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1.
对天山乌鲁木齐河源1号冰川末端融水细菌进行分离,检测了分离菌株的生理生化表型特征,通过16S rRNA基因序列分析确定分离菌株的系统进化地位.结果表明:天山乌鲁木齐河源1号冰川融水中分离的36株代表菌株分属于5个系统发育类群、8个属,其中,Bacteroidetes和γ-Proteobacteria为优势类群,分别占41.7%和38.9%;在属水平上,假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)菌株占39%.依据菌株最适生长温度,36株分离菌株80%以上属于耐冷菌;产酶实验显示,大多数菌株同时产蛋白酶和脂肪酶,仅3株菌不产酶,6株菌同时产脂肪酶、淀粉酶、蛋白酶.耐药性试验表明,36株分离菌株对各种抗生素有不同程度的耐药,其中,7株菌对测试的10种抗生素均具有耐药性.研究结果将有助于了解天山乌鲁木齐河源1号冰川微生物物种多样性、生理多样性,同时为评估气候变化、人类活动对冰川微生物生理特性潜在的影响提供依据. 相似文献
2.
一株产铁载体细菌的筛选及其与云母的相互作用 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
产铁载体细菌与云母类矿物相互作用的研究有助于了解矿物生物风化和土壤形成的演化规律和机理。采用纯培养法
自南京龙山废钾矿区酸模根际土壤分离筛选到一株高产荧光铁载体的细菌Z6,通过16S rDNA 序列分析和生理生化反应将其
鉴定为假单胞菌属（Pseudomonas sp.）;通过室温静置培养试验研究Z6 菌株与云母的相互作用结果表明,细菌生长代谢前期
（8~15 d）快速产生大量铁载体,菌株与矿物共培养75 d 后,产铁载体细菌对云母类矿物确实产生了风化作用,黑云母组发
酵液中Fe 含量增加了211 倍,Si 含量增加了约27.8 倍,SEM 显示云母表面出现溶蚀坑,细菌可以在矿物表面形成生物膜或
矿物- 细菌复合物。不同矿物对共培养体系中细菌数量、荧光铁载体含量、溶液pH 的影响不同。 相似文献
3.
新疆东帕米尔高原慕士塔格峰洋布拉克冰川雪冰及融水中可培养细菌多样性分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用LB和PYGV两种培养基分离培养慕士塔格峰洋布拉克冰川雪冰及融水中可培养细菌,通过分离菌株16S rDNA的PCR-RFLP图谱和基于基因序列相似性的系统发育分析揭示细菌多样性。结果从样品中共分离到178株菌,分属于变形菌门（Proteobacteria）中的α-Proteobacteria、β-Proteobac-teria、γ-Proteobacteria纲,厚壁菌门（Firmicutes）,放线菌门（Actinobacteria）和拟杆菌门（Bacteroidetes）6个类群,以假单胞菌Pseudomonas、黄杆菌Flavobacterium、紫色杆菌Janthinobacterium为优势菌群。 LB和PYGV两种培养基在分离的细菌数量及种群多样性、优势菌属、特有菌属方面呈现一定差异。结果表明,慕士塔格峰洋布拉克冰川地区可培养细菌多样性丰富,且存在一定的地方特异性菌属,寡营养培养基更利于极端微生物的恢复生长。 相似文献
4.
喀斯特地区存在丰富的碳酸盐岩,是地球上最重要的碳库。碳酸酐酶(Carbonic anhydrase,CA)是地球上催化反应速率最快的几种酶之一,通过催化CO2的水合反应,不仅可以促进碳酸盐岩的风化,还可以通过吸收大气中的CO2来固定碳源。本研究目的是遴选喀斯特极度退化生境高CA活性菌株/菌群,探讨其用于喀斯特生态修复的可行性。利用碳酸钙培养基从喀斯特石质生境中分离筛选出产CA的菌株,并进行形态学观察、生理生化鉴定和分子生物学鉴定。通过CA活性的测定确定高CA活性的菌株,并比较单菌与多菌株组合群落的CA活性差异。利用碳酸钙培养基共分离得到产CA菌株6株,分别为耐药黄杆菌(Flavobacterium resistens)、食酸代尔夫特菌(Delftia acidovorans)、嗜根寡养单胞菌(Stenotrophomonas rhizophila)、食油假单胞菌(Pseudomonas oleovorans)、洞穴农杆菌(Agrobacterium cavarae)、白色杆菌(Bacillus albus),其中嗜根寡养单胞菌的CA活性最高,... 相似文献
5.
