共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 78 毫秒
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Koike Katsuaki 《地球科学》2011,36(2):209-226
Sample data in the Earth and environmental sciences are limited in quantity and sampling location and therefore, sophisticated spatial modeling techniques are indispensable for accurate imaging of complicated structures and properties of geomaterials. This paper presents several effective methods that are grouped into two categories depending on the nature of regionalized data used. Type I data originate from plural populations and type II data satisfy the prerequisite of stationarity and have distinct spatial correlations. For the type I data, three methods are shown to be effective and demonstrated to produce plausible results: (1) a spline-based method, (2) a combination of a spline-based method with a stochastic simulation, and (3) a neural network method. Geostatistics proves to be a powerful tool for type II data. Three new approaches of geostatistics are presented with case studies: an application to directional data such as fracture, multi-scale modeling that incorporates a scaling law, and space-time joint analysis for multivariate data. Methods for improving the contribution of such spatial modeling to Earth and environmental sciences are also discussed and future important problems to be solved are summarized. 相似文献
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利用测井信息评价盐湖相烃源岩 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
盐湖相烃源岩富含膏、盐质成分,使其测井响应特征发生极大改变,给测井评价烃源岩带来困难。基于实测数据,分析了盐湖相烃源岩中普遍发育的纯泥岩、含膏(盐)泥岩和膏(盐)质泥岩有机碳含量的测井响应模式,发现纯泥岩和含膏(盐)泥岩TOC与AC和LogRt呈正比,与DEN呈反比,膏(盐)质泥岩TOC与DEN呈正比,与LogRt呈反比,并基于此建立了盐湖相烃源岩测井评价方法,即首先利用ΔGR区分岩性,再针对不同岩性建立TOC评价模型,最后根据实测S1+S2和TOC建立相关关系,就可以求取烃源岩的TOC和S1+S2。利用该方法对东营凹陷沙四下亚段烃源岩性质和展布进行分析,发现预测TOC与实测TOC吻合程度高,具有一定推广价值。 相似文献
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中国昆明地区岩溶洞穴洞口带苔藓植物研究 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
为了研究中国西南岩溶洞穴植物区系与生物多样性特征, 作者曾两次对云南昆明地区12个岩溶洞穴进行了野外考察和苔藓植物标本采集工作。其中含昆明市石灰岩洞穴1个, 石林县石灰岩洞穴5个和宜良县白云岩洞穴6个。根据采自12个岩溶洞穴洞口带的164件苔藓植物标本研究, 本文首次报道昆明地区洞穴苔藓植物10科18属25种。昆明地区洞穴中分布较多的苔藓植物科有丛藓科( Po ttiaceae) 5属8种,凤尾藓科( Fi ssidentaceae ) 1属4种,柳叶藓科( Amblystegiaceae ) 3 属3 种和青藓(Brachytheciaceae ) 2属3种。溶洞中较常见的4种苔藓植物种类是萤光苔类植物光苔Cyathodiumcavernarum Kunze ( 见于6个溶洞中) , 小凤尾藓Fissidens bryoides Hedw ( 见于4个溶洞中) , 橙色净口藓Gymnostonum calcareum Nees et Ho rsch (见于3 个溶洞中)和长叶扭口藓Tortella tortuosa( Hedw ) Limp ( 见于3个溶洞中)。野外观察表明,受洞穴弱光环境生态因子的限制, 昆明地区洞穴苔藓植物主要生长于洞穴洞口0～ 26m带范围内; 2种丛集型藓类植物, 橙色净口藓Gymnostonumcalcareum Nees et Horsch, 和钩喙净口藓G.recurvirost re Hedw 参与洞口带钟乳石或石笋钙华沉积。 相似文献
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《煤田地质与勘探》2021,49(5):190-199
The Cretaceous is a typical period for studying the greenhouse climate and the earth system interactions, and the world's most extensive terrestrial strata are mainly in East Asia, especially in China. Continental sediments can effectively reflect the paleo-climate change, but the previous studies of the Late Cretaceous paleo-climate, based on the combined characteristics of continental climate-sensitive sediments, were barely found in China. To obtain the Late Cretaceous paleo-climate characteristics of China, the distribution characteristics of different continental climate-sensitive sediment types in the early, middle and Late Cretaceous in China were studied in