共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Characteristic curves for the complete interpretation of a wide range of parameters of a vertical cylinder and a horizontal circular disc are presented. It is established that the distance of the inflexion point on the gravity profile of a vertical cylinder from the point of maximum anomaly [i.e. the origin] is approximately equal to the radius of the vertical cylinder, thus enabling one to demarcate the boundary of the vertical cylinder directly from the contour map based on the cluster of contours. Two gravity profiles, one across an anomalous zone in central Alberta, Canada and the other over Borsad area, India are interpreted by the curves presented and the results are shown. 相似文献
2.
基于近年北京地区不同区域大量明挖基坑工程地表沉降实测数据,利用理论计算与回归分析方法,对预测地表沉降的典型曲线“四点折线法”及其模型参数（斜率K及截距b）进行了反演分析,获得了不同区域地质条件下明挖基坑地表沉降预测经验参数;通过对沉降数据及经验参数的统计分析,总结了地表沉降区域变化规律,明确了参数的取值范围,并利用实测数据验证了经验参数的预测精度。结果显示:北京西部区域最大沉降点距离围护结构的水平距离相对中、东部偏大,约为基坑深度的30%,中、东部区域相对较小,均约为基坑深度的26%;地表沉降曲线形态随着区域地质条件不同而不同,四点折线图第一段直线AB的斜率K的绝对值由西向东依次增大,表明东部粉细砂地层比西部砂卵石地层沉降坡度更加明显,第二段直线BC的斜率K的绝对值东部区域比西部区域反而较小,这表明东部区域的沉降影响范围较大;参数bAB绝对值均值由西向东依次增大,表明东部粉质黏土、细沙层相对西部砂卵石地层的桩侧土体沉降值更大,约为最大沉降值的31%,中部区域为21%,西部区域仅为16%。该研究成果将为本地区明挖基坑工程地表变形预测和安全风险控制提供重要的参考依据。 相似文献
3.
Inversion of residual gravity anomalies using neural network 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Mansour A. Al-Garni 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2013,6(5):1509-1516
A new approach is presented in order to interpret residual gravity anomalies from simple geometrically shaped bodies such as horizontal cylinder, vertical cylinder, and sphere. This approach is mainly based on using modular neural network (MNN) inversion for estimating the shape factor, the depth, and the amplitude coefficient. The sigmoid function has been used as an activation function in the MNN inversion. The new approach has been tested first on synthetic data from different models using only one well-trained network. The results of this approach show that the parameter values estimated by the modular inversion are almost identical to the true parameters. Furthermore, the noise analysis has been examined where the results of the inversion produce satisfactory results up to 10% of white Gaussian noise. The reliability of this approach is demonstrated through two published real gravity field anomalies taken over a chromite deposit in Camaguey province, Cuba and over sulfide ore body, Nornada, Quebec, Canada. A comparable and acceptable agreement is obtained between the results derived by the MNN inversion method and those deduced by other interpretation methods. Furthermore, the depth obtained by the proposed technique is found to be very close to that obtained by drilling information. 相似文献
4.
基于离散余弦变换（DCT）的重力异常垂询二阶导数的计算方法是笔者提出的新方法。以无限长水平圆柱体为例研究了DCT法的计算规律：模型实验证实,该法计算的无限长水平圆柱体重力异常垂向二阶导数的精度与采样闻隔、剩余密度及圆柱体半径大小无关。与圆柱体轴心埋藏深度成正比。通过分析给出了基于DCT的合适的线性滤波方式,滤波后的重力异常垂向二阶导数与理论二阶导数拟合效果好,具有较高的计算精度。 相似文献
5.
Carbonate platform flanks: slope angle and sediment fabric 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
JEROEN A. M. KENTER 《Sedimentology》1990,37(5):777-794
More than 20 examples of fossil carbonate platform systems were compared for slope angle and sediment fabric. Plots of slope angle versus sediment fabric show that grainy, non-cohesive, mud-free sediments build steeper slopes than muddy, cohesive, sediments. Examples near the end-members of grainy and muddy carbonate platform flanks are found in the Triassic of the Dolomites in northern Italy and in the Bahamas, respectively. They document the flank geometry and the processes readjusting the slope profile once the limiting slope angle is exceeded. The grainy flank sediments in the Dolomites, modified by shearing and avalanching, produce straight slope profiles with declivities up to 35°, whereas the muddy Bahamian flank sediments, modified by large-scale creep and rotational to translational sliding and slumping, produce a concave-upwards slope profile, inclined at less than 4°. The comparison between slope angle and sediment fabric indicates that the physical behaviour of sediments in the gravity field, angle of shearing and mode of readjustment processes, is linked to the composition of the slope sediment. Among the variables such as sea-level, subsidence, climate, plate motion and oceanographic setting (windward-leeward), sediment fabric is suggested to be a major, if not the major control on slope angle and slope curvature of carbonate platform flanks. Besides the recently documented tendency of carbonate sediments to build steeper slopes than siliciclastics, this proposed relation sheds new light on the analysis and quantification of the variables influencing the geometry and depositional evolution of carbonate systems. Furthermore, it provides an opportunity to deduce sediment composition from seismic lines and predict lithology prior to drilling. 相似文献
6.
