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为探讨贵州下寒武统黑色岩系中铂族元素物质来源及钼-镍、钒多金属形成的沉积环境与成矿作用,在钼-镍、钒多金属层及其顶底页岩、底部硅质岩中采集样品测试分析。通过对样品中金、铂族元素含量(质量分数)及其地球化学特征值研究,结果表明：黑色岩系中金及铂族元素含量显示协同变化特征;Pd富集,Ru、Ir亏损明显,Pt、Rh、Os基本持平或略有变化;样品的原始地幔标准值标准化模式配分曲线从Os、Ru、Rh、Ir、Pt到Pd大致呈“W”型,配分曲线略呈左倾,总体上呈现w(Pd)>w(Pt)>w(Os)>w(Rh)>w(Ru)>w(Ir)的变化关系;黑色岩系铂族元素来源与正常海水及海底热水喷流作用关系密切,地外来源可能性极小;黑色岩系钼-镍、钒多金属层中铂族元素的富集存在单独成矿作用或成矿作用的叠加,而且在钒多金属层内局部存在分层或条带分异。 相似文献
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贵州遵义和湖南张家界黑色岩系中的矿物组合非常复杂,用X射线衍射仪分析并结合前人的研究成果,显示其中的硫化物矿物、粘土矿物和有机质含量较高;经破碎和分选流程对样品进行处理后,用ICP-MS方法测定了黑色页岩和分选后样品中的铂族元素含量,对贵州遵义和湖南张家界黑色岩系中的铂族元素赋存特征进行研究,结果表明:贵州遵义和湖南张家界的黑色页岩系中赋存高含量的铂族元素,且含量表现较高的稳定性;低温氧化条件下,铂族元素的化学活动性足以使之以相当规模活化、迁移并在还原条件下沉淀富集;经强风化淋滤作用,富含碳硫钼矿黑色页岩中铂族各元素含量都有不同程度的降低;绝大部分的铂族元素富集于黑色页岩的有机质和黄铁矿中;铂族元素的分布模式具规律性,铂族元素的明显分异说明此黑色页岩的分布模式不具有地外物质的特征。 相似文献
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《矿物学报》2017,(4)
北大巴山城口地区广泛发育富集V、Ag、Se等多种元素的下寒武统黑色岩系,但是否存在铂族元素矿化以及来源一直存在争议。本文利用ICP-MS方法测定了城口地区孙家坝剖面下寒武统鲁家坪组(对应牛蹄塘组)黑色岩系多金属富集层的铂族元素(PGE)、Au和Ag含量,在判断铂族元素异常的基础上,利用铂族元素地球化学特征探讨其来源。结果表明,该剖面黑色岩系样品具有较高的PGE含量(32.2~142.5 ng/g),平均88.9 ng/g,与上地壳平均值对比具有明显的PGE富集特征;同时金、银也具有较高的含量,平均值分别为40.2 ng/g和31.7μg/g。铂族元素配分模式表现为相对富集Pd、Pt、Os、Ru,亏损Ir、Rh,依据Ir含量以及与球粒陨石的对比分析,认为鲁家坪组黑色岩系PGE不具备地外物质来源。铂族元素球粒陨石标准化配分模式、PGE含量顺序及铂族元素相关图解显示其来源可能与海底热水作用关系密切。有机碳和PGE含量之间没有明显相关性,表明有机质可能是通过改变氧化还原条件导致PGE进一步富集。城口地区埃迪卡拉纪-寒武纪过渡阶段海底热水作用和PGE异常的识别不仅对于理解黑色岩系型矿床的成因,而且对全球重大事件如寒武纪生命大爆发的认识都具有重要意义。 相似文献
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分布在东昆仑山南坡青海省大干沟地区的浩特洛哇组黑色岩系,属陆缘裂陷滨海—浅海相沉积的碎屑岩—碳酸盐岩建造,形成于缺氧环境。区内的大干沟钒钼矿床、大干沟口V-MoPGE矿床均赋存于浩特洛哇组(C2P1h)中,矿体均为层状、似层状,具层控特征。近年工作在大干沟口浩特洛哇组碳质板岩中发现了Mo、Au等元素的化探异常,通过少量的槽探及钻探工程控制钒钼矿体8个;钻孔ZK001、ZK701中均见Pd矿化,w(Pd)=0.03×10~(-6)~0.16×10~(-6),达到伴生矿床工业开采品位。大干沟黑色岩系中伴生铂族元素的发现,给青海省柴南缘地区非传统类型的铂族元素矿床的找矿突破带了希望,与黑色岩系有关的V-Mo-PGE矿产找矿前景光明。 相似文献
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四川攀枝花云鹿铜铂金矿区是一个新发现的比较罕见的新类型含铂族元素矿床,其特殊性至少表现为矿化体赋存在炭质岩系中、炭质岩系中富含镁电气石(MgO含量7.68%～8.64%,平均8.15%)、表生过程中低温条件下铂族元素发生了活化转移(含铜钟乳石中含PGE 0.14×10-6).铂族元素的最初富集可能与元古宙的海底喷气活动有关.此类铂族元素的矿化在国内外罕见,有可能是第一次发现,但类似的成矿地质条件在中国西南地区普遍存在,应该在今后的地质研究与找矿过程中加以注意. 相似文献
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对云南东川－曲靖地区钯元素成矿地质背景的分析和水系沉积物铂钯元素地球化学特征的研究表明,该区Pt,Pd元素背景高,异常密集,强度大,异常主要受地层,构造和古火山机构的综合控制,呈NE向成带分布和EW向成串出现,该区铂族元素成矿地质条件有利,具有一定的找矿前景,要同时重视找寻与峨嵋山玄武岩有关和与黑色岩系有关的两类铂族矿床。 相似文献