detail. According to the distribution and combination characteristics and types of continental climate-sensitive sediments, seven climate types can be divided: 1) warm-humid and warm-dry climate; 2) hot and dry climate; 3) hot-dry and arid climate; 4) hot-dry and semiarid climate; 5) hot-dry and hot-wet climate; 6) hot-dry and warm-humid climate; 7) hot-dry and warm-dry climate. The results show that in the early Late Cretaceous, the hot and dry climate was the most widespread, followed by warm-humid and warm-dry climate, but the climate was drier than the paleo-climate of the previous study of Early Cretaceous. Hot and dry climate zone became wider in the Coniacian and Maastrichtian; furthermore, it covered Xinjiang to the east of China from east to west after the Santonian Period. The hot-dry and semiarid climate zone was nearly latitudinally distributed from the northwest to the southeast and it shows a further increase in aridification. Global geological events, paleogeographic features and regional tectonic evolution had significant impacts on the paleoclimate of China in the Late Cretaceous, such as global eruptive events of volcanoes led to the temperature increase in China in the early Late Cretaceous; coastal mountain ranges in southeastern China led to the drying of the Late Cretaceous climate in southern China; Xuefeng Mountains, Wuling Mountains, Nanling Mountains and Tai-hang Mountains were the dividing line between the hot and dry climate zone and hot-dry and arid climate zone in the early Late Cretaceous, and Altun Mountains were the dividing line between the southeastern section of the hot and dry climate zone in western China in the middle Late Cretaceous. 相似文献
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《煤田地质与勘探》2021,49(3):1-7
The Deep Resources Exploration and Mining(DREAM) grant program, within the framework of The National Key Research and Development Program grants, is a pillar to implement China's science and technology strategy in the area of deep resources exploitation. To tackle the insufficient of theories and technologies for the 1000-meter-deep mining, a section of mining, covering the research of basic theories, general technologies and application demonstration, was arranged in the layout of DREAM under the principle of "whole chain design, integrated implementation". In the aspect of basic research, DREAM mainly focused on the deep rock mechanics and mining theory, such as the in-situ mechanical behavior of deep rock, deep high stress induction and energy regulation theory. For the general and key technologies, DREAM supported the research on the mine construction and hoisting, excavation, rock breaking, mining methods and mining safety according to the characteristics of coal and metal mines. For the demonstration application, taking green, safe and efficient as the starting point, DREAM aimed at the green, safe and high efficiency mining, and the demonstration and leading role projects such as the low-waste and high-efficiency back fill mining. Since 2016, 10 RD projects have been funded, and 122 institutional participants with a total budget of RMB 235 million from the central government and RMB 480 million from enterprises as well as local governments have been involved. It is expected that the mining section of DREAM would contribute to establishing the theory and technology system in the area of deep mining and promoting the ability of deep resource exploitation in China. 相似文献