坡脚型与偏转型地震滑坡运动距离及地形因素作用 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
运动距离作为滑坡防灾减灾的主要评价指标之一,不仅受到滑坡体积和落差的控制,还与滑坡的下垫面场地的地形作用相关。通过分析坡脚型和偏转型两类典型的地震滑坡运动特征,研究了滑坡体积V、落差 、坡度差 和偏转角度 对最大垂直运动距离H、水平运动距离L以及坡脚以下或偏转后的水平运动距离 的作用。由于偏转型滑坡受偏转前、后坡度和偏转角度对运动距离的共同影响,导致 指标小于坡脚型滑坡,而两类滑坡的 的均值较为一致,表明地形因素对不同类型滑坡的水平运动参数的作用具有一致性特征。分别建立了体积、落差与地形参数的坡脚型和偏转型滑坡运动距离拟合方程。拟合方程的参数指标表明：体积对H的作用指数较小,体现了高位滑坡的运动特征; 对 的影响指数较小;坡脚型滑坡的坡度 对运动距离的影响指数都较为显著,偏转角度 对偏转型滑坡的 的影响较为显著。研究结果为滑坡运动距离的预测和地形因素控制提供了参考,并且对于坡脚型和偏转型滑坡运动距离的模拟和机制研究而言,不应忽略坡脚坡度差和偏转角度的作用。 相似文献
7.
软土地基对外部环境的变化非常敏感,附近堆载对高速铁路既有桥墩基础可能产生重大影响,必须加以控制。以某高速铁路典型桥墩为例,建立三维有限元模型,分析了实际情况下堆载对桥墩变位的影响,其结果与实测数据吻合良好;然后变化堆载与桥墩之间的距离,详细地分析了不同距离下堆载对桥墩群桩基础的内力和变位的影响。结果表明:堆载与既有桥墩的距离越远,堆载对桥墩桩基础的内力和变位的影响越小。当堆载距离d小于软土层厚度h的4倍时,随d/h的增加,桥墩水平变位下降迅速;当d/h＞4时,随d/h的增加,桥墩水平变位下降缓慢。堆载与桥墩之间的控制距离取决于堆载规模、软土厚度和埋深、桥梁上部结构正常工作条件下所能容许的最大水平变位。 相似文献
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9.
Once an earth slope is led to the limit equilibrium state by means of the finite element–strength reduction technique, a plastic zone will go through the slope from the toe to the top. Based on the observation that the critical slip surface will be within the plastic zone and be composed of the points at which the equivalent plastic strain arrives at the maximum in the vertical direction. First, some vertical lines are arranged along the horizontal direction. Then, along each of the vertical lines the point with the maximum equivalent plastic strain is found out. All such points take on a shape of wave and form the functional data. Finally, the functional data are smoothed by the least squares and the position of the critical slip surface is determined. The proposed procedure is verified through comparison with other procedures. 相似文献
10.
规则体重力异常余弦变换谱特征及反演 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
提出利用余弦变换,研究规则体重力异常谱特征及反演方法。推导出球体、无限长水平圆柱体、无限和有限延伸垂直台阶的重力异常余弦变换谱及反演表达式。球体与无限长水平圆柱体的余弦变换谱相似,无限延伸垂直台阶的变化很尖锐,有限台阶的表现为上、下有规律的跳跃。在模型反演算例中,选择了适当的采样间隔和“趋势镶边”法,反演的圆柱体线密度和轴心深度误差分别为0.25%和3.8%。 相似文献
11.
竖向直排冻结方式常用于软弱地层中斜井掘进和深基坑止水帷幕的冻结法施工中,目前国内外对该冻结方式下水平冻胀力的分布研究鲜见报导。以某斜井冻结工程为背景,推导出温度场、应力场和水分场等相似模拟准则,设计了竖向直排冻结模型试验并细化具体试验方案,利用大型三维模拟冻结试验系统,对竖向直排冻结条件下不同深度土体的水平冻胀力分布特性进行了试验研究。结果表明,竖向直排冻结过程中埋深对水平冻胀力的影响明显,在其他条件相近的情况下同一水平面中水平冻胀力的大小与温度密切相关;冻胀力的变化率主要受冻结锋面位置的影响,距离冻结锋面较近时冻胀力的变化率逐步达到峰值;已冻土体的冻胀力随冻结锋面向外发展而趋于平稳。 相似文献
12.
