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渤海湾盆地车镇凹陷超压发育广泛,基于钻井实测(DST)资料和测井资料,对车镇凹陷地层超压特征及超压与油气的赋存关系进行了分析。研究结果表明,始新统沙河街组三段和四段地层发育异常高压,异常压力主要出现在埋深2 100m以下地层中,最大压力系数达到1.78。车镇凹陷泥岩声波时差对地层超压有较好的响应关系,在超压层段,声波时差明显偏离正常压实趋势,具有较高的声波时差值,通过典型单井泥岩声波时差确定了正常声波时差趋势线,并建立了地层压力预测模型,综合主要超压区域单井预测压力,分析了超压顶界面主要在2 100~3 200m之间,发育单超压系统。剖面上压力体分布特征表明,压力体形成以洼陷深部位为中心向周围逐渐递减的压力结构。超压对油气运移和赋存起着控制作用,套尔河洼陷油藏主要分布在压力系数为1.6的压力体外围;车西洼陷油藏主要分布在压力系数为1.4的压力体外围。 相似文献
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牛庄洼陷是东营凹陷的一个典型超压单元,明确超压分布特征需要研究泥岩超压的预测模型.基于测井和钻杆测试(DST)资料,分析了牛庄洼陷现今压力特征和3口典型井泥岩超压段的测井响应特征.分析表明,牛庄洼陷超压主要发育在2 100 m以下的沙河街组第三段和第四段,超压泥岩段的测井响应特征呈现多样化,主要表现在视电阻率测井响应的不唯一性,这种不唯一性可能主要与特殊岩性如油页岩等有关.采用Eaton公式利用泥岩声波时差换算出泥岩压力,建立了泥岩计算压力与储层实测压力之间的关系模型,即泥岩超压预测模型,通过超压砂、泥岩声波时差异常幅值的对比分析了该预测模型的可靠性,并开展了误差分析.研究认为,利用泥岩声波测井资料,通过该模型能够预测牛庄洼陷泥岩超压层空间分布的大致轮廓. 相似文献
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随着塔里木盆地深层勘探领域的不断突破，顺托果勒地区超深层碳酸盐岩层系发现了一系列与走滑断裂有关的异常高压油气藏，但其超压成因和分布规律却少有讨论。相较于伸展盆地与挤压型前陆盆地体系，克拉通内走滑断裂与地层压力关系的研究相对较少，同时碳酸盐岩储层强烈的非均质性也进一步加剧了超压分布的复杂性。本次研究根据钻井测试与生产动态资料，分析了顺托果勒地区压力分布特征与超压储层特征；结合流体包裹体恢复的古压力、天然气地球化学特征与断裂活动期次讨论了顺托果勒地区不同二级构造单元间异常压力的成因机制差异。结果表明，顺北缓坡和顺托低凸起地层超压为天然气充注与构造增压作用产生，而顺南缓坡地层超压主要受原油裂解生气影响。天然气的生成与断裂活动特征决定了顺南地区整体超压、顺北与顺托地区局部超压的分布格局，走滑断控储层的发育模式使得顺托果勒地区中下奥陶统储层压力系统呈现分割状发育特征。 相似文献
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沾化凹陷的渤南洼陷为富油洼陷, 实测超压出现在沙三、四段, 埋深为2 300~4 200 m。综合大量的地压测试、测井和地质资料, 研究了现今超压分布和超压的测井及地震响应, 对单井、剖面超压发育特征和影响超压结构的地质要素进行了深入分析。超压带内泥岩声波时差偏离正常趋势线, 而泥岩密度没有明显偏低的响应。研究表明:渤南洼陷存在3个超压系统, 上超压系统为浅层沙一段发育的弱超压, 沙三段中下部的强超压构成中超压系统的主体, 下超压系统位于沙四段中;砂质质量分数大于20%的沙二段为常压。超压源层、低渗封隔层和断裂构造带3类地质要素控制着超压幅度和超压结构。泥质源岩产生的多相流体是形成超压系统的物质基础;沙一段压实泥岩、沙三中亚段的互层致密砂岩和泥岩、沙四上亚段的膏盐层作为压力系统封隔层, 对超压系统的形成和分布起到控制作用;断裂具有泄压和封堵双重性, 对地层压力和油气层横向分布具有重要影响。利用地震层速度计算得到了渤南洼陷现今大规模超压系统分布特征的整体认识。 相似文献
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异常地层压力是沉积盆地中的常见现象,其与成烃成藏关系密切。本文以欠压实带的有无、欠压实的幅度大小、持续的深度范围,将大民屯凹陷泥岩压实类型分为4种,即强烈欠压实型、欠压实型、局部欠压实型以及正常压实型。利用测井、地质和钻井资料,运用等效深度法分析了该区现今异常压力的展布特征并探讨了其成因机制。5条超压分布剖面揭示大民屯凹陷的超压体系在凹陷内分布较广泛,纵向上基本可分为上、中、下3套压力体系。①纵向上,上部即Es23段及其以上地层基本为正常压力系统;中部即Es33段为弱超压系统;下部即Es43和Es4地层为强超压系统。②横向上,超压在洼陷中心强烈发育,到斜坡和隆起带渐渐演变为正常压力。压实不均衡和生烃作用是大民屯凹陷超压发育的主要机制。 相似文献
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异常地层压力的演化历史对深入理解油气的生、运、聚动力学过程至关重要.为揭示临南洼陷内异常地层压力的演化特征, 在流体包裹体组合概念的限定下, 利用热动力学模拟的方法, 对沙三段进行了地层古压力重建.地层压力系数随时间的演化表明, 沙三中、下亚段在30 Ma左右即发育有异常高压, 而现今洼陷内局部发育的异常低压为异常高压经过一定时期的演化后在晚期形成, 自30 Ma以来的整个演化过程表现出降压-增压-降压的旋回性特征.沙三上亚段在该地质历史时期均未发育异常高压, 但晚期也表现出明显的降压特征.结合生烃史、充注史及断裂活动性综合分析表明, 临南洼陷沙三段异常高压主要起源并受控于油气的生成与充注, 而异常低压主要起源并受控于断裂的多次、长期活动. 相似文献
