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1.
造山带成矿作用研究是当代成矿学重大研究的前沿,通过对东昆仑造山带北西段祁漫塔格晚古生代—早中生代侵入岩研究,表明祁漫塔格与东昆仑东段晚古生代—早中生代构造演化具有一定相似性。早二叠世之前为洋盆扩张期,早二叠世空谷期洋盆扩张结束,俯冲作用开始,发育钾玄岩系列POG型花岗岩,形成斑岩型铜矿。中三叠世为主俯冲阶段,发育高钾钙碱性大陆弧花岗岩(CAG),形成矽卡岩型铁多金属矿。晚三叠世卡尼—诺利期,大洋闭合,进入后碰撞陆内造山阶段,发育高钾钙碱性钾玄岩系列后造山花岗岩(POG),形成了斑岩钼矿和矽卡岩型铁多金属矿。  相似文献   

2.
宗务隆构造带位于柴北缘构造带与南祁连构造带之间,总体呈北西西向展布。构造带东段丰富的岩浆活动记录了该构造带晚古生代—中生代期间的裂解和闭合过程,而西段岩浆活动的记录较为稀少,对于其东、西段是否具有相同的构造演化尚不清晰。通过分析构造带西段三叠系隆务河组碎屑岩的地球化学特征、碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄及Hf同位素组成,认为隆务河组的碎屑沉积物的源区古风化程度轻微,不具备沉积再循环的特征,原岩主要为长英质岩石,南祁连新元古代花岗质片麻岩和早古生代大陆弧型花岗岩为隆务河组碎屑岩的主要物源;碎屑岩可能沉积于早中三叠世挠曲型盆地中;锆石U-Pb年龄分析表明宗务隆构造带东西段构造演化具有不同的历程,东段发育有限洋盆,而西段并未出现,转换地带可能位于生格至罗根郭勒之间。  相似文献   

3.
古亚洲洋的南缘跨越我国新疆、甘肃、内蒙古、黑龙江等地.对位于中国境内的古亚洲洋构造格局及其演化的研究成果进行了详细分析和总结,并归纳出存在的主要分歧.通过分析古亚洲洋构造域地层出露情况和古生物(放射虫、腕足类和古植物)地理分布,提出了2点认识:(1)早古生代,古亚洲洋西段在中国境内的主洋盆可能位于天山地区,东段的主洋盆可能位于艾力格庙-贺根山-林西-黑河一线;晚古生代,古亚洲洋西段的主洋盆位于南天山,东段的主洋盆位于索伦-温都尔庙-西拉木伦-延吉一线.(2)古亚洲洋西段洋盆关闭的时间大概是早石炭-中二叠世,东段洋盆关闭的时间是晚二叠世;其中,北山北部和南天山西南段的洋盆延续至晚二叠世,洋盆关闭的时间可能在二叠纪末或更晚.此外,针对古亚洲洋构造域上古生界地层出露及其研究现状,提出了古生物学和地层学在未来古亚洲洋演化研究中可能发挥的作用及其具体方法.   相似文献   

4.
西藏普兰、吉隆沟一带藏南拆离构造发育较为完整,主滑脱面位于基底聂拉木岩群与盖层肉切村群及绒沙组之间,但部分地段被中新世二长花岗岩侵蚀。调查研究认为,藏南拆离构造具有长期、多期活动性,不仅在中新世有多次强烈活动,而且在古生代至中生代长期伸展拉张作用过程中就已逐步形成并不断活动,至少在早石炭世、早二叠世、早三叠世、晚三叠世、早侏罗世等均有过较强烈至强烈的活动。  相似文献   

5.
地层相态的恢复对于研究非史密斯地层区沉积盆地的演化过程有着非常重要的意义。在1∶ 2 5万野外地质填图基础上作出了东昆仑造山带东段东昆南前陆盆地晚二叠世至中三叠世构造岩相古地理图 ,该系列图揭示了东昆南前陆盆地在 5个发展阶段中的岩相分布特征和空间上的古地理展布范围 ,即晚二叠世早期东昆南前陆盆地发育的初始阶段、晚二叠世晚期前陆盆地的扩展至短期萎缩阶段、早三叠世早期前陆盆地的再次扩展阶段、早三叠世晚期盆地发育的高峰阶段和中二叠世前陆盆地的萎缩至消亡阶段。东昆南前陆盆地的演化过程在一定程度上反映了构造对沉积的控制作用  相似文献   

