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1.
浅埋采场初次来压顶板砂土层载荷传递研究 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
通过实测发现了厚砂土层载荷传递现象,提出了顶板关键层载荷层载荷传递因子的概念。运用动态载荷相似材料模拟实验,得出了初次来压期间厚砂土层的“拱形”和“弧拱形”破坏特征,建立了载荷传递力学模型,得出了初次来压载荷传递因子的计算公式。 相似文献
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酒西坳陷部分原油生物标记物特征异常分析 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
酒西坳陷大部分原油的生物标记物分布特征较单一,主要表现为三环萜烷、降新藿烷、C30重排藿烷和重排甾烷不发育,伽玛蜡烷相对比较发育,C29甾烷异构化参数较低,一般在0.45~0.5之间,尚未达异构化终点,反映其源岩成熟度并不高。此类原油主要源于青西凹陷下沟组沉积于较强还原环境的藻纹层泥质白云岩。此外,酒西坳陷还发现了部分在生物标记物特征上有别于该区“主体原油”的原油,其表现为三环萜烷、C29Ts、C30重排藿烷和重排甾烷、伽玛蜡烷相对比较发育,而且部分原油(如窿8井、窿4井和窿10井原油)成熟度较高,甾烷C2920S/(20S+20R)值高达0.56~0.58(已达异构化终点),属酒西坳陷成熟度最高的原油,特别是这些原油中绝大部分的C29ββ/(ββ+αα)值也高于“主体原油”,表明其经受了较长距离的运移。根据生物标记物所反映的沉积环境和生源前身物分析以及将其与酒东坳陷主要源于赤金堡组的原油的比较结果,认为在酒西坳陷中,这部分相对于“主体原油”而言的生标特征异常原油可能源于青西凹陷深部的赤金堡组,这一认识对酒泉盆地的深层油气勘探具有实际指导意义。 相似文献
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东营凹陷流体超压封存箱与油气运聚 总被引：15，自引：0，他引：15
东营凹陷古近系由于压实不均衡和生烃作用导致超压的广泛发育,这些发育程度不同的超压体系可以构成不同级别的超压封存箱系统,控制着油气的运移和聚集。东营凹陷超压封存箱中的地质地球化学特征显示封存箱可以划分为三部分:箱缘成岩地带(封隔层),对油气起着封闭作用;烃类的有利释放带,其中超压得到一定程度释放,烃类较大程度上排出,可以称为排烃的高峰带;烃类滞留带,该带中超压未能得到很好释放,烃类也多滞留于其中,为排烃的不利地带。幕式排放是超压封存箱排液的一种重要排液方式,存在“压力幕”和“构造幕”两类方式。“构造幕”的机制是外部构造活动的破坏,其排烃方式主要是沿着断裂面及构造裂缝运移;“压力幕”的机制是超压体系内部“剩余”能量的积累和释放,其排烃方式主要是沿着压裂形成的微裂缝排放。在发生幕式排烃作用的超压体系内,排烃效率、烃指数分别较上下层段明显增大和减小。幕式排烃具有的高能量、快运移的特征,使得其在油气勘探中具有重要的意义。东营凹陷可以划分为浅层的常压开放性流体动力学系统和中部的超压封存箱流体动力学系统两类流体动力学系统(排除深层滞留系统),分别对应常压开放性它源油气成藏动力学及超压封存箱型自源油气成藏动力学两类不同成藏机制。 相似文献
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自燃发火倾向性是煤自燃火灾的主要影响因素之一。通过对国内外煤自燃倾向性鉴定方法的分析, 指出了我国现行的煤自燃倾向性的不足之处。根据煤自燃机理的煤、氧复合理论,建立了依据煤在低温氧化过程中的吸氧率、放热强度和着火燃烧阶段的活化能作为鉴定煤自燃发火倾向性影响因素的模糊综合评判新方法。在此基础上,用热重分析方法测试了5种煤样在相同条件的指标参数,建立模糊综合评判模型,通过模糊运算得出评判5种煤样自燃发火倾向性的综合指标。验证表明,该方法有较强的实用性,其评判结果与5种煤样的实际自燃发火期趋势一致。 相似文献
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火山温室气体释放通量与观测的研究进展 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
《矿物岩石地球化学通报》2015,(4)
火山活动是地球深部碳循环的重要环节,火山区不仅在火山喷发期能够释放温室气体,而且在休眠期也能向大气圈中释放大量的温室气体。在当前全球温室气体减排的背景下,定量化地研究火山区对大气圈温室气体含量增加的贡献,对于识别自然因素和人类因素碳排放的相对规模、为国际碳排放谈判积累基础数据等均具有至关重要的科学价值和现实意义。本文对火山区温室气体的排放方式与特征、温室气体释放通量与成因的研究方法进行了简要概括,并综述了中国新生代典型火山区温室气体释放通量与成因的研究成果。结合国外温室气体排放研究现状,指出深入研究活火山(包括休眠火山)区的温室气体释放通量与成因对于估算火山来源温室气体的释放规模、建立火山未来喷发预测-预警体系、深入理解岩浆脱气过程与机制等问题均具有至关重要的现实意义和科学价值。 相似文献
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北京郊区农田土壤中HCH残留调查及评价 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
北京郊区农田分析区的土壤样品中,均有不同程度的各种HCH异构体检出.在所测样品中,HCH异构体平均含量由高到低排序为σ-HCH、β-HCH、γ-HCH、α-HCH,而且在各个样品中γ-HCH都没有占据主导地位,说明在土壤中没有新的HCH进入.与商品HCH进行比较,w(α-HCH)和w(γ-HCH)明显下降,w(β-HCH)和w(σ-HCH)却相对上升了,分析得出异构体之间的降解转化速率由大到小排序为α-HCH、γ-HCH、σ-HCH、β-HCH.初步评价近年没有新的HCH来源污染本区,但仍有一定风险. 相似文献