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运用油气蔵动力学理论,针对渤南洼陷沙四段储集层进行岩石学(岩石薄片123片)、储集性能(岩心孔隙度测试145块)分析测试,结果表明:渤南洼陷沙四段中的膏岩层主要发育于洼陷的中部,厚度最大可达百余米,岩性以灰白色石膏岩、泥膏岩和深灰色石膏质泥岩为主,其与泥岩、泥质粉砂岩交互出现。储层物性以渤南断裂带最好(平均孔隙度9.8%),深洼陷带次之(平均孔隙度9.4%),纵向上膏岩层间和膏岩层下发育1~2个次生孔隙发育带(3 330m~3 630m,3 730m~3 830m)。利用测井资料计算地层压力表明,埕南断裂带沙四上亚段压力系数为0.93~1.12,平均1.04,属于常压系统。深洼陷带压力系数为1.2~1.7,深洼陷带属于高压系统。渤深断阶带,沙四上亚段压力系数为1.2~1.6,属于高压系统;下亚段压力系数为1.1~1.4,为弱-中超压系统。膏岩层的存在使超压体系产生明显差异,渤南洼陷的中强超压主要出现在沙四段顶部的膏岩层之下,而未发育膏岩层的地区沙四段则为常压。综合分析认为渤南洼陷膏岩层的发育是造成各构造区块沙四段储层物性差异的原因之一。异常压力对储层物性具有强烈的影响和控制作用,超压与深部物性较好的储层在纵向和平面上均能相匹配。 相似文献
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车镇凹陷套尔河洼陷地层超压成因机理 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
从超压成因机理研究的各种分析方法入手,依据压实不均衡、成烃及裂解成气作用两方面对车镇凹陷套尔河洼陷地层超压成因机理进行了研究.结果表明,泥岩声波时差及其对应的泥岩密度曲线表现为两段式演化,趋势线变化点在3 250 m附近.一方面从古近系沉积速率看,沙三期沉积中心的沉积速率高达450 m/Ma,可形成高幅度的异常高压,反映了压实不均衡作用对该地区地层超压的贡献作用;另一方面,套尔河洼陷地层超压分布范围与该地区生烃中心范围一致,且沙三中下段烃源岩的镜质体反射率Ro值在0.8%～1.1%之间,说明生烃作用对套尔河洼陷地区地层超压的发育亦具有一定的贡献.由此认为,压实不均衡和生烃作用是套尔河洼陷地区地层超压发育的主要机理. 相似文献
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柴达木盆地西北(以下简称“柴西北区”)古近系-新近系异常超压普遍存在。对超压的空间分布特征和形成机制的研究是评价该地区油气成藏条件与资源潜力的关键。依据柴西北区钻井实测压力数据及基于等效深度法计算的地层压力结果,对研究区异常高压的平面和剖面分布特征进行分析。在此基础上,结合柴西北区典型钻井泥岩声波时差曲线特征、不同时期沉积速率、各地层岩性特征、有机质生烃潜力及柴西北地区遭受的构造挤压作用,对研究区超压的形成机制进行分析,并对各控制要素在超压形成过程中的贡献进行定量评价。研究结果表明：柴西北区地层超压起始深度位于大约1 500 m,主要发育在古始新统路乐河组-中新统上干柴沟组内,总体上异常高压随深度加深逐渐增大。研究区超压的形成是多种因素综合作用的结果,其中欠压实作用、有机质生烃和构造挤压作用是该区超压形成演化的重要原因。对控制超压形成的各要素定量评价结果显示：欠压实作用是柴西北区超压形成的最重要控制因素,其贡献率高达60%;构造挤压作用次之,其贡献率在20%～30%左右;有机质生烃演化作用对超压形成也有影响,但贡献率相对较小。此外对柴西北区咸湖环境下的盐度分布特征研究初步表明,地层孔隙流体盐度和咸水半咸水环境下沉积的含盐塑性地层对超压的形成和保存也有一定的影响。 相似文献
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Gong Zaisheng China National Offshore Oil Corporation Beijing Yang Jiaming Institute of Petroleum Exploration Development China National Offshore Oil Corporation Gaobeidian Hu Jianwu Hao Fang Faculty of Earth Resources 《中国地质大学学报(英文版)》2001,12(2)
Ｏｖｅｒｐｒｅｓｓｕｒｅｈａｓｂｅｅｎｆｏｕｎｄｉｎａｂｏｕｔ 180ｓｅｄｉｍｅｎｔａｒｙｂａｓｉｎｓ(ＬａｗａｎｄＳｐｅｎｃｅｒ,1998;Ｈｕｎｔ,1990 ) .Ｔｈｅｍｅｃｈａｎｉｓｍｓｆｏｒｔｈｅｏｖｅｒｐｒｅｓｓｕｒｅｄｇｅｎｅｒａｔｉｏｎａｎｄｔｈｅｆｌｕｉｄｆｌｏｗａｃｔｉｖｉｔｉｅｓｉｎｏｖｅｒｐｒｅｓ ｓｕｒｅｄｂａｓｉｎｓｈａｖｅｂｅｅｎｔｈｅｓｕｂｊｅｃｔｓｏｆａｎｕｍｂｅｒｏｆｓｔｕｄｉｅｓ (Ｈｕｎｔ,1996 ;Ｏｒｔｏｌｅｖａ ,1994) .Ｐｒｏｂａｂｌｙ ,ｔｈｅｍｏｓｔｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｔａｓｐ… 相似文献
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本文依据准噶尔盆地中部地区钻井地层压力实测数据,勾画出该区超压顶界面的空间分布形态以及超压封闭层的厚度;重点阐述了2口钻井超压封闭层的岩性构成、成岩作用机理和岩石学与岩石物性特征;通过对比研究,探讨了封闭层的封闭机理。研究表明该区超压顶界面为一个向南倾斜的曲面,横向上可穿过不同的地层层面。超压封闭层由一组砂泥互层的碎屑岩组成,厚度约166～250m,砂岩含量大于50%。砂岩封闭层已达到晚成岩 A_2亚期阶段,自生高岭石、石英次生加大和碳酸盐胶结作用发育,主要与中下侏罗统煤系烃源岩成熟演化过程中排出的大量有机酸溶解铝硅酸岩及其自生矿物有关。封闭层砂岩为致密储层,渗透率<1.0md、孔隙度<10%,由于其内发生了天然气充注,气毛细管封闭成为封闭层的主要封闭机理。 相似文献
