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1.
Chemo‐thermo‐mechanically coupled seismic analysis of methane hydrate‐bearing sediments during a predicted Nankai Trough Earthquake 
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下载免费PDF全文 In the present study, we have developed a numerical method which can simulate the dynamic behaviour of a seabed ground during gas production from methane hydrate‐bearing sediments. The proposed method can describe the chemo‐thermo‐mechanical‐seismic coupled behaviours, such as phase changes from hydrates to water and gas, temperature changes and ground deformation related to the flow of pore fluids during earthquakes. In the first part of the present study, the governing equations for the proposed method and its discretization are presented. Then, numerical analyses are performed for hydrate‐bearing sediments in order to investigate the dynamic behaviour during gas production. The geological conditions and the material parameters are determined using the data of the seabed ground at Daini‐Atsumi knoll, Eastern Nankai Trough, Japan, where the first offshore production test of methane hydrates was conducted. A predicted earthquake at the site is used in the analyses. Regarding the seismic response to the earthquake which occur during gas production process, the wave profiles of horizontal acceleration and horizontal velocity were not extensively affected by the gas production. Hydrate dissociation behaviour is sensitive to changes in the pore pressure during earthquakes. Methane hydrate dissociation temporarily became active in some areas because of the main motion of the earthquake, then methane hydrate dissociation brought about an increase in the average pressure of the fluids during the earthquake. And, it was this increase in average pore pressure that finally caused the methane hydrate dissociation to cease during the earthquake. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
2.
天然气水合物是未来极具潜力的新型高效清洁替代能源。在分析水合物开采面临的瓶颈问题的基础上,提出了一种全新的天然气水合物开采方法——原位补热降压充填开采法。该方法将氧化钙(CaO)粉末注入天然水合物储层,降压开采天然气,天然气水合物分解产生的水和氧化钙粉末迅速反应,产生的大量热量补充天然气水合物的分解热。本文利用基于有限体积法的新型天然气水合物模拟器,构建三维地质模型对该方法进行产能数值模拟评价。模拟结果表明相较于常规水平井方法以及水平井结合压裂开采方案,该方法对生产的促进效应明显,尤其是与水平井结合压裂开采方案相比该方法的累积产气量明显提高,但累积产水量没有显著变化,开采效率显著提升。施工工艺中裂缝等效渗透率和氧化钙注入量两个关键参数的敏感性分析结果表明在压裂过程中,压裂技术的增产效果会随着等效渗透率的提高而逐渐减弱。除此之外,氧化钙注入量越大,增产效应越明显,并且提高氧化钙注入量只会提高产气量,不会显著提高产水量,所以理论上注入量越大,产气效率越高。与此同时,该方法在不同渗透性能的天然气水合物储层中均有一定的适用性,其中针对低渗储层的促进效应更为显著。综合上述结论,本文从三维模型理论计算的角度定量化验证了原位补热降压充填开采方法的潜在价值,期待为将来的水合物试采工作提供一定参考。 相似文献
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含天然气水合物沉积物分解过程的有限元模拟 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
温度和压力的变化会引起含天然气水合物沉积物的分解,其过程伴随着相态转换、孔隙水压力和气压力耗散、热传导、骨架变形等过程的相互耦合作用。基于多孔介质理论建立了描述含天然气水合物沉积物分解过程的数学模型,考虑了水合物分解产生的水、气流动、水合物相变和分解动力学过程、热传导、骨架变形等过程的耦合作用。基于有限元法,建立了模拟水合物分解过程的数值模型,并编制了计算机分析程序。通过对降压法和升温法开采过程的数值模拟,揭示了在水合物分解过程中沉积物储层的变形、压力、温度等因素的变化规律。结果表明：降压法和升温法都会导致储层变形以及产生超孔隙压力,但两种方法作用效果不同;同时,水合物分解过程包含渗流及热传导作用。 相似文献
4.
