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1.
文章以青藏高原东缘龙门山活动构造的地貌标志为切入点,在汶川-茂汶断裂、北川断裂、彭灌断裂和大邑断裂等主干活动断裂的关键部位,对断错山脊、洪积扇、河流阶地、边坡脊、断层陡坎、河道错断、冲沟侧缘壁位错、拉分盆地、断层偏转、砾石定向带、坡中槽、弃沟和断塞塘等活动构造地貌和断裂带开展了详细的野外地质填图和地貌测量,利用精确的地貌测量数据和测年数据,定量计算了龙门山主干断裂的逆冲速率和走滑速率,结果表明在晚新生代时期龙门山构造带仅具有微弱的构造缩短作用,其中逆冲速率的速度值小于1.1mm/a,走滑速率的速度值小于1.46mm/a,表明走滑分量与逆冲分量的比率介于6 ∶ 1~1.3 ∶ 1之间,以右行走滑作用为主。在此基础上,对各主干活动断裂的逆冲速率和走滑速率进行了定量的对比研究,结果表明自北西向南东4条主干断裂的最大逆冲分量滑动速率具有变小的趋势,而走滑分量的滑动速率则具有逐渐变大的趋势,显示了从龙门山的后山带至前山带主干断裂的走滑作用越来越强。由此推测现今的龙门山及其前缘盆地不完全是由于构造缩短作用形成的,而主要是走滑作用和剥蚀卸载作用的产物。另外,根据沉积、构造、盆地充填体的几何形态、地貌、古地磁等标定和对比了龙门山在中生代和新生代的走滑方向,表明龙门山构造带在中生代与新生代之交走滑方向发生了反转,即由中生代时期的左行变为新生代时期的右行。 相似文献
2.
大型走滑断裂对青藏高原地体构架的改造 总被引：15，自引：5，他引：10
青藏高原的大型走滑断裂有13条,已确定的大型韧性走滑断裂主要形成于3个时期:早古生代、印支期和新生代以来.印度/亚洲碰撞(60～50Ma)以来形成的大型韧性走滑构造位于青藏高原的南部,而且主要在喜马拉雅山链的东、西两侧,如西侧的喀喇昆仑和恰曼韧性右行走滑断裂,东侧的鲜水河-小江和哀牢山-红河韧性左行走滑断裂、崇山-澜沧江、嘉黎-高黎贡山和萨盖韧性右行走滑断裂等.主要的变形特征表现为早期具有地壳深部的韧性走滑剪切带性质,在后期抬升过程中,由韧性→韧脆性→脆性应变转化;而在青藏高原北部,表现为古韧性走滑剪切带的再活动,如阿尔金-康西瓦、东昆仑左行走滑断裂,以及新生的脆性断裂,如海源左行走滑断裂等.本文在青藏高原13条大型走滑断裂研究及综合研究的基础上,阐述不同时期的大型走滑断裂,以及它们在青藏高原地体拼合及碰撞造山中的作用,包括走滑断裂与走滑型褶皱造山、走滑断裂与挤压/转换型造山、走滑断裂与挤压盆-山体系、走滑断裂与地体相对位移和走滑断裂与地体的侧向挤出,以及走滑断裂与构造结的形成. 相似文献
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龙门山断裂带走滑方向的反转及其沉积与地貌标志 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
根据龙门山前陆盆地西缘沉降中心、冲积扇侧向迁移、活动构造地貌和古地磁等标志及龙门山在中生代以来的走滑作用和走滑方向的标定研究,结果表明:龙门山断裂带具有走滑性质,走滑方向曾发生过反转,在反转之前以左行走滑作用为特征,在反转之后以右行走滑作用为特征。根据地层记录和古地磁证据,认为龙门山走滑方向反转的时间应介于43 M a~3.6 M a之间,即由中生代至早新生代时期的左行走滑作用反转为晚新生代时期的右行走滑作用。然对龙门山断裂带走滑方向反转的成因初步分析认为晚新生代龙门山右行走滑作用是印-亚碰撞后构造作用的产物,晚三叠世至早新生代左行走滑作用是青藏高原自晚三叠世以来大陆碰撞作用导致松潘-甘孜褶皱带北东-南西向缩短的产物。 相似文献