6.
吕明1,2,汤良杰1,2   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
通过系统的地震资料综合解释,对塔里木盆地巴楚隆起卡拉沙依断裂上、下盘沉积地层厚度的变化及各界面与上、下部地层的接触关系、不整合面的发育特征及变化规律进行研究,以此来探讨卡拉沙依断裂各时期的活动特征。认为卡拉沙依断裂东、西两段呈现出截然不同的活动特征。主断裂东段,晚寒武世-奥陶纪,断裂无明显活动;早志留世晚期-早二叠世,断裂开始活动,呈现出逆冲推覆断裂的特征;经中二叠世的平静期,从晚二叠世开始又有一次逆冲推覆活动。而位于主断裂南侧的次级断裂,在晚寒武纪-中志留世,断裂无明显活动;从早中泥盆世开始,次级断裂开始活动,表现为压性断裂特征,逆冲推覆作用持续至早二叠世,经过中二叠世短暂的平静期,在晚二叠世还有一次继承性活动,但活动强度较弱。主断裂西段,奥陶纪时期,断裂开始活动并表现出张性断裂活动特征;经过志留纪-中二叠世的平静期,从晚二叠世开始,断裂西段发生正反转作用,逆冲推覆活动明显。次级断裂西段,在晚寒武世-早中二叠世并无活动,从晚二叠世开始,断裂开始活动,表现为强烈的逆冲推覆作用。  相似文献   

7.
西南三江地区洋板块地层特征及构造演化   总被引:3,自引:3,他引:0  
以大地构造研究为主导,初步梳理了三江地区洋板块地层系统的分布及其构造演化规律。本文阐述了三江地区经历原-古特提斯大洋连续演化、分阶段拼贴增生至最终俯冲消亡的地质演化历程。甘孜-理塘弧后洋盆于早石炭世打开,二叠纪—中三叠世进入顶峰扩张期,晚三叠世洋盆萎缩引起向西俯冲,最终在晚三叠世末局部地区保留残留海。哀牢山弧后洋盆不晚于早石炭世形成,早石炭世—早二叠世整体扩张发育,早二叠世末或晚二叠世初开始向西俯冲,晚三叠世最终完全关闭。金沙江洋盆早石炭世时已扩张成洋,到早二叠世晚期开始俯冲,石炭纪—早二叠世早期是金沙江洋盆扩张的主体时期,早二叠世晚期至早、中三叠世俯冲消亡。澜沧江弧后洋盆中晚泥盆世开始扩张,在石炭纪—早二叠世发育为成熟洋盆,早二叠世晚期洋内俯冲形成洋内弧,晚二叠世—早、中三叠世双向俯冲消亡。昌宁-孟连洋为特提斯洋主带,具有原-古特提斯洋连续演化的地质记录,晚奥陶世开始向东俯冲消减,二叠纪末、早三叠世发生弧-陆碰撞作用,昌宁-孟连洋盆闭合。  相似文献   

8.
内蒙古林西地区晚二叠世一早三叠世沉积演化及构造背景   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
和政军  王瑜 《中国区域地质》1997,16(4):403-409,427
在林西地区新发现的叶肢介和介形虫等化石,证实了大兴安岭南部存在早三叠世地层,这套地层为具有红层性性质的河一湖环境产物,与下伏上二叠统林西组沉积有较大的差异,林西组中-下部以海相沉积为主,并发育浊流沉积,反映直到第二叠世中期大兴安岭南部仍有残余海盆存在,应是造成晚二叠世南北植物化仍保持区系特征的主因。林西地区晚二叠世一早三叠世的沉积-构造演化特征揭示,大兴安岭南部的晚古生代板构造活动一直到印支构造旋  相似文献   