推进天然气水合物资源开采是我国能源战略的重要任务。层状赋存形态的含水合物沉积物在目标开采储层中普遍存在,水合物开采引起的沉积物层扰动会直接诱发剪切变形影响储层的稳定性,严重制约水合物资源的安全开采。现有水合物沉积物的本构表征主要基于空间均匀分布、各向同性的材料特征假设,缺少考虑水合物沉积物的强非线性力学特性受层状赋存形态影响的本构表征方法,无法准确预测目标开采储层的应力-应变规律。本文采用均匀化理论,基于每层沉积物的弹塑性刚度矩阵构建层状形态代表体积单元的宏细观控制方程,建立了层状赋存含水合物沉积物的本构表征方法。代表体积单元内每层的沉积物模型参数可基于均质含水合物沉积物试样的三轴试验标定获取。通过将层状本构模型预测和层状沉积物三轴试验以及数值试验的应力-应变关系对比验证,本研究提出的层状本构模型可准确描述原位储层中层状赋存含水合沉积物的力学行为。 相似文献
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海底水合物矿藏降压开采与甲烷气体扩散过程的数值模拟 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
在深海条件下采用单井降压法开采的天然气水合物矿藏中,利用TOUGH+HYDRATE软件对其开采过程和甲烷气体扩散过程进行数值模拟。物理模型由上至下依次为上盖层、水合物沉积层和下盖层。将上、下盖层外边界的温度设为恒定,与含水合物沉积层之间有热量和质量交换,数值模型采用二维圆柱坐标网格。模拟结果表明开采过程中井口产气速率是一个升高—降低—波动升高的过程,水合物分解产生的气体有一部分通过上盖层溢出,能在一定程度上增加大气中温室气体的量。开采初期水合物分解速率降低的主要原因是水合物分解产生的甲烷气体在地层中大量累积,开采后期水合物分解速率产生波动的主要原因是发生"气穴现象"。井口附近由于压力变化较快水合物分解最为剧烈,其附近有个低温区存在。上、下盖层附近水合物分解速率也较快。 相似文献
6.
基于微观胶结厚度模型的深海能源土宏观力学特性离散元分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
首先,引入蒋明镜等提出的考虑水合物胶结厚度的深海能源土粒间微观胶结模型,用以反映能源土颗粒之间水合物微观胶结接触力学特性;其次,采用C++语言将模型程序化,并将其引入离散单元法中;然后,对选定的水合物饱和度经过实际二维离散元模拟调算,得出相应的水合物胶结尺寸,以修正水合物临界胶结厚度、最小胶结厚度及胶结宽度,进而确定水合物微观胶结参数;最后,根据所确定的胶结参数,针对不同水合物饱和度试样进行能源土宏观力学特性离散元双轴试验模拟,并从应力-应变、体变、剪胀角等方面与Masui等所进行的能源土室内三轴试验进行对比分析。结果表明：采用考虑粒间胶结厚度的水合物微观胶结模型,能够定性反映深海能源土的宏观力学特性,能源土试样的峰值强度、黏聚力和剪胀角均随水合物饱和度的增加而增加,但水合物饱和度对内摩擦角的影响规律不明朗;能源土试样的峰值强度、残余强度及体积剪缩量随着有效围压的增大而增大;剪胀角随有效围压的增大而减小。 相似文献
7.
It has been reported that sand production, which is a simultaneous production of soil particles along with gas and water into a production well, forced to terminate the operation during the world's first offshore methane production test from hydrate-bearing sediments in the Eastern Nankai Tough. The sand production is induced by internal erosion, which is the detachment and migration of soil particles from soil skeleton due to seepage flow. The inflow of the eroded soil particles into the production well leads to damage of the production devices. In the present study, a numerical model to predict the chemo-thermo-mechanically coupled behavior including internal erosion during hydrate dissociation has been formulated based on the multiphase mixture theory. In the proposed model, the internal erosion is expressed as mass transition of soil particles from soil skeleton to the fluidized soil particles. Since the internal erosion is considered to depend on the soil particle size, mass of soil particles are divided into several groups that have different representative particle diameters, and the constitutive equations for the onset condition and the mass transition rate of the internal erosion are formulated for each group. Also, transportation of soil particles in the liquid phase is formulated for each particle size group in the proposed model. Finally, a simulation of the methane gas production from the hydrate-bearing sediment by depressurization method is presented, and the internal erosion and the dissociation behavior are discussed. 相似文献
8.
A numerical simulation is presented for three-dimensional three-phase fluid flow in a deforming saturated oil reservoir. The mathematical formulation describes a fully coupled governing equation systen which consists of the equilibrium and continuity equations for three immiscible fluids flowing in a porous medium. An elastoplastic soil model, based on a Mohr–Coulomb yield surface, is used. The finite element method is applied to obtain simultaneous solutions to the governing equations where displacement and fluid pressures are the primary unknowns. The final discretized equations are solved by a direct solver using fully implicit procedures. The developed model is used to investigate the problems of three-phase fluid flow in a deforming saturated oil reservoir. 相似文献
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10.
