱体,进而转变形成某一种结晶相的途径来实现的。对生物成因
碳酸钙而言,普遍认为其非晶的前驱体相是在生物有机大分子和无机离子共同作用下形成的。在阴离子柠檬酸根存在的情
况下,仿生合成了非晶碳酸钙（Amorphous calcium carbonate,ACC）,运用场发射扫描电子显微镜（FESEM）、X-射线衍射（XRD）、
傅里叶红外光谱（FTIR）和热重-差热分析（TG-DTA）等实验手段进行了分析并观测了非晶碳酸钙后续转变。结果显示,
多羧基的阴离子能够诱导形成非晶碳酸钙,并且这些非晶碳酸钙具有与生物成因非晶碳酸钙类似的组成。这可能指示与生
物矿化相关的生物大分子,特别是一些富含极性羧基大分子能够诱导碳酸钙矿物非晶态前驱体相的形成,同时也能暂时稳
定这些非晶前驱体相。 相似文献
16.
The relationship between the distribution of nitrogen impurity centres in diamond crystals and their internal structure and mechanism of growth 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Fifty diamond crystals of different morphological types (octahedra, dodecahedroids, cubes and single tetrahexahedroid) with differing internal structures were examined using methods of cathodoluminescence (CL), anomalous birefringence and local infrared (IR) analysis. The main objective of the study was to examine the regularities of nitrogen impurity distribution in diamond with differing internal structures. Almost all the analyzed octahedra, as well as dodecahedroids with zonal structures and the blocky dodecahedroids, are characterized either by nearly isothermic growth conditions or by a decrease in formation temperature during the crystallization process. In contrast to zoned octahedra and dodecahedroids, dodecahedroids with zonal–sectorial and sectorial internal structures show a notably different distribution of nitrogen defects, with Ntot generally decreasing from crystal cores to marginal areas, and degree of nitrogen aggregation increasing in the same direction. From this, it would follow that in these crystals, the temperature of diamond formation of the outer crystal zones is approximately 40–50 °C higher than that of the inner zones. The same result (15 to 80 °C) was obtained for diamond crystals with cubic habit, which generally show a fibrous internal structure, reflecting normal mechanisms of growth. The anomalous distribution of nitrogen centres in diamond crystals that grew through the normal mechanism, with a high rate of growth and in an oversaturated medium, might point to non-equilibrium relationships between the concentrations of different nitrogen centres. It is likely that in crystals of this type, the rate of growth is higher than the rate of structural nitrogen aggregation. Thus, it appears that in these peculiar crystals of diamond we deal with non-equilibrium concentrations of nitrogen B centres and, consequently, with anomalous, non-actual diamond formation temperatures. 相似文献