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四川汶川Ms 8.0级地震的地表变形与同震位移 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
四川汶川Ms 8.0级强烈地震与青藏高原东部松潘-甘孜地块东向挤出导致的龙门山活动断裂右旋斜冲运动存在动力学成因联系。沿龙门山中央北川-映秀断裂发育长度超过250km的地震变形带,由地震陡坎、地震鼓包、地震破裂、地震断层组成,形成了较大的同震位移。在震中区映秀观测到的最大同震位移为7.6m,由右旋走滑位移6.1m和垂直位移4.6m 2个分量组成;虹口地区的右旋走滑位移为2.7m,垂直位移为4.6m,右旋斜冲总位移为5.3m;北川地区的右旋走滑位移为5.7m,垂直位移为3.4m,右旋斜冲总位移为6.6m;平通地区的右旋走滑位移为3.2m,垂直位移为3.0m,右旋斜冲总位移为4.4m。龙门山前缘的汉旺-漩口断裂及龙门山后缘的茂县-汶川断裂、青川断裂也发生了显著的同震断裂活动,但同震位移小于等于1.0m。根据同震位移实测数据和构造会聚速率的GPS观测资料,估算龙门山地区8.0级地震的复发周期为1150~2950年。 相似文献
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秦岭南缘青川断裂新生代变形特征及其走滑运动学转换 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
青川断裂作为秦岭构造带南部边界断层,新生代以来受到印度-欧亚大陆碰撞产生的远场效应,发生了强烈的走滑复活,调节了青藏高原隆升和向东扩展。本文基于错断地貌测量与断裂带脆性变形的野外调查,建立了该断裂新生代2期走滑运动历史,并讨论了走滑运动学转换的大地构造意义。沿断裂带河流水系偏移地貌分析发现,主要河流的Ⅳ级支流沿断裂发生一致的右旋偏移,指示断裂右旋位错量在200~800 m;河流阶地的右旋位错量在49~62 m。野外调查发现,青川断裂发育5~100 m宽的断裂破裂带,主要由断层泥、磨砾岩、断层透镜体等组成,S-C组构发育,磨砾石旋转定向排列。断裂破碎带运动学指向记录了青川断裂2期脆性走滑变形:早期为左旋走滑活动、晚期为右旋走滑活动。结合断裂带东端汉中盆地地层时代和秦岭山地隆升时代,我们推断晚期右旋走滑运动主要发生在上新世以来,调节了碧口地块的向东挤出;而早期左旋走滑运动则很可能是对古近纪晚期青藏高原隆升和扩展的响应。 相似文献
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青藏高原东缘活动构造 总被引：74，自引：0，他引：74
青藏高原东缘由岷山断块和龙门山构造带构成。以活动构造地貌学为主线,在解析该地区主干断裂晚第四纪以来活动的地质地貌表现的基础上,对一批断裂运动学和史前强震活动的定量数据进行分析研究,结果表明:在岷山断块中,虎牙断裂的平均左旋滑动速率为1.4 mm/a,垂直滑动速率为0.3 mm/a。岷江断裂的平均垂直滑动速率介于0.37 mm/a~0.53 mm/a之间,左旋位错量与垂直位错量大致相当;在龙门山构造带中,茂汶-汶川断裂、北川-映秀断裂和彭县-灌县断裂的平均垂直滑动速率均在1 mm/a左右,且几条主干断裂的右旋位错量与垂直位错量相当。结合震源机制解结果和GPS测量资料,建立晚新生代以来青藏高原东缘向南东方向逸出的构造变形模式。 相似文献
7.