Methane hydrate‐bearing sediments exist throughout the world in continental margins and in Arctic permafrost. Hydrates are ice‐like compounds when dissociate due to temperature rise or reduction in fluid pressure, release gas. Because of the mechanical property changes caused by dissociation in which the loads supported by the hydrates are transferred to soil grains, these sediments may become unstable. To quantify the risk of ground instability triggered by dissociation, which may happen during operation to extract methane gas or from climate changes, a reliable predictive model is indispensable. Even though many models have been proposed, a detailed validation of the ability to model dissociation impact is still needed. This study investigated the adequacy of an spatially mobilized plane constitutive model and a modeling framework using laboratory‐induced dissociation tests under shear from literature. Using laboratory‐imposed temperature and pressure changes and the resulting hydrate saturation changes as input, this study was able to capture the geomechanical responses and determine the stability state of methane hydrate‐bearing sediments as observed. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
11.
Natural gas hydrate (NGH) is an important future resource for the 21st century and a strategic resource with potential for commercial development in the third energy transition. It is of great significance to accurately predict the productivity of hydrate-bearing sediments (HBS). The multi-phase seepage parameters of HBS include permeability, porosity, which is closely related to permeability, and hydrate saturation, which has a direct impact on hydrate content. Existing research has shown that these multi-phase seepage parameters have a great impact on HBS productivity. Permeability directly affects the transmission of pressure-drop and discharge of methane gas, porosity and initial hydrate saturation affect the amount of hydrate decomposition and transmission process of pressure-drop, and also indirectly affect temperature variation of the reservoir. Considering the spatial heterogeneity of multi-phase seepage parameters, a depressurization production model with layered heterogeneity is established based on the clayey silt hydrate reservoir at W11 station in the Shenhu Sea area of the South China Sea. Tough + Hydrate software was used to calculate the production model; the process of gas production and seepage parameter evolution under different multi-phase seepage conditions were obtained. A sensitivity analysis of the parameters affecting the reservoir productivity was conducted so that: (a) a HBS model with layered heterogeneity can better describe the transmission process of pressure and thermal compensation mechanism of hydrate reservoir; (b) considering the multi-phase seepage parameter heterogeneity, the influence degrees of the parameters on HBS productivity were permeability, porosity and initial hydrate saturation, in order from large to small, and the influence of permeability was significantly greater than that of other parameters; (c) the production potential of the clayey silt reservoir should not only be determined by hydrate content or seepage capacity, but also by the comprehensive effect of the two; and (d) time scales need to be considered when studying the effects of changes in multi-phase seepage parameters on HBS productivity. 相似文献
12.
With the implementation of the production tests in permafrost and offshore regions in Canada, US, Japan, and China, the study of natural gas hydrate has progressed into the stage of technology development for industrial exploitation. The depressurization method is considered as a better strategy to produce gas from hydrate reservoirs based on production tests and laboratory experiments. Multi-well production is proposed to improve gas production efficiency, to meet the requirement for industrial production. For evaluating the applicability of multi-well production to hydrate exploitation, a 2D model is established, with numerical simulations of the performance of the multi-well pattern carried out. To understand the dissociation behavior of gas hydrate, the pressure and temperature distributions in the hydrate reservoir are specified, and the change in permeability of reservoir sediments is investigated. The results obtained indicate that multi-well production can improve the well connectivity, accelerate hydrate dissociation, enhance gas production rate and reduce water production as compared with single-well production. 相似文献
13.