A new approach is developed to determine the model parameters of a two-dimensional inclined sheet from self-potential anomaly. In this method, the numerical horizontal self-potential gradient obtained from self-potential anomaly is convolved using Hilbert transform to obtain the vertical self-potential gradient. The complex gradient is the sum of horizontal and vertical gradient anomalies. The horizontal and vertical gradients are plotted in one graph to form the complex gradient graph. By defining few characteristic points and distances along the complex gradient profile, procedures are then formulated using the analytical functions of the complex gradients to obtain the model parameters of sheet-like structures. The validity of the new proposed method has been tested on synthetic data with and without random noise. The obtained parameters are in congruence with the model parameters when using noise-free synthetic data. After adding 10% random error in the synthetic data, the maximum error in model parameters is 11.8%. Moreover, the method have been applied to analyze and interpret the self-potential anomaly measured on a graphite ore body at southern Bavarian woods, Germany to prove its efficiency where an acceptable agreement has been noticed between the obtained results and the other published results. 相似文献
13.
西南地区常见碎石土-基岩斜坡地基,在此类地基上的嵌岩桩基础,其上覆土层、嵌固段基岩多为倾斜。然而岩石试样中结构面倾角改变时,岩石试样的强度也随之发生变化。故当嵌固段基岩存在层面且层面具有倾角时,往往对桩基的水平承载特性影响很大,所以基岩层面是影响嵌岩桩水平承载性能的主要因素之一。本文采用物理模型试验,通过改变嵌固段基岩层面倾角,得出嵌固段基岩不同层面倾角对于桩顶位移,桩身内力的发展规律,进而研究其对水平受荷嵌岩桩承载性能的影响。试验结果表明:在碎石土-层状基岩斜坡地基场地中,嵌固段基岩存在层面会降低嵌岩桩水平承载性能。相对于完整基岩,嵌固段层状基岩存在水平层面时,临界荷载下降了17%、最大弯矩值下降了23%、最大剪力值下降了37.5%;而嵌固段基层层面为倾斜时,嵌岩桩水平承载性能下降的更多,且层面倾角为逆向30°时比顺向30°更加不利于嵌岩桩的水平受荷;桩身最大弯矩点与最大剪力点位置随嵌固段层状基岩倾角变化影响比较小,最大弯矩点位置几乎没有变化,最大剪力点位置在嵌固段基岩层面为顺向30°与逆向30°时下降了1倍桩径。该项研究可为在不同层面倾角下的层状岩体斜坡地基上受水平荷载的嵌岩桩设计作一定的指导。 相似文献
14.
An inclination factor is proposed in this paper to enhance the accuracy of the parallel seismic method for pile length assessment when a borehole is not drilled perfectly parallel with the tested foundation. Three-dimensional axisymmetric finite element models were performed to show the effects of the inclined angles of the borehole. A series of parametric studies, including the pile length, the borehole distance, and the wave propagation velocity of the soil, were also carried out to investigate their effects on the derived modified factor for pile length prediction. The results from the numerical models show that the estimated error (5–20%) of the pile lengths increases with the increasing inclined angles, and can be reduced to less than 5% when the derived inclination factor is considered. In addition, the slope of the top fitted straight line in the first arrival time versus depth plot does not represent the true P-wave velocity of the tested structure if the borehole is not perfectly parallel with the pile foundation and use of this value to determine the quality of the tested pile foundation would be unsuitable. However, this unreasonable value of the P-wave velocity of the tested pile can be used as a guide, representing the inclination of the borehole. 相似文献
15.
城市轨道交通造成环境的振动“污染”不容忽视。通过现场测试和理论分析,得到南京地面轨道交通运行引起的大地竖向振动加速度幅值、频率随距离轨道中心线不同位置的衰减规律,即随着与轨道水平距离的增加,大地竖向振动加速度幅值总的趋势表现为逐渐减弱,但在距离轨道中心线20～30 m之间振动幅值有所反弹;振动加速度的频率集中在0～ 100 Hz,最大值出现在30～80 Hz左右,随着与轨道水平距离的增加,各频率的振动信号分量总的趋势是减弱,且频率愈高衰减愈快。基于“北京交通大学”预测公式,建立包含受振点距离、地基土性质、列车速度3个参数的南京地面轨道交通运行引起大地振动的预测模型,与实测数据相比,吻合较好。 相似文献
16.