青藏高原东缘龙门山断裂带晚新生代构造地貌生长及水系响应 总被引：10，自引：4，他引：6
河流地貌对新构造活动具有非常敏感的响应,水系形态能够较好地记录构造活动方式,水系形态分析可以为研究新构造的演化过程提供有力的证据.位于青藏高原东缘的龙门山与四川盆地是青藏高原周边最陡的地形梯度带,沿高原东缘发育青农江、岷江、涪江和嘉陵汀等一系列斜交于龙门山断裂带的水系.利用卫星遥感图像和数字高程模型(DEM)数据提取构造地貌和水系特征,对龙门山构造带水系形念进行分析研究,发现龙门山南西段冲断带褶铍具有横向牛长的演化特征,逆冲褶皱带的构造演化影响青衣江和岷江水系的演化和重组,同时也控制着研究区晚新生代的沉积格局.受断裂带右旋走滑作用的影响,龙门山北东段水系表现出系统右旋错化特征,在北川县擂鼓镇至曲山镇一带涪江水系上游的重要支流一湔江出现3.8km的右旋错位,并导致湔江北川段出现河流袭夺和水系重组现象.根据涪江上游发生的5km和4km最大右旋错位及其涪江流域形成的最早沉积记录的年代大约为3Ma,估算映秀-北川断裂带和灌县-安县断裂带北东段上新世-第四纪以来的平均走滑速率分别为1.67mm/a和1.33mm/a,而龙门山断裂带北东段的长期走滑速率至少为3.0mm/a.本研究表明可以将水系形态作为研究区域构造变形的重要地貌标志,该方法同样适用于世界上其他构造活动变形地区. 相似文献
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安达曼海裂谷的张开和印度板块与欧亚板块碰撞,青藏高原大幅度隆起派生的向南偏东的推挤,导致中缅泰交界区的南北向断裂新构造活动方式为右行走滑且自西向东规模变小;还产生一组近北东东向的断裂向南作叠瓦状逆推,伴有左行走滑,向南规模变小。这些断裂控制了盆地、水系、温泉、火山(岩)的发育,沿之有地震发生。 相似文献
9.
达尔布特断裂是准噶尔盆地西北缘的边界断裂,本文通过大量的野外地质调查并结合遥感解译,发现该断裂具有明显的左行走滑特征,其最大位错量出现在其西南段,达到60 km左右。根据野外的观察,达尔布特断裂是一条经历过多期变形的断裂,运动学特征指示了该断裂的各期活动均为左行走滑。它与准噶尔盆地东北缘北西-南东向的右行走滑断裂一起,构成了一组共轭断裂系,是印欧板块碰撞造成青藏高原强烈抬升并向北扩展的远程效应,同时也受到西伯利亚板块向南运动的影响。和什托洛盖盆地是在断裂走滑过 相似文献
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龙门山地区水系发育特征及其对青藏高原东缘隆升的指示 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
龙门山位于青藏高原东缘,既是青藏高原周缘山脉中陡度最大的山脉,也是构造活动和地貌景观塑造最为强烈的地区之一。因此,该区域成为研究构造-地貌-水系之间相互关系的实验场。本文基于ASTER GDEM数据,提取了青藏高原东缘地区15条基岩河道的纵剖面,采用简单数学函数拟合河流纵剖面形态,并结合基岩水力侵蚀模型,分析龙门山不同位置的地形特征。本次研究获得以下几点认识:①通过对龙门山地区河流纵剖面的分析,龙门山整体上具有较高的隆升速率,导致这一地区强烈的河流侵蚀作用;②龙门山中段和南段的河流双对数图以上凸型为主,说明该区域尚未达到均衡状态,处于前均衡期;③龙门山北段的河流双对数图呈直线形态,说明该区域达到均衡状态,处于均衡期;④龙门山不同地区的水系发育特征,表明龙门山中段和南段具有更强的构造活动性、更高的隆升速率,龙门山北段则具有较弱的构造活动性、较低的隆升速率,并反映了青藏高原东缘的隆升作用具有明显的空间差异性。 相似文献
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龙门山地震带的地质背景与汶川地震的地表破裂 总被引：17，自引：0，他引：17
李勇 黄润秋 周荣军 Alexander L. DENSMORE Michael A. ELLIS 闫亮 董顺利 Nicholas RICHARDSON 张毅 何玉林 陈浩 乔宝成 马博琳 《工程地质学报》2009,17(1):3-18
龙门山位于青藏高原与扬子地台之间, 系由一系列大致平行的叠瓦状冲断带构成, 自西向东发育汶川茂汶断裂、映秀北川断裂和彭县灌县断裂,并将龙门山划分为3个构造地层带,分别为变形变质构造地层带（主要由志留系泥盆系浅变质岩和前寒武系杂岩构成）、变形变位构造地层带（主要由上古生界三叠系沉积岩构成）、变形构造地层带（主要由侏罗系至第三系红层和第四纪松散堆积构成）。
龙门山断裂带属地震危险区,3条主干断裂皆具备发生7级左右地震的能力,其中映秀北川断裂是引发地震的最主要断层,据对彭县灌县断裂青石坪探槽场地的研究结果表明,在该断裂带上最晚的一次强震发生在93040a.B.P.左右,据此,可以初步判定,这3条主干断裂的单条断裂上的强震复发间隔至少应在1000a左右,表明龙门山构造带及其内部断裂属于地震活动频度低但具有发生超强地震的潜在危险的特殊断裂,以逆冲-右行走滑为其主要运动方式。