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内蒙古狼山—渣尔泰山地区与黑色岩系有关的铂族元素矿床找矿前景 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
铂族元素(PGE)为中国急缺的矿产资源。近年来,国外(如俄罗斯)在黑色岩系内发现了非传统类型的PGE矿床,中国南方也发现了与黑色岩系有关的PGE矿化。黑色岩系将成为PGE和稀有金属的一种新来源。内蒙古中西部狼山—渣尔泰山地区属中元古代裂谷系,具有类似的区域成矿构造背景,黑色岩系极为发育,并在黑色岩系分布区发现有砂铂矿床、PGE重砂异常及一系列与黑色岩系有关的金铜多金属矿床等良好的找矿线索,具有寻找与黑色岩系有关的PGE矿床的找矿前景。 相似文献
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CSAMT 法在辽西康杖子区深部探矿中的应用 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
可控源音频大地电磁法(CSAMT)具有探测深度大、横向分辨率高、抗干扰能力强的特点,在深部找矿勘探中有着重要的指导意义。肖家营子铜钼矿床是辽西地区一个大型矽卡岩型金属矿床,大部分矿体是隐伏矿体,矿区外围的康杖子区与本区有相似的成矿地质环境,成矿地质条件优越.矿体与围岩电性差异明显,通过应用CSAMT,矿体具有低电阻特点,根据成果推断解释,对深部有利成矿部位进行了钻探验证,取得了理想的探矿效果,在矿区外围取得第二深度空间找矿重大突破。 相似文献
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Julie Okpala 《GeoJournal》1990,20(1):37-43
This paper traces the development of geographic education in Nigeria and examines the views of geographers, other academics,
students and the public at large about the importance of geography. Geography's value is immense despite the non-professional
nature of the discipline. Nevertheless, there is a need to define geography's status and ensure career prospects for students.
The Nigerian Geographical Association (from classroom teaachers to top geographers) must promote geography, improve its status
in schools and universities, and continuously restructure its content and methods to address pertinent social needs. 相似文献
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Trends in landslide occurrence in Nepal 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
David N. Petley Gareth J. Hearn Andrew Hart Nicholas J. Rosser Stuart A. Dunning Katie Oven Wishart A. Mitchell 《Natural Hazards》2007,43(1):23-44
Nepal is a mountainous, less developed kingdom that straddles the boundary between the Indian and Himalayan tectonic plates.
In Nepal, landslides represent a major constraint on development, causing high levels of economic loss and substantial numbers
of fatalities each year. There is a general consensus that the impacts of landslides in countries such as Nepal are increasing
with time, but until now there has been little or no quantitative data to support this view, or to explain the causes of the
increases. In this paper, a database of landslide fatalities in Nepal has been compiled and analysed for the period 1978–2005.