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从华北西部和南部五个煤矿取得的石炭、二叠系腐殖煤的饱和烃馏分中,经GC和GC/MS分析，检测出了较丰富的二萜类生物标志物。根据质谱特征与卡瓦保留值，并对照文献谱图，确认其中包括五个具有贝壳松烷骨架的四环二萜烷(即ent-白叶烷、16α(H)-和16β(H)-扁枝烷、16α(H)-和16β(H)-贝壳松烷)，以及一个三环的异海松烷。一个完整的四环二萜烷系列在我国华北石炭、二叠系腐殖煤中的发现在北半球很可能属首次。这些二萜类内组成在时间和空间上的差异分布，可能反映古植物群演化与分布的变化。扁枝烷和贝壳松烷的立体化学构型，可提供重要的有机成熟度信息。 相似文献
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在地貭科学1959年第8期上发表了高钟等著“估算含水层厚度H及最大湧水量Qmax的新公式”一文,其內容是从一次抽水降深来估算含水层厚度H及最大湧水量Qmax,它企图以一次抽水資料来确定湧水量公式:Q=aS-βS2中的α、β,然后再利用α/β=4Smax 的关系求出H及Qmax。在代数问题中在任何情况下用一个方程式解含有两个未知数的問題是不可能的。 相似文献
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关于重力勘查的高度改正应采用何种高程系统的讨论 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
重力勘查的观测值必须进行正常场与高度改正,为此要测量重力测点的平面位置与高程,尤其对高程测量精度要求甚严。以前测地工作使用经纬仪、水准仪和测距仪等,高程系统按“规范”(1)采用大地水准面的“正高系统”.近来全球卫星定位系统(GPS)开始应用于重力勘查中,GPS测量的高程为WGS-84的“大地高系统”,这样需要把“大地高”换算到“正高”.这样做即要花费许多工作量,又会增加换算中产生的误差。本文通过对地球正常重力场理论公式的分析,认为可以采用GPS测量的大地高进行重力高度改正。 相似文献
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内蒙古大青山煤田包括拴马桩煤系和石拐煤系,其中石拐煤系五当沟组的G、J、L煤层是大青山煤田主要可采煤层,煤岩组分中镜质组占绝对优势,具有较强的生烃能力。依据有关矿区瓦斯涌出量连续观测显示,该区瓦斯涌出量大,并随开采深度增加而加大。在构造上本区位于大青山复背斜南翼,压扭性构造发育,对煤层气起到较好的圈闭作用,在五当沟组中分布的致密油页岩在纵向上阻止了煤层气的逸散。根据大青山煤田各种地质因素分析．认为大青山煤田蕴藏着丰富的煤层气资源,煤田的北部、中部可作为重点开发区。 相似文献
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A. Saghafi 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2014,61(3):453-462
A new site-specific (Tier 3) method has been developed to determine greenhouse gas emissions from open coal mining. The Tier 3 method presented here is based on extensive measurement of gas emissions from open-cut coal mines and the physics of gas desorption from coal. It was adopted by Australian National Greenhouse and Energy Reporting in 2009 and since 2012 formed the scientific basis for the Australian Government guidelines on calculating greenhouse gas emissions from open cut mines. The main strength of this method is its site-specific nature and accuracy, as well as its ability to be integrated with routine coal exploration programs. New concepts were produced for the model: a coal mine is regarded as a ‘gas reservoir,’ with coal seam gas being emitted from a ‘gas release zone’ that consists of sedimentary geological units (emission layers) above and below the base of the mine. The primary data required for the method are the in situ gas content and gas composition of the coal and carbonaceous rocks contained within the gas-release zone. These data are obtained through direct measurement of gas desorption from bore cores. To reduce gas drilling, a mine lease is compartmentalised into ‘gas zones’ of similar gas content and reservoir properties. The outputs of the method are emission density (the potential volume of gas emitted from mining site per unit area of the ground surface) and emission factor (the gas volume emitted per tonne of raw coal extracted). Owing to spatial variability and errors of measurement, the estimate of emissions is associated with uncertainty. A simple method of calculating uncertainty of emissions is presented in this work. 相似文献