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The principle of lithostatic pressure is habitually used in metamorphic geology to calculate burial/exhumation depth from pressure given by geobarometry. However, pressure deviation from lithostatic, i.e. tectonic overpressure/underpressure due to deviatoric stress and deformation, is an intrinsic property of flow and fracture in all materials, including rocks under geological conditions. In order to investigate the influences of tectonic overpressure on metamorphic P–T paths, 2D numerical simulations of continental subduction/collision zones were conducted with variable brittle and ductile rheologies of the crust and mantle. The experiments suggest that several regions of significant tectonic overpressure and underpressure may develop inside the slab, in the subduction channel and within the overriding plate during continental collision. The main overpressure region that may influence the P–T paths of HP–UHP rocks is located in the bottom corner of the wedge‐like confined channel with the characteristic magnitude of pressure deviation on the order of ～0.3 GPa and 10–20% from the lithostatic values. The degree of confinement of the subduction channel is the key factor controlling this magnitude. Our models also suggest that subducted crustal rocks, which may not necessarily be exhumed, can be classified into three different groups: (i) UHP‐rocks subjected to significant (≥0.3 GPa) overpressure at intermediate subduction depth (50–70 km, P = 1.5–2.5 GPa) then underpressured at depth ≥100 km (P ≥ 3 GPa); (ii) HP‐rocks subjected to ≥0.3 GPa overpressure at peak P–T conditions reached at 50–70 km depth in the bottom corner of the wedge‐like confined subduction channel (P = 1.5–2.5 GPa); (iii) lower‐pressure rocks formed at shallower depths (≤40 km depth, P ≤ 1 GPa), which are not subjected to significant overpressure and/or underpressure. 相似文献
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Abnormally high formation pressures are encountered worldwide, ranging in geological age from Cenozoic to Paleozoic, within
a depth range of few hundred meters to as deep as six thousand meters while carrying out exploratory drilling by E and P companies.
Several causes can increase formation fluid pressure i.e. rapid loading of sediments results compaction disequilibrium, thermal
expansion of fluids, compression and/or upliftment of strata by tectonic forces, generation of oil and gas from organic matter
and its volume expansion due to high thermal stress within the restricted pore volume in subsurface condition. Few global