为探究长庆油田污染土壤中微生物对石油的降解特性,在该油田多个油井附近采集了10处含油污染土壤进行石油烃降解菌的筛选、分离及降解实验。通过对筛选出的四株石油烃降解菌株5-5、5-X、9-2、10-3进行革兰氏染色、菌落形态观察、生化理化试验及16S rDNA测序,鉴定出这四株菌株分别为醋酸钙不动杆菌（Acinetobacter calcoaceticus）、不动杆菌（Acinetobacter sp.）、蒙氏假单胞菌（Pseudomonas monteilii）和乳酸不动杆菌（Acinetobacter lactucae）。14 d降解实验结果显示,这四种菌株对总石油烃的降解率分别为50.92%、51.27%、78.30%和44.39%;尤其菌株Pseudomonas sp.9-2表现出优异的降解性能,且对不同组分石油烃（正构烷烃、异构烷烃及芳烃）的降解率分别达到了94.65%、69.73%和59.07%,对长链正构烷烃也体现出了较好的降解性能。另外,抗逆性试验结果表明菌株Pseudomonas sp.9-2对pH和盐度的耐受范围分别为5.0~10.0、0.5%~6.0%,表明该菌株对盐碱环境具有较好的适应性,可用于盐碱石油污染土壤的微生物修复研究。 相似文献
6.
采用4种分离培养基分离可培养酵母菌, 通过分析ITS区序列确定菌株的分类地位。利用多点接触法筛选产酶菌株, 并对菌株的生理生化特征进行比较分析。结果显示： 从乌鲁木齐河源1号冰川（简称乌源1号冰川）浅冰芯中一共分离得到317株酵母菌, 通过ITS rRNA基因序列的NCBI比对和MSP-PCR指纹分型分析发现其中45株为原红酵母菌（Rhodotorula）, 分为5个种R.glutinis、 R.araucariae、 R.mucilaginosa、 R.kratochvilovae和R.diobovata。通过方差分析和聚类分析对45株红酵母进行产酶差异分析, 揭示红酵母菌的各个种群与胞外酶活性的关系。所有菌株至少产两种胞外酶, 其中产纤维素酶菌株占98%, 产果胶酶菌株占100%, 产淀粉酶和脲酶的菌株各47%, 产蛋白酶和脂肪酶的菌株分别占20%和9%, 而菌株YHB-9、 YHB-15、 YHB-39和YHB-45可以产5种酶, 所有菌株都不产几丁质酶。19株菌的最适生长温度在21 ℃左右, 26株菌的最适生长温度在24 ℃左右, 属于耐冷酵母菌。此外, 乌源1号冰川浅冰芯中分离出的红酵母的产酶性状没有表现出物种特异性, 即种间差异不显著, 但产低温酶性能良好, 在生物技术应用方面具有良好的开发潜力。 相似文献
7.