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煤基碳排放构成了中国碳排放总量中最重要的部分,做好煤基碳减排和煤炭高效洁净低碳化利用是实现“碳中和”国家目标的重要途径,碳中和背景下的煤地质学发展值得关注。系统评述与碳中和相关的煤地质学研究领域,分析煤地质学在碳中和研究与工程实践中的作用和应用前景,探讨碳中和背景下煤地质学的重要发展方向。取得以下认识:推进清洁煤地质研究、服务煤的高效洁净化燃烧,勘探开发煤系天然气低碳燃料、优化一次能源结构和化石能源结构,开展煤化工资源勘查与开发地质保障研究、推动煤炭的低碳能源转化和新型煤化工产业发展,深化瓦斯地质研究、提高煤矿瓦斯（井下）抽采率、控制煤矿瓦斯的大气排放和泄漏,研究煤层甲烷天然逸散和煤层自燃排放、控制煤层露头的天然排放,发展煤层CO2地质封存与煤层气强化开发（CO2-ECBM）技术、推动碳捕获、利用与封存（CCUS）技术发展及其在火力电厂烟气碳减排中的商业化应用,研究煤炭勘查企业的碳足迹、实现企业净零排放,是与煤地质学紧密相关的碳减排技术路径;其中煤层甲烷与煤系气高效勘探开发、深部煤层CO2-ECBM、煤层露头气体逸散与自燃发火控制、洁净煤地质与煤炭精细勘查是碳中和背景下煤地质学优先发展的重要领域。 相似文献
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D. Majumdar A. Chintada J. Sahu C. V. Chalapati Rao 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2013,10(5):995-1006
Information on emissions from restaurant industry is limited in scientific literature. Emission inventory of greenhouse and non-greenhouse air pollutants from restaurant industry was prepared for two Class 1 Indian cities, viz. Nagpur and Raipur for 2010. Emissions were estimated from a primary database on type and amount of cooking fuel combusted in restaurant industry in the selected cities. Liquefied petroleum gas, charcoal, wood, coal, diesel and candy coal are used in this industry, first three being the major ones. Carbon dioxide emission was highest in both cities and liquefied petroleum gas, charcoal and wood were the major contributors to emissions. Total annual emissions of greenhouse gases, viz. carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide were estimated to be 19,251, 27 and 1 Mg year?1 in Nagpur and 21,207, 34 and 1 Mg year?1 in Raipur, whereas total annual emissions of non-methane hydrocarbon (NMHC), carbon monoxide, total suspended particulate (TSP), sulphur dioxide, nitrogen oxides and black carbon (BC) were 96, 959, 31, 12, 19, 3 Mg year?1 and 87, 1141, 78, 37, 28, 6 Mg year?1 in Nagpur and Raipur, respectively, from all the fuels used in restaurant industry. Considering the huge growth of Indian restaurant industry in the last decade and the predicted growth in future, emissions from this industry is assumed to grow and will play a major role in governing regional and national emissions in India. 相似文献
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通过超声波模拟试验, 研究了煤层陷落柱的反射波组和绕射波组特征以及绕射波组对反射波组特征的影响。结果表明, 煤田高分辨率地震勘探资料在目的层埋深200～500 m时, 经过三维偏移后, 可以将菲涅耳带半径收缩到1/5～1/3, 能够准确地解释直径大于30 m的陷落柱;对直径为15～30 m的陷落柱解释结果也较为可靠, 有效地提高了勘探精度。 相似文献
18.