examples on overpressure occurrences have been compiled in the paper with special reference to Bengal Basin. Emphasis has
been given on methodology and interpretation on abnormal pressure detection in Bengal Basin with a compiled data package on
generated curves (Geologs), charts, tables in a systematic way to understand the depth/stratigraphic horizons proved/interpreted
as proved or likely to be within transition and overpressure regime. The integrated analysis indicates that the wells drilled
in the east of Eocene hinge zone in the onshore and offshore parts of Bengal Basin have penetrated overpressure formation
within Miocene in the depth range of 2800 m to 5340 m and the mud weight used to control this overpressure zone was more than
2.0 sp gr mud. The generated Geologs can be used as reference to understand the regime of transition and overpressure, as
a valuable document for exploration drilling planning and monitoring. The generated model curve (modified using available
data after Hottman and Johnson, 1956 curve) using sonic departure (i.e. Δtob(sh) −Δtn(sh)) from drilled wells may be used as an additional tool to find out the expected formation pressure gradient and equivalent
mud weight in all future wells. The correlation of wells based on the trend of dcs and σ logs will be useful for predicting
transition and overpressure top provided all the parameters required for calculating dcs and σ log recorded smoothly during
drilling phase. The study has brought out the detail procedure to generate the pressure profile in the future wells. The generation
of pressure profile of a well prior to drilling has got immense importance in oil industry. The drilling of the well should
be done by maintaining the optimum mud weight generated from the pressure profile. In case, during drilling, formation pressure
is more than the mud pressure, resulted gas kicks or worse, blowouts of the well. Excessively high mud pressure can fracture
the formation and cause lost circulation. The oil and gas companies, worldwide, attributed 15% losses due to various problems
associated with drilling complications, mostly related to improper pressure prediction of a well. The losses include loss
of material as well as drilling process continuity, called non-productive time (NPT). The generation of accurate pressure
profile reduces drilling problems, cuts exploration and development costs and allows billions of dollars now spent on losses
to be better spent-building and replacing reserves. 相似文献
16.