汶川地震属于逆冲走滑型的地震,地表破裂分布于映秀北川断裂带和彭县灌县断裂带上。根据近南北向的断裂（小鱼洞断层、擂鼓断层和邓家坝断层）和地表断距可将映秀北川断层的地表破裂带划分为两个高值区和两个低值区,两个高值区分别位于南段的映秀-虹口一带和位于中北段的擂鼓北川县城邓家坝一带;两个低值区分别位于中南段的白水河茶坪一带和北段的北川黄家坝至平武石坎子一带,两个高值区分别与小鱼洞断层和擂鼓断层相关。根据保存于破裂面上的擦痕,可将该地震破裂过程划分为两个阶段,早期为逆冲作用,晚期为斜向走滑作用,其与地壳增厚构造模式和侧向挤出摸式在青藏高原东缘的推论具有不吻合性。鉴于龙门山的表层运动速率与深部构造运动速率具有不一致性,初步探讨了龙门山地区的地表过程与下地壳流之间的地质动力模型,认为下地壳物质在龙门山近垂向挤出和垂向运动,从而造成导致龙门山向东的逆冲运动、龙门山构造带抬升和汶川特大地震。在此基础上,根据汶川地震所引发的地质灾害,对地震灾后重建提出了的几点建议。 相似文献
12.
青藏高原东缘龙门山冲断带与四川盆地的现今构造表现:数字地形和地震活动证据 总被引：27，自引：8，他引：27
龙门山冲断带位于四川盆地与青藏高原东缘之间,其现今地貌和构造活动表现对于理解青藏高原东缘和四川盆地晚新生代的演化具有非常重要的意义。已有的认识多数是从“山”的角度得出的,我们尝试从“盆”这一角度,利用近20年来的地震活动资料和地震反射剖面,结合数字高程模型(DEM),通过三维可视化分析软件来探讨四川盆地及龙门山的地貌特征和现代构造活动表现。初步研究结果表明:1)龙门山的现今地貌和地震分布具有明显的南北分段性;2)青藏高原东缘活动块体边界表现为由龙门山南段北东向构造在安县附近转折为岷山的南北向构造;3)龙门山南段的现代地震活动已深入四川盆地内部,形成地壳规模的楔形逆冲构造,地震活动、现代地貌和地震反射剖面的证据揭示了龙门山及四川盆地存在晚新生代构造缩短的可能性。 相似文献
13.
Active Tectonics of the Longmen Shan Region on the Eastern Margin of the Tibetan Plateau 总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14 
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下载免费PDF全文 ZHOU Rongjun LI Yong Alexander L.DENSMORE Michael A. ELLIS HE Yulin LI Yongzhao LI Xiaogang 《《地质学报》英文版》2007,81(4):593-604
There is a massive amount of geomorphic evidence for active tectonics in the Longmen Shan at the eastern margin of the Tibetan plateau. We have surveyed some typical geomorphic markers including the Wenchuan-Maowen, Beichuan-Yingxiu and Pengxian-Guanxian faults, terrace offsets, scarps, fault-controlled saddles, dextral shutter ridges, dextral channel offsets, graben, shatter belts, and pull-apart basins. Electron spin resonance （ESR） and thermoluminescence（TL） ages were obtained using silty sand taken from below the surface of the sediments. According to these data, we calculated the rates of thrusting and strike-slip, and the results indicate that Cenozoic tectonic shortening at the plateau margin is minor with the rate of thrusting less than 1.10 mm/a and the rate of strike-slipping less than 1.46 mm/a. The Longmen Shan is a zone of NNE-trending dextral shear with slip-dip ratio of 6：1-1.3：1. From NW to SE, the thrust component becomes smaller, whereas the strike-slip component becomes larger. 相似文献
14.