9.
南海东南部陆缘发育一套晚渐新世-早中新世碳酸盐岩(Nido灰岩)与南海海底扩张历史吻合.为系统了解Nido灰岩构造控制因素,基于大量钻井、拖网和地震资料,刻画碳酸盐岩沉积相特征和时空分布规律,分析构造变形对其控制作用.结果显示:Nido灰岩呈大规模连片分布在研究区东北至西南部.以乌鲁根断裂为界,东北部灰岩呈北西倾向,与早渐新世岩石圈破裂形成的断块高点和扩张阶段较弱的构造活动有关;西南部灰岩呈东南倾向,受晚渐新世伸展断陷形成的构造高点和早中中新世南沙地块板片挠曲形成的构造前隆迁移作用控制.碳酸盐岩台地主要发育期与海底扩张时间吻合,具有区带性,反映南海穿时破裂过程和南部陆缘俯冲-碰撞过程的横向差异和不均一性.   相似文献   

10.
滇西哀牢山构造带:结构与演化   总被引:19,自引:0,他引:19  
哀牢山构造带是藏东(东南亚)地区的一条重要线性构造,它分隔了扬子—华南地块与印支地块,并保存了多阶段复杂大地构造演化的记录。哀牢山构造带内由东向西依次发育了晚太古代—新元古代深变质岩系、新生代构造-岩浆活动带(剪切带)、金平—沱江晚二叠—早三叠世裂谷带残余和哀牢山早石炭世—早三叠世混杂岩带。具有不同特点的地质单元间被以新生代为主发育的断裂构造所间隔;而不同时期异地就位或混合岩化成因的花岗质岩石在构造带中普遍存在。哀牢山构造带在不同地质历史阶段具有多重大地构造属性,总体上经历了3个重要大地构造演化阶段:前特提斯演化、特提斯演化和新生代陆内演化阶段。前特提斯演化时期,主体部分(尤其是其东部带)具有亲扬子地块的属性,保留了自晚太古代到新元古代地壳演化的记录。一直到早古生代时期,哀牢山构造带的大地构造属性与扬子—华南地区依然具有密切的亲缘关系。自晚古生代—早中生代时期古特提斯洋打开之后,该带与华南-扬子板块之间分化成2个属性不同的构造域,始于早石炭世打开的哀牢山洋与始于早二叠世打开的金平—沱江洋依次消亡。特提斯洋的闭合,一方面形成了古哀牢山造山带,同时使得扬子—华南地块与印支地块回复到一个统一的陆内环境中;印度—欧亚板块之间的交互作用,对这一地区有着深刻的影响,相继形成了早新生代哀牢山造山带、晚渐新世—早中新世造山后区域性伸展与高钾碱性岩浆活动性和晚渐新世—早中新世印支地块的大规模南东向逃逸、哀牢山大型左行走滑剪切作用及伴生的钙碱性岩浆活动性。  相似文献   

11.
同沉积褶皱生长地层中沉积与构造关系   总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3  
郭卫星  漆家福 《现代地质》2008,22(4):520-524
生长地层详细记录了褶皱变形的运动学特征及发展演化过程。对同沉积褶皱的生长地层进行详细的几何学分析,结合地层年代学资料,可以揭示沉积与构造的相互影响,确定沉积速率与构造抬升速率的细微变化,及褶皱的活动期次。构造抬升速率和沉积速率的变化,可引起生长地层的上超、超覆和退覆。褶皱的形成可分为膝折带迁移和翼部旋转2种模式。以膝折带迁移为变形机制的褶皱,发展过程中翼部倾角不变,褶皱顶部与翼部的抬升速率相同,形成翼部平行状生长地层;以翼部旋转为变形机制的褶皱,发展过程中翼部长度不变,沿翼部各点的抬升速率呈线性变化,形成翼部楔状的生长地层。  相似文献   

12.
13.
人造卡邦金刚石生长受成压力、温度等条件的直接影响,从触媒金属向石墨中浸渍,石墨向金刚石结构转化、金刚石子晶生长三个方面讨论了人造卡邦金刚石的生长特性,根据人造卡邦金刚石生长规律,研究用不同的工艺方法,设计生长具有不同特点和用途的人造卡邦金刚石聚晶体。  相似文献   