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西藏金沙江缝合带西段晚三叠世碰撞作用与沉积响应 总被引：17，自引：4，他引：17
青藏高原是由若干条缝合带和其间所夹的沉积盆地构成,其中晚三叠世北羌塘盆地位于金沙江缝合带南缘,盆地的充填实体显示为南薄北厚,为楔形沉积体;在垂向上,以不整合面为界可将该套充填地层划分为两个构造层序,下部构造层序以复理石建造为特征,上部构造层序以磨拉石建造为特征,具有典型的前陆盆地充填序列;盆地具双物源和双古流向体制,沉降中心和沉积中心具有不一致,显示其为金沙江缝合带南侧的周缘前陆盆地,从而确定了晚三叠世北羌塘前陆盆地与金沙江缝合带的成因关系。在此基础上,结合在金沙江缝合带西段新发现和确定的蛇绿岩的最小年龄和碰撞型花岗岩的年龄,本文根据下部构造层序复理石的年龄、前缘隆起的形成年龄、冲断带隆升成为地貌高地的年龄、下部不整合面的时代和前缘隆起型碳酸岩缓坡的形成时间标定了金沙江缝合带碰撞事件的时代下限,根据上部构造层序磨拉石的年龄、上部不整合面的年龄、花岗岩和构造碎裂岩成为物源的年龄标定了金沙江缝合带碰撞事件的时代上限,表明金沙江缝合带初始碰撞事件为卡尼克期与诺利克期之间,最终碰撞事件介于诺利克期与瑞替克期之间. 相似文献
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Principles of Probabilistic Regional Mineral Resource Estimation 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Agterberg Frits 《地球科学》2011,36(2):189-200
Five principal sources of uncertainty in quantitative mineral resource estimation are listed and illustrated by means of a simple example (mosaic model) and a case history study for large copper deposits in the Abitibi area of the Canadian Shield. Abitibi copper potential originally was estimated on the basis of 1968 estimates of production and reserves totalling 3.12 Mt Cu. This prognostication now could be evaluated on the basis of 2008 copper production and reserves totalling 9.50 Mt Cu. An earlier hindsight study performed on the basis of 1977 data (totalling 5.23 Mt Cu) showed seven new discoveries occurring either in the immediate vicinities of known deposits or on broad regional copper anomalies predicted from the 1968 inputs. By 1977, the global geographic distribution pattern of large copper deposits in the Abitibi area had stabilized. During the next 30 years, new copper was essentially found close to existing deposits, much of it deeper down in the Earth's crust. In this paper, uncertainties associated with copper ore tonnage are analyzed by comparison of 2008 data with 1968 data using (a) log-log plots of size versus rank, and (b) lognormal QQ-plots. Straight lines fitted by least squares on these plots show that 1968 slopes provide good estimates of 2008 slopes but 1968 intercepts are much less than 2008 intercepts. In each linear log-weight versus log-rank plot, the slope is related to fractal dimension of a Pareto frequency distribution, and in a lognormal QQ-plot it is determined by logarithmic variance. The difference between 2008 and 1968 intercepts represents the increase in copper ore production and reserves from 1968 to 2008. The Pareto model fits actual copper and massive sulphides increase over the past 40 years better than the lognormal frequency distribution model for 10 km×10 km cells on favorable environments in the Abitibi area. 相似文献
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Shi-zhen Li Zhi Zhou Hai-kuan Nie Lei-fu Zhang Teng Song Wei-bin Liu Hao-han Li Qiu-chen Xu Si-yu Wei Shu Tao 《China Geology》2022,5(1):110-135