《International Geology Review》2012,54(8):661-735
The Longmen Shan region includes, from west to east, the northeastern part of the Tibetan Plateau, the Sichuan Basin, and the eastern part of the eastern Sichuan fold-and-thrust belt. In the northeast, it merges with the Micang Shan, a part of the Qinling Mountains. The Longmen Shan region can be divided into two major tectonic elements: (1) an autochthon/parautochthon, which underlies the easternmost part of the Tibetan Plateau, the Sichuan Basin, and the eastern Sichuan fold-and-thrust belt; and (2) a complex allochthon, which underlies the eastern part of the Tibetan Plateau. The allochthon was emplaced toward the southeast during Late Triassic time, and it and the western part of the autochthon/parautochthon were modified by Cenozoic deformation. The autochthon/parautochthon was formed from the western part of the Yangtze platform and consists of a Proterozoic basement covered by a thin, incomplete succession of Late Proterozoic to Middle Triassic shallow-marine and nonmarine sedimentary rocks interrupted by Permian extension and basic magmatism in the southwest. The platform is bounded by continental margins that formed in Silurian time to the west and in Late Proterozoic time to the north. Within the southwestern part of the platform is the narrow N-trending Kungdian high, a paleogeographic unit that was positive during part of Paleozoic time and whose crest is characterized by nonmarine Upper Triassic rocks unconformably overlying Proterozoic basement. In the western part of the Longmen Shan region, the allochthon is composed mainly of a very thick succession of strongly folded Middle and Upper Triassic Songpan Ganzi flysch. Along the eastern side and at the base of the allochthon, pre-Upper Triassic rocks crop out, forming the only exposures of the western margin of the Yangtze platform. Here, Upper Proterozoic to Ordovician, mainly shallow-marine rocks unconformably overlie Yangtze-type Proterozic basement rocks, but in Silurian time a thick section of fine-grained clastic and carbonate rocks were deposited, marking the initial subsidence of the western Yangtze platform and formation of a continental margin. Similar deep-water rocks were deposited throughout Devonian to Middle Triassic time, when Songpan Ganzi flysch deposition began. Permian conglomerate and basic volcanic rocks in the southeastern part of the allochthon indicate a second period of extension along the continental margin. Evidence suggests that the deep-water region along and west of the Yangtze continental margin was underlain mostly by thin continental crust, but its westernmost part may have contained areas underlain by oceanic crust. In the northern part of the Longmen Shan allochthon, thick Devonian to Upper Triassic shallow-water deposits of the Xue Shan platform are flanked by deep-marine rocks and the platform is interpreted to be a fragment of the Qinling continental margin transported westward during early Mesozoic transpressive tectonism. In the Longmen Shan region, the allochthon, carrying the western part of the Yangtze continental margin and Songpan Ganzi flysch, was emplaced to the southeast above rocks of the Yangtze platform autochthon. The eastern margin of the allochthon in the northern Longmen Shan is unconformably overlapped by both Lower and Middle Jurassic strata that are continuous with rocks of the autochthon. Folded rocks of the allochthon are unconformably overlapped by Lower and Middle Jurassic rocks in rare outcrops in the northern part of the region. They also are extensively intruded by a poorly dated, generally undeformed belt, of plutons whose ages (mostly K/Ar ages) range from Late Triassic to early Cenozoic, but most of the reliable ages are early Mesozoic. All evidence indicates that the major deformation within the allochthon is Late Triassic/Early Jurassic in age (Indosinian). The eastern front of the allochthon trends southwest across the present mountain front, so it lies along the mountain front in the northeast, but is located well to the west of the present mountain front on the south. The Late Triassic deformation is characterized by upright to overturned folded and refolded Triassic flysch, with generally NW-trending axial traces in the western part of the region. Folds and thrust faults curve to the north when traced to the east, so that along the eastern front of the allochthon structures trend northeast, involve pre-Triassic rocks, and parallel the eastern boundary of the allochthon. The curvature of structural trends is interpreted as forming part of a left-lateral transpressive boundary developed during emplacement of the allochthon. Regionally, the Longmen Shan lies along a NE-trending transpressive margin of the Yangtze platform within a broad zone of generally N-S shortening. North of the Longmen Shan region, northward subduction led to collision of the South and North China continental fragments along the Qinling Mountains, but northwest of the Longmen Shan region, subduction led to shortening within the Songpan Ganzi flysch basin, forming a detached fold-and-thrust belt. South of the Longmen Shan region, the flysch basin is bounded by the Shaluli Shan/Chola Shan arc—an originally Sfacing arc that reversed