【研究目的】中国地质调查局先后于2017年、2020年在南海北部神狐海域成功实施两轮水合物试采,创造了产气时间最长、产气总量最大、日均产气量最高等多项世界纪录,了解和掌握南海天然气水合物开采储层相变与渗流机理,有助于进一步揭示该类型水合物分解机理、产出规律、增产机制等,可为中国海域水合物资源规模高效开采提供理论基础。【研究方法】基于两轮试采实践,笔者通过深入研究发现,储层结构表征、水合物相变、多相渗流与增渗、产能模拟与调控是制约水合物分解产气效率的重要因素。【研究结果】研究表明,南海水合物相变具有分解温度低,易在储层内形成二次水合物等特点,是由渗流场-应力场-温度场-化学场共同作用的复杂系统;多相渗流作用主要受控于未固结储层的物性特征、水合物相变、开采方式等多元因素影响,具有较强的甲烷吸附性、绝对渗透率易突变、气相流动能力弱等特点;围绕南海水合物长期、稳定、高效开采目标,需要在初始储层改造基础上,通过实施储层二次改造,进一步优化提高储层渗流能力,实现增渗扩产目的。【结论】随着天然气水合物产业化进程不断向前推进,还需要着力解决大规模长时间产气过程中温度压力微观变化及物质能源交换响应机制以及水合物高效分解、二次生成边界条件等难题。创新点：南海水合物相变是由渗流场-应力场-温度场-化学场共同作用的复杂系统;南海泥质粉砂储层具有较强的甲烷吸附性、绝对渗透率易突变、气相流动能力弱等特点,多相渗流机理复杂。 相似文献
14.
松散沉积物中天然气水合物生成、分解过程与声学特性的实验研究 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
为了解松散沉积物中天然气水合物的生成和分解规律以及水合物对沉积物声学特性的影响,在粒径为0.18~0.28mm天然沙中进行了甲烷水合物的生成和分解实验,并利用超声波探测技术和时域反射技术实时测量了反应体系的声学参数与含水量。结果表明:根据水合物的生成和分解速率,可将水合物的生成过程分为初始生长期、快速生长期和稳定期3个阶段,分解过程可分为初始分解期和样品表层水合物快速分解期以及样品内、外层水合物均快速分解期3个阶段;由温度和压力数据的分析,得出水合物先在沉积物表层生长,然后在沉积物内、外层迅速生成;由水合物分解过程3个阶段的平均分解率,得出水合物的分解是一个由慢到快的过程。对声学参数的研究表明:水合物在松散沉积物中先胶结骨架颗粒而生成,使纵波速度和声波衰减在饱和度0~1%之间陡然增大;随后水合物开始在沉积物孔隙中形成悬浮粒子,造成超声波信号在饱和度1%~90%间淬熄,声波速度无法获取。研究结果在揭示沉积物中水合物与颗粒间接触机制的同时,为海上地球物理勘探中地震信号的解释提供了新的思路。 相似文献
15.
深海能源土是指含天然气水合物（俗称"可燃冰"）的深海沉积物,其本构特性的模拟对可燃冰的安全开采至关重要。首先分析了水合物对能源土强度、剪胀和软化等力学特性的影响机理,水合物饱和度越大,对能源土力学特性影响越显著。然后在修正剑桥模型的基础上,通过引入水合物的饱和度和统一硬化参数来修正屈服函数,以反映水合物对能源土强度、剪胀、软化等特性的影响,建立了能考虑天然气水合物胶结作用形成及退化影响的深海能源土弹塑性本构模型,推导了相应的弹塑性矩阵。最后,通过模拟结果与已有能源土三轴试验数据对比分析,表明模型能很好地预测能源土强度、剪胀和软化等特性,验证了模型的合理性和有效性。 相似文献
16.
《China Geology》2020,3(3):362-368
Gas hydrate is one kind of potential energy resources that is buried under deep seafloor or frozen areas. The first trial offshore production from the silty reservoir was conducted in the South China Sea by the China Geological Survey (CGS). During this test, there were many unique characteristics different from the sand reservoir, which was believed to be related to the clayed silt physical properties. In this paper, simulation experiments, facilities analysis, and theoretical calculation were used to confirm the hydrate structure, reservoir thermo-physical property, and bond water movement rule. And the behavior of how they affected production efficiency was analyzed. The results showed that: It was reasonable to use the structure I rather than structure II methane hydrate phase equilibrium data to make the production plan; the dissociation heat absorbed by hydrate was large enough to cause hydrate self-protection or reformation depend on the reservoir thermal transfer and gas supply; clayed silt got better thermal conductivity compared to coarse grain, but poor thermal convection especially with hydrate; clayed silt sediment was easy to bond water, but the irreducible water can be exchanged to free water under high production pressure, and the most obvious pressure range of water increment was 1.9–4.9 MPa. 相似文献
17.