14.
再论洞穴石笋的沉积速率   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
通过对滇、黔、湘、桂洞穴石笋大型剖面的综合研究、,以代表性剖面和典型时(笋)段系统测年和沉积速率研究为例,初步认为,石笋沉积速率大小是气候演变、暖气候、冷气候的识别指标之一,沉积速率为10mm/100a以上是冰后(间冰)期温暖气候的沉积,趋于10mm/100a或以下者,是温暖期气候的冷转变,或冷期(阶)的沉积;1mm/100a左右是冰期寒冷气候的沉积,趋于1mm/100a或以上者是冰期寒冷气候的暖转变或间冰期的沉积;沉积速率极小,往往是冷气候显示,甚至是沉积间断,或是气候和地质、灾害事件的突变点。沉积速率具多变性,引用和识别时应避免以单一速率推算长时(笋)段年序和确定气候或地质事件的年代,不宜跨旋回计速,以避免遗漏沉积间断和气候、地质、灾害事件。石笋沉积间断很普遍,特别是寒冷的冰期气候间断更频繁,观测和测年表明,沉积间断时间累计占成笋期的28.92%~76.26%,全新世温暖气候的沉积间断时间累计,只占成笋期的13.80%以上。  相似文献   

15.
《Sedimentary Geology》2002,146(1-2):1-9
The accurate analysis of growth strata has revealed their significance to unravel both fold kinematics and timing of deformation in both compressive and extensive settings. The increasing acquisition of 3-D multichannel seismic lines (with few tens of meters of resolution) in complex tectonic areas reveals complex interplay between growing structures and deposition either in marine or continental environments. Interestingly, growth strata reveal similar relationships in both compressive folds linked to thrusts at depth and folds related to propagating normal faults in extensive regimes. To completely document the complete kinematic history of an individual fault or a group of faults, it is necessary to combine studies at different scales to integrate the findings revealed by field work (meters of resolution), and multichannel seismic lines results. The margins of the Ebro Basin to the south of the Pyrenees have been the focus of abundant studies of syntectonic deposits. This is because of its special long-term evolution from a foreland to an intermontane basin and a final open basin to the Mediterranean Sea in Neogene times. The complete comprehension of growth strata in these natural laboratories is essential for our present needs in both petroleum exploration and earthquake prediction.  相似文献   

16.
Metamorphic biotites examined by transmission electron microscopy contain planar defects on the (001) plane, superlattices, twins and a microstructure causing streaking of k≠3n rows. Analysis of the fringe contrast shows that the fault vectors associated with the planar defects are either R 1=±1/3 [010], R 2=±1/6 [310] or R 3=±1/6 [3 \(\bar 1\) 0]. Structural considerations indicate that a stacking fault R 1, R 2 or R 3 is most likely to exist in the octahedral layer rather than the potassium layer. The result of such a fault on a unit layer of mica is effectively to rotate it through ±120° about c* (equivalent to the common mica twin law). These stacking faults can provide the mechanism for producing the ±120° rotations associated with the common mica polytypes. Furthermore, many of the observed microstructures can be generated by these stacking faults.  相似文献   

17.
无论是与岩浆作用,还是与沉积作用或变质作用岩石相关形成的矿床均发生在地壳之中。事实上,成岩与成矿紧密的关系意味着要理解成矿作用就必须深入的认识整个地质时代地壳演化的特征。相应的研究有2个最基本的方向:其一是经验性的描述成矿构造环境和容矿岩石的研究;其二是构绘大陆演化与矿床在其演化中的时空位置的研究。前者已经获得相当多细致的研究;但后者研究上需要对大陆演化历史的全面理解,认识上就更为困难。特别是成矿作用传统认识上的局限性,难以将成矿作用置于活动的大陆聚散过程中去认识。笔者以全球活动构造的视角,从大陆生长速率、水圈和大气圈的演化、全球性热产物演变和海平面的变化的历史纪录角度,对活动的地球演化环境下的成矿作用进行总结探索,以激发对该领域更深入地研究。  相似文献   