The database suggests that there is a high level of variability in the occurrence of landslides from year to year, but that
the overall trend is upward. Analyses of the trends in the data suggest that there is a cyclicity in the occurrence of landslide
fatalities that strongly mirrors the cyclicity observed in the SW (summer) monsoon in South Asia. Perhaps surprisingly the
relationship is inverse, but this is explained through an inverse relationship between monsoon strength and the amount of
precipitation in the Hill District areas of Nepal. It is also clear that in recent years the number of fatalities has increased
dramatically over and above the effects of the monsoon cycle. Three explanations are explored for this: land-use change, the
effects of the ongoing civil war in Nepal, and road building. It is concluded that a major component of the generally upward
trend in landslide impact probably results from the rural road-building programme, and its attendant changes to physical and
natural systems. 相似文献
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2010年,美国铀矿总共施工7 209个钻孔,总进尺1 493 520 m;生产铀1 628.55 t;铀矿业总支出费用为2.773亿美元,其中铀矿地勘费支出为3 450万美元,占铀矿业总费用的12.44%。铀矿地勘钻探费用为4 460万美元,占铀矿业总费用的16.08%。 相似文献
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硫代砷是富硫化物地下水中砷的重要形态,对环境和人类健康有潜在威胁。目前硫代砷研究程度尚低,本次主要针对国内外地下水（地热水）中硫代砷的存在形态,水文—生物—环境地球化学过程,样品保存,定量检测方法等方面进行研究。结论如下:pH, 氧化还原电位,硫化物含量和微生物作用等是影响地下水中硫代砷稳定存在和形态分布的重要因素。含铁矿物能与水中的硫代砷形成配位键对其进行吸附,吸附性普遍弱于（亚）砷酸盐,因此,地下水中硫代砷可能表现出更强的迁移性。用于硫代砷检测的自然水样在采集中可采取过滤,速冻,厌氧和低温短期保存的操作流程,以减缓该形态的转化甚至消失。色谱联用ICP-MS系统可用于自然水样中硫代砷的分离定量检测,紫外—可见分光光度法和X射线吸收光谱法在不同场景下也可对硫代砷进行定量和表征分析。地热水和浅层地下水中均可能存在硫代砷,由于水样中硫代砷的不稳定性,室内检测和分析难以准确反映现场过程,因此,野外样品保存技术和现场检测方法的更新可能在未来有更大研究空间,值得进一步探索。 相似文献
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Takeshi Nose Dr. 《GeoJournal》1985,10(3):261-276
Conclusions During the last ten years, aquaculture, especially mariculture has undergone remarkable expansion to counter-balance the gap between the supply and demand of fishery products in Japan. Its expansion has also been supported by the traditional preference of the Japanese people for seafood. Mariculture is now being forced to change its structure due to adverse economic circumstances such as the rise in the cost of energy, feeds and other materials for culture, low market prices, deterioration of environmental conditions, and many other factors. Before these constraints can be resolved, advanced scientific knowledge and technologies must be integrated to develop new types of aquaculture. Expansion of maricultural activities to more open-sea and off shore areas would be one route to follow. Technologies for the development of formulated diets not only for young but also for adults and larvae, establishment of feeding standards, prevention of epizootic diseases must support the establishment of modern aquaculture.The culture-based fisheries, or marine ranching, is becoming a subject for further development in Japan. Much research work has been conducted with a great degree of governmental support. Establishment of a net work of seedstock production farms has made it possible to carry out releasing experiments on a large scale. A newly integrated restoration system could be developed on the basis of these experiments, even though the profits resulting from the artificial restoration of stocks is not thouroughly verified at present. The commencement of a national scheme for culture-based fisheries would be a manifestation of the enthusiasm of the Japanese fish industry. 相似文献
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Radon is a radioactive gas emanating naturally from uranium rich granites and shales. It may be emitted from the ground surface into the atmosphere as a gas, or it may be dissolved into stream water and transported over distance. The levels of radon gas in soils at ground surface depend on a number of factors relating to the source of the gas and to its transmission. Igneous rocks contain the highest mean concentrations of radium and uranium. The depth of cover is relevant also. Surveys over the years by the National Radiological Protection Board (NRPB) and others have indicated that the highest concentrations in the United Kingdom occur in Cornwall, Devon and northeast Scotland. However, recent reports have indicated that high concentrations of the gas may be detected in small pockets in counties outside of those considered at high risk. This survey relates to a series of measurements taken in and around Darlington, County Durham. The results showed the presence of small areas with strong concentrations of radon in soil gas, but only minor levels of dissolved gas in stream waters. 相似文献
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内蒙古苏尼特地下水氟污染形成机理研究 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
为了研究内蒙古苏尼特地区地下水氟污染机理,本文运用水文地球化学分类方法,从水文地质、水化学特征两方面研究其地下水的水质特征、氟的起源、分布规律及污染形成机理。研究结果发现:高氟地下水的主要水质类型为HCO3—Na型,pH值在7.08～9.38之间,氟浓度与井深有关,即井越浅,氟浓度越高;地下水中氟浓度最高达14.78mg/L,5～9月地下水氟浓度相对增长率在7.8～23.1之间;F-浓度与Li+、Br-相关系数达0.89和0.82,受断层影响的深层地下水中F-浓度几乎与Li+、Br-没有相关关系,这暗示着氟来源于浅部,并受到强烈的蒸发作用影响而使水中的氟浓缩;地质调查发现该地区还有数个萤石矿存在,显微镜分析结果证实表层土壤中普遍存在CaF2,地下水中的氟来自CaF2。高氟地下水存在于潜水层,深部含水层的地下水可供开采。从断层带涌出的水对潜水层有稀释作用。 相似文献