Natural gas hydrates (NGHs) are globally recognized as an important type of strategic alternative energy due to their high combustion efficiency, cleanness, and large amounts of resources. The NGHs reservoirs in the South China Sea (SCS) mainly consist of clayey silts. NGHs reservoirs of this type boast the largest distribution range and the highest percentage of resources among NGHs reservoirs in the world. However, they are more difficult to exploit than sandy reservoirs. The China Geological Survey successfully carried out two NGHs production tests in the Shenhu Area in the northern SCS in 2017 and 2020, setting multiple world records, such as the longest gas production time, the highest total gas production, and the highest average daily gas production, as well as achieving a series of innovative theoretical results. As suggested by the in-depth research on the two production tests, key factors that restrict the gas production efficiency of hydrate dissociation include reservoir structure characterization, hydrate phase transition, multiphase seepage and permeability enhancement, and the simulation and regulation of production capacity, among which the hydrate phase transition and seepage mechanism are crucial. Study results reveal that the hydrate phase transition in the SCS is characterized by low dissociation temperature, is prone to produce secondary hydrates in the reservoirs, and is a complex process under the combined effects of the seepage, stress, temperature, and chemical fields. The multiphase seepage is controlled by multiple factors such as the physical properties of unconsolidated reservoirs, the hydrate phase transition, and exploitation methods and is characterized by strong methane adsorption, abrupt changes in absolute permeability, and the weak flow capacity of gas. To ensure the long-term, stable, and efficient NGHs exploitation in the SCS, it is necessary to further enhance the reservoir seepage capacity and increase gas production through secondary reservoir stimulation based on initial reservoir stimulation. With the constant progress in the NGHs industrialization, great efforts should be made to tackle the difficulties, such as determining the micro-change in temperature and pressure, the response mechanisms of material-energy exchange, the methods for efficient NGHs dissociation, and the boundary conditions for the formation of secondary hydrates in the large-scale, long-term gas production.©2022 China Geology Editorial Office. 相似文献
18.
Exploitation of gas hydrate requires an improved understanding of the behavior of gassy soil. In this study, a numerical simulation technique is proposed that uses the discrete element method (DEM) to evaluate the undrained mechanical behavior of gassy sand, which consists of three phases—sand particles, water, and gas. The governing equation of gassy sand under undrained condition is derived and incorporated into the DEM simulation, in which gas solution and exsolution are considered. Undrained isotropic unloading and undrained triaxial compression tests on gassy sand samples with dissolved methane and carbon dioxide are simulated. Reasonable consistency is found when the simulation results are compared with experimental observation and theoretical calculation. The simulation highlights the significant influence of the gas solubility on the undrained behavior of gassy sand. The micro-responses of the observed phenomenon are also investigated.
相似文献19.
祁连山冻土区木里地区天然气水合物矿藏是迄今为止在中纬度带首次发现的水合物矿藏,为了研究中纬度带水合物地球化学勘查技术,选择木里矿区作为方法技术的试验区。试验指标内容有土壤顶空气、酸解烃、碳酸盐和甲烷碳同位素。研究表明:祁连山木里天然气水合物矿藏存在明显的近地表地球化学异常;由甲烷碳同位素和烃类组成判断地表油气化探异常为热解成因,指示该区天然气水合物成藏物质来源于油气和煤成气。进一步研究了中纬度带冻土区天然气水合物成藏模式,指出该区进行天然气水合物勘探的同时应进行石油和煤成气的综合勘探。 相似文献
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天然气水合物是一种潜在的巨量能源,但其分解释放的甲烷可能对全球气候与海洋环境产生巨大影响。然而,人们目前对天然气水合物分解产生的环境和生物效应的了解还不够全面。北极地区的斯瓦尔巴特群岛及邻区的海底和冻土层中蕴含大量甲烷,对气候变化十分敏感,是人们研究天然气水合物对气候变化的响应机制和其分解对生态环境影响的绝佳场所。系统总结了斯瓦尔巴特群岛及邻区水合物分解的气候与环境效应,发现目前研究区水合物分解产生的甲烷进入大气的年际通量不大,对全球气候的影响可能有限;水合物分解对海底滑坡起到催化剂的作用,但不是首要因素;海底水合物分解释放的甲烷能打破原有的化学平衡、生产力分布规律与输送机制、生物耦合关系甚至不同栖息地间的连通性,进而影响底栖生物群落。这些认识对研究天然气水合物开采对生态环境可能造成的影响和采取相应防治措施具有一定的借鉴意义。 相似文献