十红滩铀矿床中微生物种类多样性及生态分布规律的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用生物学方法对新疆十红滩砂岩型铀矿各亚带矿石中参与C、N、S、Fe、O等元素循环的主要微生物菌群进行了研究.结果表明:在铀矿床中赋存着硫酸盐还原菌(SRB)、铁细菌(IB)、硫杆菌、硝化细菌、亚硝化细菌、反硝化细菌、芽孢菌等各类细菌.其中sRB种类较多,主要为脱硫弧菌属、脱硫肠状菌属、脱磺单胞菌属、脱硫杆菌性等.IB主要为鞘铁菌属、球衣菌属、瑙曼氏菌属和赭菌属.硫杆菌包括氧化硫硫杆菌、氧化亚铁硫杆菌、排硫硫杆菌、脱氮硫杆菌.硝化细菌主要为硝化杆菌属.亚硝化细菌主要为亚硝化单孢菌属.异养反硝化细菌为施氏假单胞菌和类鼻疽假单胞菌,自养反硝化细菌为脱氮硫杆菌.芽孢杆菌包括巨大芽孢杆菌、蜡状芽孢杆菌、侧孢芽孢杆菌、蜂房芽孢杆菌、球形芽孢杆菌.实验证明:各类细菌的种类和数量在铀矿床的空间分布上存在着一定的规律性对铀矿床的地球化学分带性具有一定的指示作用. 相似文献
8.
9.
地质微生物是沉积环境中铁、锰氧化还原循环的主要驱动因子,铁锰共存环境中二价铁氧化对不同铁、锰循环功能微生物活性的影响差异和机制尚不清楚.以铁还原菌Shewanella oneidensis MR-1、铁氧化菌Pseudogulbenkiania sp.strain 2002、锰氧化菌Pseudomonas putida MnB1和Leptothrix discophora SS-1作为代表性的铁、锰循环功能微生物,利用平板计数、荧光显微镜等手段探究了Fe(II)氧化对功能微生物活性的影响差异及机制.结果表明0.05 mM Fe2+氧化60 min可使MR-1和MnB1的活菌数量降低4~5个数量级,SS-1及S.2002无显著失活.Fe(II)氧化产生的吸附态。OH和胞内。OH是细菌失活的主要原因,胞外H2O2、胞外游离态。OH和三价铁氧化物是细菌失活的次要原因,SS-1及S.2002产生了氧化应激反应,成功抵御了活性氧化物种. 相似文献
10.
2009-2013年,从青海湖裸鲤内脏器官中共分离获得6株发光细菌,编号依次为Q1、Q2、Q3、Q4、Q5、Q6.这6株发光细菌细胞壁革兰氏染色均为阴性,细胞为杆状,大小为(0.5~0.8)μm×(1.0~1.5)μm,具有单极生鞭毛,有运动性.氧化酶和接触酶均呈阳性反应,能发酵葡萄糖产酸;吲哚试验和V-P试验均为阳性反应,能分泌淀粉酶、明胶酶、DNA酶,能将硝酸盐还原为亚硝酸盐.最适生长温度为20~25℃,最适生长pH为8.5~9.0.16S rDNA基因序列分析结果表明,6株发光菌与其亲缘关系最近的属为Vibrio(弧菌属),该属内和此次实验的6株发光菌亲缘关系最近的种Vibrio anguillarum(鳗弧菌)的16S rDNA序列相似值为99.57%.Biolog GenⅢ鉴定结果显示,该实验的6株发光菌在有氧条件下,在提供的71种碳源中,只能利用其中的30种,其中,糖类12种,氨基酸类5种,羧酸类4种,聚合物类2种,其他类7种.结合6株发光菌的形态学特征、生理生化特性、Biolog Gen III鉴定结果和分子生物学特性,将菌株鉴定为Vibrio anguillarum.该菌所具有的发光特性为首次报道. 相似文献
11.
C. I. Nnamchi M.Sc. J. A. N. Obeta MS.c. Ph.D. L. I. Ezeogu Ph.D. 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2006,3(2):181-190
Twenty-four bacteria capable of utilizing naphthalene, as their sole source of carbon and energy for growth were isolated from three different sites in Nsukka, Nigeria. By standard bacteriological methods, these bacteria were characterized taxonomically as belonging to the genus Pseudomonas, Burkholderia or Actinomycetes. Two of the isolates, which showed the highest growth during screening as demonstrated by an increase in their optical densities (OD600) and identified as Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Burkholderia cepacia respectively, were also able to grow in anthracene and carbazole, but not very much so in 2,4-dichlorophenol and D-camphor. The isolates showed a concentration-dependent growth in all the compounds they grew in. There were visible changes in the colour of the growth medium of the isolates during their incubation, suggesting the production of different metabolites. There were also changes in their medium pH during growth. These studies demonstrate the possession by the bacterial species of novel degradative systems. 相似文献
12.