Ernesto Ausilio 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2014,32(4):885-899
This paper investigates the performance of geo-reinforced soil structures subjected to loading applied to strip footings positioned close to a slope crest. The kinematic theorem of limit analysis, which is based on the upper bound theory of plasticity, is applied for evaluating the ultimate bearing capacity within the framework of pseudo-static approach to account for earthquake effects. The mechanism considered in this analysis is a logarithmic spiral failure surface, which is assumed to start at the edge of the loaded area far from the slope, consistent with the observed failure mechanisms shown in the experimental tests reported in the literature. A parametric study is then carried out to investigate the influence of various parameters including the geosynthetic configuration, backfill soil friction angle, footing distances from the crest of the slope, slope angles and horizontal seismic coefficients. Attention is paid to the failure mechanism because its maximum depth is the depth at least to which the reinforcements must be placed. Results of the analyses are presented in the form of non-dimensional design charts for practical use. Finally, a simple procedure based on the assessment of earthquake-induced permanent displacements is shown for the design of footing resting on reinforced slopes subjected to earthquake. 相似文献
17.
运用结构分析法、关键块体分析法和工程地质类比法定性评价边坡稳定性,抽取边坡岩体破坏模式。根据自制简易纵剖面仪现场绘制了结构面表面轮廓曲线,运用修正直边法和JRC—JCS模型定向统计估算结构面抗剪强度。通过对比验证定向统计估算结果与试验结果,确定计算参数取值标准。在以上两方面研究的基础上,建立边坡极限平衡计算模型,进行边坡破坏概率计算。最后,对边坡稳定性进行了综合评价。 相似文献
18.
在富水软岩地层中进行盾构掘进施工过程时,围岩应力状态会发生变化。准确掌握其变化规律,有利于采取合适的处置方法,避免发生斜井垮塌涌水和卡盾抱箍等工程事故。以往研究一般只考虑盾构、斜井和软岩中的一个或两个条件,也未对有无渗流两种工况进行对比,并较少涉及不同埋深条件下坡度的影响。文章采用有限元计算模型研究盾构在富水软弱地层中掘进过程中围岩的力学特性,通过选择若干观测断面进行监测,得出软岩整体呈现“横鸭蛋式”椭圆形变化趋势,且顶部比两侧和底部更容易受到施工扰动,在渗流条件下该趋势得到加强;设定5种埋深和5种斜井坡度条件,模拟盾构在掘进过程中不同条件下顶部和侧向监测点的位移,结果显示:盾构洞周拱顶竖向位移一般大于两侧水平位移;当斜井纵坡坡度<4°时,盾构顶部监测点竖向位移与侧向监测点水平位移相差较小,但均随斜井埋深的增大而增大;坡度超过4°后,盾构掘进引起的顶部竖向位移与侧向水平位移间差值随着埋深的增加而逐渐增大。 相似文献
19.
利用DCT法计算重力归一化总梯度 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用重力归一化总梯度方法可以寻找场源位置,通过“两高夹一低”的典型场特征可以检测油气构造,传统的方法主要采用的是别列兹金法（即傅立叶级数法）和傅立叶变换法。利用DCT法计算重力归一化总梯度是最新研究方法。从理论上给出了基于DCT的重力异常转换公式,进而研究了无限长水平圆柱体、三度体非含油气球冠以及储油球冠模型GH场特征。模型实验证实：随着地质体埋深的增大,谐波数会逐渐减小,GH场奇点极大值向下移动,且呈现线性衰减的特征;储油球冠GH场等值线表现出明显的“两高夹一低”的储油气藏典型标志;用DCT法计算的GH场具有优良的稳定性,而且能够增加向下延拓的计算深度。 相似文献
20.
基坑开挖对近邻运营地铁隧道影响规律研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对某邻近基坑开挖的地铁隧道的水平位移和沉降的时空分布做了深入分析。由于软土的蠕变效应,应考虑基坑分块开挖的先后顺序造成的时空效应的影响,以及基坑围护体系的水平支撑结构对土体位移的限制作用。基坑开挖对邻近地铁隧道的影响范围为2.5倍开挖深度,而对于远基坑的右线,影响范围更低,甚至低至1.5倍开挖深度。将基坑和隧道的监测数据联系分析,得到比值与水平距离的关系曲线,将基坑监测数据代入拟合公式,对地铁水平和垂直位移进行估算。隧道水平位移与邻近的同深度土体水平位移的比值（?）,其最大累计位移点的? 较多地处在0.60～0.65范围,在底板浇筑都已完成后,稳定在0.60。隧道沉降与邻近地表沉降的比值（?）,其最大累计沉降点的?,较多地处在0.50～0.60间,底板浇筑完成后,稳定在0.52±0.05水平。 相似文献