The shale gas resources in China have great potential and the geological resources of shale gas is over 100×1012m3,which includes about 20×1012m3 of recoverable resources.Organic-rich shales can be divided into three types according to their sedimentary environments,namely marine,marine-continental transitional,and continental shales,which are distributed in 13 stratigraphic systems from the Mesoproterozoic to the Cenozoic.The Sichuan Basin and its surrounding areas have the highest geological resources of shale gas,and the commercial development of shale gas has been achieved in the Upper Ordovician Wufeng Formation-Lower Silurian Longmaxi Formation in these areas,with a shale gas production of up to 20×109m3 in 2020.China has seen rapid shale gas exploration and development over the last five years,successively achieving breakthroughs and important findings in many areas and strata.The details are as follows.(1)Large-scale development of middle-shallow shale gas(burial depth:less than 3500 m)has been realized,with the productivity having rapidly increased;(2)breakthroughs have been constantly made in the development of deep shale gas(burial depth:3500-4500 m),and the ultradeep shale gas(burial depth:greater than 4500 m)is under testing;(3)breakthroughs have been made in the development of normal-pressure shale gas,and the assessment of the shale gas in complex tectonic areas is being accelerated;(4)shale gas has been frequently discovered in new areas and new strata,exhibiting a great prospect.Based on the exploration and development practice,three aspects of consensus have been gradually reached on the research progress in the geological theories of shale gas achieved in China.(1)in terms of deep-water fine-grained sediments,organic-rich shales are the base for the formation of shale gas;(2)in terms of high-quality reservoirs,the development of micro-nano organic matter-hosted pores serves as the core of shale gas accumulation;(3)in terms of preservation conditions,weak structural transformation,a moderate degree of thermal evolution,and a high pressure coefficient are the key to shale gas enrichment.As a type of important low-carbon fossil energy,shale gas will play an increasingly important role in achieving the strategic goals of peak carbon dioxide emissions and carbon neutrality.Based on the in-depth study of shale gas geological conditions and current exploration progress,three important directions for shale gas exploration in China in the next five years are put forward. 相似文献
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Three-dimensional(3 D)static modelling techniques are applied to the characterization of the Qishn Formation(Fm.)in the Sharyoof oil field locating within the Masila basin,southeastern Yemen.The present study was initiated by the seismic structural interpretation,followed by building a 3 D structural framework,in addition to analysing well log data and from these,3 D facies and petrophysical models are constructed.In the Sharyoof oil field,the Qishn Fm.exhibits depth values within the range of 400-780 m below sea level,with a general increase towards the SSE.A set of high dip angle normal faults with a general ENE-WSW trend dissect the rocks.The strata are also folded as a main anticline with an axis that is parallel to the fault trend,formed as a result of basement uplift.According to the facies models,the Qishn Fm.comprises 43.83% limestone,21.53% shale,21.26% sandstone,13.21% siltstone and 0.17% dolomite.The Qishn Carbonates Member has low porosity values making it a potential seal for the underlying reservoirs whereas the Upper Qishn Clastics SI A and C have good reservoir quality and SIB has fair reservoir quality.The Upper Qishn Clastics S2 and S3 also