Fast bioremediation of petroleum-contaminated soils by a consortium of biosurfactant/bioemulsifier producing bacteria 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
R. Barin M. Talebi D. Biria M. Beheshti 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2014,11(6):1701-1710
Biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons as a decontamination mechanism is a relatively slow process. This study aimed to investigate the impact of a tailored consortium of bacteria with higher capacities in biosurfactant production and biodegradation on the acceleration of the biodecontamination process. To this end, 18 biosurfactant producing bacteria were isolated from the crude oil-contaminated soil samples of Isfahan refinery, and the activity of the produced biosurfactants was measured in terms of surface tension reduction and emulsification E24 test. Then, the isolates screened for the biodegradation of kerosene hydrocarbons and chemical structure of the purified biosurfactants produced by the most efficient isolates were partially characterized. Next, the isolates were sorted based on their surfactant activity and biodegradation efficiency, and the higher ranked bacteria thus selected were utilized to form an efficient consortium removing hydrocarbons from the oil-contaminated soil samples in a slurry phase system. The consortium consisted of Bacillus subtilis tb1 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa species having the highest biodegradation capabilities and surface activities. The results revealed that the hydrocarbon removal efficiency of the consortium was at least 25 % higher than single species, and the final removal efficiency for the consortium could be reached in a considerably shorter time. 相似文献
13.
F. Hosseini F. Malekzadeh N. Amirmozafari N. Ghaemi 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2007,4(1):127-132
Sodium dodecyl sulphate, (SDS) is an anionic surfactant that widely used all over the world. They will eventually end-up and accumulate in household or industrial sewage. Due to their high foaming capabilities, which can cause numerous problems in sewage treatment facilities as well as direct toxic effects on many different organisms in ecosystem; they are generally considered as serious pollutants. In this survey, two different bacteria were isolated from Tehran municipal activated sludge. Biochemical tests as well as 16S rRNA gene sequencing for identification have been applied. After experiments to optimize the pH and temperature for growth of the two bacterial isolates, the extent of SDS utilization was evaluated by HPLC method. Two bacterial isolates show which ability to rapidly and actively degrade SDS upon using it as their sole source of carbon. The identification tests have indicated the two isolates to be Acinetobacter johnsoni and Pseudomonas beteli. The Pseudomonas beteli and Acinetobacter johnsoni isolates were able to degrade 97.2% and 96.4% of the original SDS levels after 10 days of growth; respectively. Mixed culture of the two isolates did not significantly increase SDS utilization, (97.6%). In conclusion, the results of this study suggest that growth of simple bacteria such as Acinetobacter or Pseudomonas in household and industrial sewage can be cost-effective method anionic surfactants elimination. 相似文献
14.
The surface microlayer population of two estuarine sites was sampled to determine the numbers of bacteria present. Random isolates from one site were examined taxonomically, with subsurface and sediment samples taken for comparison. There were 130 to 5000 times more bacterial cells per ml in the surface microlayer as compared to the subsurface water, agreeing with the observations of other investigators. The surface population was found to be different taxonomically from the subsurface and sediment isolates. Pseudomonads predominated among the surface isolates while ca. onethird of the subsurface isolates werePseudomonas species.Alcaligenes species were found only in the subsurface population and comprised nearly one-half of these isolates. The majority of the surface and subsurface bacteria required no salts for growth, whereas most of the sediment bacterial isolates required either Na+ or Mg++. 相似文献
15.