18.
Convection in Aid of Adcumulus Growth   总被引:9,自引:5,他引:4  
MORSE  S. A. 《Journal of Petrology》1986,27(5):1183-1214
Sheet cooling occurs for most large magma bodies emplaced intothe earth's crust The convection that ensues is driven by thestove effect of the feeder, by cooling principally at the roof,and to an important degree by two-phase flow of crystal-liquidsuspensions accelerated by rapid crystal growth upon compression.Significant floor cooling through the cumulate substrate islimited to the early history of an intrusion. Thereafter a thermalmaximum in the T-Z profile (a latent-heat hump) always occursat the cumulus interface. If crystals grow, the latent heatis carried away chiefly by the magma. The solute rejected bythe growing interface is buoyant for mafic and ultramafic cumulatesbut dense for all felsic and feldspar-cotectic cumulates notcontaining cumulus iron oxide minerals. The rejected solute(RS) is light for calc-alkaline cumulates in general, a factprobably germane to the origin of rhyolite by sidewall crystallization. Near the cumulate interface, the ratio Rp of compositional tothermal effects on liquid density lies in the range 10–106,indicating a strong compositional control on density that cannotbe overcome by available thermal contrasts. The solidificationof the cumulate is enhanced by upward removal of light RS butimpeded by stagnation of dense RS. The existence of felsic flatfloor adcumulates proves that adcumulus growth can occur largelyby diffusion, as all other options are precluded. This resultis entirely consistent with known diffusivities of heat andmass, for accumulation rates near ? cm yr–1. When higheraccumulation rates occur, some residual liquid is trapped. Theflux ratio of heat to matter during adcumulus growth is about300 cal g–1. From the flux ratios and the one-dimensionalestimates of cooling rates, typical values of the thermal andcompositional gradients during adcumulus growth can be obtained.After a new batch of supercooled magma arrives the thermal gradientdrops from near infinity to > 5000? km–1 during nucleationand then to a steady state near 40?C km–1 at the interfaceduring adcumulus growth. The latent heat hump is paired with another thermal maximumabove the boundary layer, which is therefore a heat sink. Byconsideration of the thermal structure and the buoyancy of rejectedsolute it is determined that double diffusive convection isinconsistent with the adcumulus growth of any type of floorcumulate, and with any growth of an ultramafic cumulate. Infiltrationmetasomatism is an orthocumulus process rather than an adcumulusone, and it produces mesocumulates. Multiple stratification of magma will not arise from growthat the floor, but storage of buoyant RS in a polymerized layerrich in plagioclase component appears to occur on a rapid timescalein snowflake troctolite and may have led to anorthosite formationon a slow timescale in the Stillwater Complex. Magma stratificationby multiple injection is likely to be unstable to two-phaseconvection. Compaction of cumulates is limited to cases wheresufficiently thick crystal mush can be shown to exist, and suchthicknesses are rare in large intrusions. Compaction is thereforenot a general alternative to adcumulus growth. Cumulate theoryis very much alive and able to predict testable ideas aboutsilicate diffusivities and convection.  相似文献   

19.
Disc-shaped methane bubbles, often observed in marine sediments, result from growth in a medium that elastically resists expansion of the bubbles and yields by fracture. We have modeled this process to obtain estimates of growth times by using a reaction-diffusion model coupled to a linear elastic fracture mechanics (LEFM). For comparison, we also modeled the growth of a constant eccentricity bubble in a nonresistant medium. Discoidal bubbles that grow in sediments that obey LEFM grow much faster than spherical bubbles (two- to fourfold faster for the times and conditions tested here) and become more eccentric with time (aspect ratios falling from 0.3 to 0.03 over 8 d of growth). In addition, their growth is not continuous but punctuated by fracture events. Furthermore, under some conditions, LEFM predicts that bubble growth can become arrested, which is not possible for a bubble in a nonresistant medium, even for nonspherical bubbles. Cessation of growth occurs when the dissolved gas concentration gradient near the bubble surface disappears as a result of the increase in bubble gas pressure needed to overcome sediment elasticity.  相似文献   

20.
熊永兰 《地球科学进展》2011,26(10):1049-1049
《公共科学图书馆—综合》(PLoS ONE)杂志上的一篇采用元分析的文章指出,未来20年,全世界城市的爆炸性增长将对人口和全球环境构成重大威胁。  相似文献   

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