polarity in Late Triassic time, leading to shortening along the southern margin of the Songpan Ganzi flysch belt. Shortening within the flysch belt was oblique to the Yangtze continental margin such that the allochthon in the Longmen Shan region was emplaced within a left-lateral transpressive environment. Possible clockwise rotation of the Yangtze platform (part of the South China continental fragment) also may have contributed to left-lateral transpression with SE-directed shortening. During left-lateral transpression, the Xue Shan platform was displaced southwestward from the Qinling orogen and incorporated into the Longmen Shan allochthon. Westward movement of the platform caused complex refolding in the northern part of the Longmen Shan region. Emplacement of the allochthon flexurally loaded the western part of the Yangtze platform autochthon, forming a Late Triassic foredeep. Foredeep deposition, often involving thick conglomerate units derived from the west, continued from Middle Jurassic into Cretaceous time, although evidence for deformation of this age in the allochthon is generally lacking. Folding in the eastern Sichuan fold-and-thrust belt along the eastern side of the Sichuan Basin can be dated as Late Jurassic or Early Cretaceous in age, but only in areas 100 km east of the westernmost folds. Folding and thrusting was related to convergent activity far to the east along the eastern margin of South China. The westernmost folds trend southwest and merge to the south with folds and locally form refolded folds that involve Upper Cretaceous and lower Cenozoic rocks. The boundary between Cenozoic and late Mesozoic folding on the eastern and southern margins of the Sichuan Basin remains poorly determined. The present mountainous eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau in the Longmen Shan region is a consequence of Cenozoic deformation. It rises within 100 km from 500–600 m in the Sichuan Basin to peaks in the west reaching 5500 m and 7500 m in the north and south, respectively. West of these high peaks is the eastern part of the Tibetan Plateau, an area of low relief at an elevations of about 4000 m. Cenozoic deformation can be demonstrated in the autochthon of the southern Longmen Shan, where the stratigraphic sequence is without an angular unconformity from Paleozoic to Eocene or Oligocene time. During Cenozoic deformation, the western part of the Yangtze platform (part of the autochthon for Late Triassic deformation) was deformed into a N- to NE-trending foldandthrust belt. In its eastern part the fold-thrust belt is detached near the base of the platform succession and affects rocks within and along the western and southern margin of the Sichuan Basin, but to the west and south the detachment is within Proterozoic basement rocks. The westernmost structures of the fold-thrust belt form a belt of exposed basement massifs. During the middle and later part of the Cenozoic deformation, strike-slip faulting became important; the fold-thrust belt became partly right-lateral transpressive in the central and northeastern Longmen Shan. The southern part of the fold-thrust belt has a more complex evolution. Early Nto NE-trending folds and thrust faults are deformed by NW-trending basementinvolved folds and thrust faults that intersect with the NE-trending right-lateral strike-slip faults. Youngest structures in this southern area are dominated by left-lateral transpression related to movement on the Xianshuihe fault system. The extent of Cenozoic deformation within the area underlain by the early Mesozoic allochthon remains unknown, because of the absence of rocks of the appropriate age to date Cenozoic deformation. Klippen of the allochthon were emplaced above the Cenozoic fold-andthrust belt in the central part of the eastern Longmen Shan, indicating that the allochthon was at least partly reactivated during Cenozoic time. Only in the Min Shan in the northern part of the allochthon is Cenozoic deformation demonstrated along two active zones of E-W shortening and associated left-slip. These structures trend obliquely across early Mesozoic structures and are probably related to shortening transferred from a major zone of active left-slip faulting that trends through the western Qinling Mountains. Active deformation is along the left-slip transpressive NW-trending Xianshuihe fault zone in the south, right-slip transpression along several major NE-trending faults in the central and northeastern Longmen Shan, and E-W shortening with minor left-slip movement along the Min Jiang and Huya fault zones in the north. Our estimates of Cenozoic shortening along the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau appear to be inadequate to account for the thick crust and high elevation of the plateau. We suggest here that the thick crust and high elevation is caused by lateral flow of the middle and lower crust eastward from the central part of the plateau and only minor crustal shortening in the upper crust. Upper crustal structure is largely controlled in the Longmen Shan region by older crustal anisotropics; thus shortening and eastward movement of upper crustal material is characterized by irregular deformation localized along older structural boundaries. 相似文献
15.