莺歌海盆地超压体系的成因及与油气的关系 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
莺歌海盆地独特的地质进程形成多套泥源层,泥源岩的压实与排液不均衡导致盆地内存在大规模的超压体系,大量的生烃及水热增压使盆地内超压进一步加剧。底辟作用将超压传递至浅层,使超压体系的分布在不同深度和不同构造带中的差异均较大。在中央底辟带,由于泥-流体底辟活动极强,突破的地层多,超压顶面埋深很浅;超压的释放不仅仅是孔隙流体的逸散,更重要的是烃源(主要是泥源层)所生成的油和气作为热流体的一部分,伴随热流体向上突破、运移到浅部分异、逸散和聚集形成气藏。 相似文献
17.
东濮凹陷白庙地区古近系超压成因机理 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
综合超压成因机理的各种分析方法,从压实不均衡、生烃作用两方面对白庙地区的超压成因机理进行了系统的分析.研究结果表明,泥岩声波时差曲线表现为两段式线性演化,其拐点深度为3 100 m左右.一方面,白庙地区实测超压顶界面深度约为2 800～3 050m,说明是压实不均衡作用导致了该区超压的形成;另一方面,超压顶界面埋深与生烃高峰深度表现出良好的一致性,在3 050 m深度其镜质体反射率R0值为1.0%,说明生烃作用对白庙地区超压的发育亦具有一定的贡献,由此认为,压实不均衡和生烃增压作用是白庙地区超压发育的主要机理. 相似文献
18.
The Qiongdongnan Basin is a strongly overpressured basin with the maximum pressure coefficient over 2.2. Two types of vertical overpressure configuration can be identified by electronic logs and mud pressure, based on the calibration with the test pressure. The first is a double overpressure configuration, in which the middle low overpressure zone divides the entire overpressure zone into two zones. The double overpressure configuration lies primarily in the western part of the basin. The second is a single overpressure configuration, in which overpressure increases with depth. The single overpressure configuration lies primarily in the eastern part of the basin. Distribution maps of the overpressure top and overpressure horizons show three important characteristics: (1) The distribution of the pressure coefficient is not uniform. There are many low overpressure zones against a background of high overpressure. (2) The pressure coefficient in the western area is greater than in the eastern area. The maximum pressure coefficient in the western area is greater than 2.2. (3) There is a low overpressure interval between the high overpressure zones in the western area. Based on the overpressure distribution, some important implications for hydrocarbon exploration can be drawn. In the Qiongdongnan Basin, it has been shown that normal pressure zones are favorable for hydrocarbon accumulation, and strongly overpressured zones (pressure coefficient greater than 1.8) are unfavorable for hydrocarbon accumulation. Accordingly, the NW low overpressure belt around wells R, Q and S should be beneficial for hydrocarbon accumulations, and should be considered as the next exploration play in the Qiongdongnan Basin. Theoretical hydrofracture calculation and interpretation of the sand injectites indicate the presence of widespread hydrofractures in the basin. Comparison between the sealing capacities of the double overpressure and single overpressure configurations shows that the former is superior for hydrocarbon accumulation and preservation. Because of the strong sealing capacity provided by the displacement pressure and pore pressure difference between the seal rock and reservoir in the double overpressure configuration zone, hydrocarbons barely penetrate the seal rock in the middle low overpressure zone. Therefore, the exploration interval should be within and below the middle low overpressure zone in the western basin. 相似文献