have fair reservoir quality,while the Lower Qishn Clastics zone has good reservoir quality.The water saturation decreases towards the west and east and increases towards north and south.The total original oil in-place(OOIP)of the Upper Qishn clastics is 106 million STB within the SI A,SIC and S2 zones.Drilling of development wells is recommended in the eastern study area,where good trapping configuration is exhibited in addition to the presence of a potential seal(Upper Qishn Carbonates Member)and reservoir(Qishn Clastics Member)with high porosity and low water saturation. 相似文献
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文章基于webGIs技术讨论矿山地质环境监测和预测工作,阐述了矿山地质环境监测和预测的四项原则：群防群治原则、信息公开原则、多手段多方法原则、沟通畅通原则。在四项原则的基础上,将矿山地质环境监测与预警系统分为四个模块三个层次。分别为：基础信息模块、监测模块、评估模块、预警模块,客户层、应用层和数据层。其中基础信息模块、监测模块组成WebGIS系统的数据层,评估模块为应用层,预警模块为客户层。四个模块相辅相成,三层结构相互配合,组成一套完整的webGIS管理系统。通过分析研究,完善了矿山地质环境监测和预测的理论和方法,该方法具有较好的应用前景。 相似文献
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简要分析了桩体弹性模量对于桩体负摩阻力特性的影响机制。低弹性模量桩身压缩是桩顶位移的主要组成部分。在这种情况下桩身压缩对桩的荷载传递影响很大。在复合地基中常用的低刚度桩的桩-土相互作用分析中应当考虑桩身压缩的影响。有限元分析表明,影响桩体负摩阻力特性的桩体弹性模量存在一个临界值,当桩体弹性模量大于此值时,可以忽略桩体弹性模量对桩体负摩阻力性状的影响;桩体弹性模量小于此值时,桩身压缩变形增大,会造成中性点位置上移,桩身中最大附加应力降低。这些变化随着桩体弹性模量的降低而加剧 相似文献
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金属矿床勘查找矿信息系统的设计与实现 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
从金属矿床勘查找矿和国土资源信息化建设的实际出发,通过科学合理的筛选、归纳,总结出金属矿床勘查找矿信息,进而提出系统设计方案,包括信息采集子系统（客户端）、信息检索子系统（客户端）和网络数据库服务（服务器端）等3个子系统,以及属性信息采集模块、空间信息采集模块、基础数据采集模块、数据维护模块、属性信息检索模块、空间信息检索模块和基础数据检索模块7个主要模块。采用VB+MapGIS组件+SQLServer的集成开发模式,开发了具有友好人机接口,能够为地质勘查单位、政府管理部门和公众提供服务的金属矿床勘查找矿信息平台。同时,给出了项目开发过程中解决的部分技术问题的VB程序代码。 相似文献
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从我国找矿勘查信息化的实际出发,设计并构建了金属矿床找矿勘查管理信息系统.该系统利用地理信息系统技术、数据库技术,整合了找矿勘查能够获取的数据,其中包括矿区地质特征信息、基础地质信息、地球化学信息、地球物理信息、遥感信息等几种类型,从而进一步提高矿产资源调查信息化的程度.该系统用Access数据库进行数据存储,用GIS组件MapObject进行空间数据的管理,包括数据的显示、查询、输出等,采用SQL查询语言进行综合信息的查询,从而实现数据库与GIS的有效集成.系统的模块主要包括矿区文字资料的管理模块、空间数据的管理模块、文件资料的管理模块和数据库的查询模块. 相似文献
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多元线性回归分析法计算顶管施工引起的地面沉降 总被引：12，自引：2，他引：10
采用多元线性回归分析法建立了一个地面沉降和其产生的主要因素之间的回归模型,并利用VC编程实现了这个回归模型。程序运行中与实测数据紧密结合动态更新回归模型,预测的沉降结果与实测数据比吻合。 相似文献
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针对干旱地区平原绿洲水土资源利用的特点,建立了以农区土壤水为中心的干旱区平原绿洲散耗型水文模型。散耗型模型考虑了水在不同介质和不同形态之间的交换或转化,并重点考虑人类活动如引水灌溉、地下水的开采等对水平衡的影响。模型把研究区划分为河段、泉井、水库湖泊、农区和非农区五类水均衡模块,水均衡模块之间通过地表渠系、地下水侧渗进行水量交换。应用模型可以对研究区农区、非农区各自的蒸发量、农区向非农区地下水迁移量等干旱区主要水分散耗项进行分析。 相似文献
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针对干旱地区平原绿洲水土资源利用的特点,建立了以农区土壤水为中心的干旱区平原绿洲散耗型水文模型。散耗型模型考虑了水在不同介质和不同形态之间的交换或转化,并重点考虑人类活动如引水灌溉、地下水的开采等对水平衡的影响。模型把研究区划分为河段、泉井、水库湖泊、农区和非农区五类水均衡模块,水均衡模块之间通过地表渠系、地下水侧渗进行水量交换。应用模型可以对研究区农区、非农区各自的蒸发量、农区向非农区地下水迁移量等干旱区主要水分散耗项进行分析。 相似文献
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智能化、自动化、信息化是钻井工程的发展方向。为实时、安全、准确、高效地获取钻井现场实时数据,研究了一套由3种无线传输模式组成的深孔智能化钻井参数无线实时传输系统。基于LabVIEW软件平台采用模块化编程,完成由无线发送接收模块、远程网络传输模块、数据库模块、复杂钻进工况识别模块、事故诊断模块等5大模块组成的无线实时传输系统。通过室内仿真测试与现场应用,说明其满足现场应用要求,可应用于复杂、深孔、智能化钻井现场,满足深部资源探矿工程的需要,支持国家重要能源资源勘探工程。 相似文献
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数字煤田地质报告系统架构设计研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在分析当前煤田地质行业信息化应用前景的基础上,认为研制数字煤田地质报告系统十分重要和必要。数字煤田地质报告系统主要是实现基础地质资料的综合管理,其中包括各种图形、图像的处理、表格生成以及相关地质报告的提交,其过程涉及到数据管理、图形自动生成与报表统计分析等方面内容。通过研究数字煤田地质报告系统的组成结构、功能模块,将系统组成结构主要划分为数据库管理、专业图形处理、文字表格处理三部分;在功能模块上包括输入模块、编辑模块、处理分析模块和输出模块。 相似文献