全球海相拉丁阶-卡尼阶界线（Ladinian-Carnian Boundary,LCB）层型已经确定意大利的Prati Di Stuores/Stuores Wiesen剖面,菊石Daxatina canadensis（Whiteaves）的首现位置标志着卡尼阶的底界.该界线通常被认为与牙形石Quadralella polygnathiformis或者Budurovignathus diebeli的首现接近,然而该界线在我国的确定却存在一定争议.一方面,由于主要的标志菊石Daxatina canadensis缺乏;另一方面,菊石（如Trachyceras）生物地层确定的界线比起牙形石生物地层确定的界线要高许多.如在我国华南海相LCB地层发育最好的贵州西南地区,依据菊石一般将LCB置于竹杆坡组顶部附近,而依据牙形石生物地层,则又置LCB于竹杆坡组底部附近.贵州贞丰龙场大坪子剖面杨柳井组上部发育有牙形石Quadralella polygnathiformis和Budurovignathus属分子共生的过渡层,其时代可能归入卡尼阶的第一个亚阶Cordevolian.是以贵州贞丰龙场大坪子剖面的LCB可能置于杨柳井组上部.但是,确定我国海相LCB仍需综合牙形石、菊石等生物地层,辅以磁性地层以及绝对年龄等多手段的研究来互相印证. 相似文献
16.
The waters of Naples Bay, Florida, and associated waterways were monitored for potentially pathogenic bacteria, specificallyVibrio cholerae, V. parahaemolyticus, Salmonella, andPseudomonas aeruginosa. Ten to twelve stations were sampled over a period of eleven months.Vibrio cholerae was recovered in 33.6% of the 116 total samples andSalmonella in 28.4% of the samples. The results show that these bacteria exist in these waters and can be recovered from areas with both high and low numbers of total and fecal coliforms. 相似文献
17.
A.-M. Ertel A. Lupo N. Scheifhacken T. Bodnarchuk O. Manturova T. U. Berendonk T. Petzoldt 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2012,65(5):1459-1473
A pronounced pollution of surface water bodies in the Western Bug River Basin, Ukraine, has been caused by outdated or overloaded
wastewater treatment plants, agriculture, industry and coal mining. These pressures have led to a generally poor state of
both chemical and microbiological variables creating health risks of various kinds. The state of surface water quality for
the Western Bug and five main tributaries was assessed by measuring physical, chemical and microbiological indicators during
field campaigns in autumn 2009 and spring 2010. Longitudinal profiles were sampled to identify major sources of pollution
and to reveal dominant processes of matter turnover. In addition, the occurrence of antibiotic resistant strains in isolates
from stations along the Bug River was investigated. Results clearly underpin the negative impact of the Poltva River as a
major source of pollution for the Bug River and further outline an elevated potential health risk from pathogenic bacteria
originating from this source. Despite these devastating impacts, a high elimination potential of the Bug River with respect
to primary organic loads as well as elimination of pathogenic bacteria was observed particularly at Dobrotvir Reservoir. Further
downstream, pollution is kept high because of untreated waste effluents and phytoplankton mass developments due to high phosphorus
concentrations. 相似文献
18.
Previous studies show the importance of iron- and arsenate-reducing bacteria in mobilizing arsenic in groundwater. Here the authors present experimental evidence of arsenic mobilization in connection with bacterially mediated manganese reduction in groundwater affected by mining activities. Manganese-reducing Pseudomonas species were enriched, isolated and identified by 16S rRNA gene phylogeny from groundwater containing high co-dissolved arsenic (as AsIII) and manganese. Enrichment cultures dissolved synthetic birnessite and hausmannite efficiently, but Mn reduction by isolates was reduced at the upper range of environmental levels of dissolved AsIII. Results suggest either a self-limiting release of arsenic coupled to bacterial manganese reduction, in the absence of other electron donors like sulfide, or increased arsenic resistance conferred to Mn-reducing bacteria in consortia. 相似文献