Liang Wang Yuan-ping Cheng Feng-hua An Hong-xing Zhou Sheng-li Kong Wei Wang 《Natural Hazards》2014,71(1):85-107
The Huaibei coalfield is in the East China Economic Area, which is rich in coal and gas resources. However, hundreds of coal and gas outburst accidents have occurred because of the complex geological structures of the coalfield. Based on theoretical analysis and field statistics, the characteristics of regional geological structures and the coal measure strata evolution in the Huaibei coalfield were researched, and gas resource distribution and gas parameters were statistically analyzed to determine the dominant controlling factors of gas occurrence and gas dynamic disaster. The results indicated that the Huaibei coalfield has undergone complex tectonic evolution, causing obvious differences in gas storage in different blocks of different mining areas, which exhibits a pattern of high amounts of gas in the south and east, and low amounts of gas in the north and west. The coal seam and gas occurrence have a bipolar distribution in the coalfield caused by multiple tectonic movements, and they are deeply buried. Horizontal tectonic stress plays a dominant role in gas outburst, and the thermal evolution and trap effects of magma intrusion increase the possibility and extent of gas outburst. Considering coal seam and gas occurrence characteristics in the coalfield, we propose a new technology for deep coal reservoir reconstruction which combined present underground regional gas control methods and surface well extraction methods. The technology has three effects: developing gas resources, improving coal mining safety level and reducing greenhouse gas emissions, which has been practiced to be effective in coal mines in the Huaibei coalfield. 相似文献
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邯邢煤田煤系及其上覆地层中常有岩浆岩侵入体穿插。通过调查研究发现：侵入体的大小不同，其对地下水影响表现不一；区域上的岩体使地下水运动受阻隔，而穿插于煤系地层中的薄层岩脉则往往形成含、储水空间，成为导水通道；而且岩浆岩体的存在对地下水的化学成分还有一定的影响。因而，认识和分析岩浆岩侵入体的水文地质意义，对于客观分析煤（井）田的水文地质条件，尤其对矿井生产中防治水工作具有积极的意义。 相似文献
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Control of gas emissions in underground coal mines 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
Klaus Noack 《International Journal of Coal Geology》1998,35(1-4)
A high level of knowledge is now available in the extremely relevant field of underground gas emissions from coal mines. However, there are still tasks seeking improved solutions, such as prediction of gas emissions, choice of the most suitable panel design, extension of predrainage systems, further optimization of postdrainage systems, options for the control of gas emissions during retreat mining operations, and prevention of gas outbursts. Research results on these most important topics are presented and critically evaluated. Methods to predict gas emissions for disturbed and undisturbed longwall faces are presented. Prediction of the worked seam gas emission and the gas emission from headings are also mentioned but not examined in detail. The ventilation requirements are derived from the prediction results and in combination with gas drainage the best distribution of available air currents is planned. The drainage of the gas from the worked coal seam, also referred to as predrainage, can be performed without application of suction only by over or underworking the seam. But in cases where this simple method is not applicable or not effective enough, inseam-boreholes are needed to which suction is applied for a relatively long time. The reason for this is the low permeability of deep coal seams in Europe. The main influences on the efficiency of the different degasing methods are explained. Conventional gas drainage employing cross measure boreholes is still capable of improvement, in terms of drilling and equipment as well as the geometrical borehole parameters and the operation of the overall system. Improved control of gas emissions at the return end of retreating faces can be achieved by installation of gas drainage systems based on drainage roadways or with long and large diameter boreholes. The back-return method can be operated safely only with great difficulty, if at all. Another method is lean-gas drainage from the goaf. The gas outburst situation in Germany is characterized by events predominantly in the form of ‘nonclassical' outbursts categorized as ‘sudden liberation of significant quantities of gas'. Recent research results in this field led to a classification of these phenomena into five categories, for which suitable early detection and prevention measures are mentioned. 相似文献