四川汶川Ms 8.0级地震同震变形特征和分段性 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
汶川地震发育2条地表破裂带,一条沿中龙门山活动断裂带分布,另一条沿前龙门山活动断裂带分布,前者长超过200km,后者长约80km。同震变形在地表表现为逆冲膝折带,走向N45～60°E,形成公路路面隆起和农田陡坎。逆冲膝折带西北侧抬高,东南侧下降。在剖面上冲断带倾向北西,倾角50～60°。膝折带两侧相对高差沿映秀－北川断裂一般为2.5～3.0m,沿都江堰－汉旺断裂为1.5～1.1m。沿中龙门山活动断裂带,同震变形运动方式具有明显的分段性,映秀－擂鼓镇段,表现为逆冲,走滑现象不明显;北川－青川段既有逆冲又有右旋走滑分量。沿前龙门山活动断裂带,同震变形运动方式主要表现为逆冲,走滑位移和分段性不明显。 相似文献
16.
塔拉斯费尔干纳断裂(TF)为中亚最大规模的断裂,其向南是否贯穿塔里木盆地西部研究较少,带来对其新生代运动性质的争论。研究表明,TF断裂在喀什凹陷以小规模的右旋走滑断裂逐渐消失,断层东盘以逆冲断层系的水平缩短变形,调节新生代右旋走滑位移,与巴楚隆起的阻挡作用相关。区域构造分析表明,随着帕米尔北缘逆冲断层系向北扩展,喀什凹陷中新生代沉积形成密集分布的线性褶皱和逆冲断层带。帕米尔高原向北仰冲触发TF不同区段在新生代差异性构造复活,发生大规模右旋位移及其南端构造转换(逆冲带隆升和前陆盆地发育)。新生代大断裂差异性复活及其构造调节,造成帕米尔构造节东西两侧不对称的构造样式。 相似文献
17.
拉鸡山断裂带位于祁连山褶皱带内,呈北西-南东向延伸.后者构成青藏高原的东北边缘,由三个主要构造单元组成:北部是一条早古生代的板块缝合带,中部是一个元古代的结晶地块,南部由一套晚古生代到三叠纪的被动大陆边缘沉积物组成.对拉鸡山及其邻区的构造研究结果表明,祁连山褶皱带在古生代加里东期发生过大规模的缩短,北祁连的早古生代蛇绿岩和岛弧火山岩沿祁连山中央冲断层向南,陆内俯冲到中祁连元古界变质杂岩之下.由于发生在晚古生代和晚中生代的陆内变形,位于中祁连之下的北祁连的蛇绿岩和岛弧火山岩发生褶皱,并被抬升到地表.到新生代,由于印度板块和欧亚大陆之间的碰撞和陆内汇聚作用,拉鸡山断裂带再次活动,这些下古生界蛇绿岩和岛弧火山岩通过冲断作用快速抬升,将中祁连地块一分为二.因此,拉鸡山是一个抬升的构造窗,不是一个中祁连结晶地块中的早古生代大陆裂谷. 相似文献
18.
龙门山晚新生代均衡反弹隆升的定量研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
龙门山位于青藏高原东缘与四川盆地的交接部位,是青藏高原周边山脉中地形梯度变化最大的山脉,其隆升过程和机制一直是国际地学界关注的焦点。晚新生代经过大量的滑坡、泥石流等快速剥蚀作用,龙门山的高程却不断升高。讨论了龙门山构造隆升的3种地球动力学机制,即下地壳通道流机制、地壳挤压缩短变形机制、地壳均衡反弹机制。晚新生代龙门山的隆升与剥蚀引起的均衡反弹作用相关,剥蚀作用使得地壳岩石逐步被移去,剥蚀区重力损失,岩石圈或地壳卸载作用导致山脉顶峰的隆升。结合数字高程模型数据研究表明,巨大地震的长期同震构造变形以及滑坡、泥石流等引起的快速剥蚀所导致的地壳均衡反弹,可能是龙门山晚新生代构造隆升的地球动力学新机制。龙门山地区现今高程受构造作用与剥蚀引起的均衡反弹作用的共同影响,其中剥蚀引起的均衡反弹作用对龙门山隆升的影响贡献率约占30%。 相似文献
19.
The Longmen Shan fault zone is located at the particular boundary between the Triassic Songpan-Ganzi orogen of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and the stable Sichuan basin of the Yangtze platform. There are four major active faults and three tectonic nappes in this region. According to an analysis of neotectonics and historical earthquakes, the Longmen Shan fault zone presents a high level of seismic hazard. The rupture system that hosted the Wenchuan earthquake is characterized by thrust and dextral strike-slip movement. 相似文献