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1.
MIS 3晚期以来江苏中部海岸的层序地层 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
通过对苏北岸外西洋潮流通道内钻孔和地震剖面的地层沉积学、年代地层学、地震地层学和层序地层学等多学科再研究,以及区域钻孔再对比,本文确定该海域约从35kaBP(14C惯用年龄)开始经历了滨岸砂坝、淡水湖沼、河流泛滥平原、滨岸沼泽、潮流沙脊和潮流通道一系列的环境演变,主要受控于MIS3晚期以来的海平面旋回以及古河流入海沉积物供给,而构造沉降是相对次要的,由此形成了五级层序地层中的末次冰期晚间冰阶准层序和冰后期准层序,以及前者的高水位体系域和强制海退楔体系域、后者的海侵体系域和高水位体系域。海域中潮流沙脊可能开始发育于冰后期海侵淹没本区(约9calkaBP)之后,但一直只是水下暗沙且处在不断调整之中,直到1128～1855AD间黄河夺淮从苏北入黄海,大量泥沙充填潮道,部分水下暗沙出露海面成为明沙。西洋潮流通道并非是晚全新世期间通过沙脊的蚀低而形成,而在全新世高海面前后就已具雏形并持续至1128AD,1128～1855AD和1855AD至今分别经历了充填淤浅与冲刷成型的过程,且今后具有进一步展宽刷深的趋势。 相似文献
2.
南黄海潮成辐射砂脊群的面积约为20000km2，以160° 的角度从弓京港向海展开。它与以弓京港为顶点的辐聚辐散潮流场相伴而生。60余个钻孔揭示，毗邻海区辐射砂脊体系的江苏沿岸平原上存在一个面积约3000 km2潮成砂区，其顶点位于东台，同样呈扇形以130°的角度向东展开。在潮成砂区内潮成砂质沉积单元位于冰后期海侵型砂坝-湖沉积层之上，二者之间具明显的冲刷面。砂坝-湖沉积层位于晚更新世基底硬粘土层之上，二者之间有较长的沉积间断。潮成砂沉积层上覆潮坪沉积层，二者呈渐变关系。以潮成砂层底部的侵蚀面为界，其下为海侵序列，其上为海退序列。古潮流的研究揭示，潮成砂区内同样存在辐聚辐散的古潮流场，其顶点位于东台附近。由此推断，沿海平原的潮成砂区内也是辐射状潮成砂脊体系，它形成于全新世海退时期。由于长江和黄河三角洲的前展，以东台为顶点的潮成砂脊体系逐渐暴露成陆。陆上和海域潮成辐射砂脊群形成于相同的潮汐动力环境，但处在不同的发育阶段，前者形成于全新世中期，后者发育于全新世晚期。矿物分析揭示，陆上和海区的潮成辐射砂脊体系主要由长江和黄河沉积物组成，其中长江沉积物由南向北运移，且时间较早；黄河沉积物由北向南运移，时间较迟，这种泥沙的运移趋势一直延续至今。随着海平面上升趋于减缓，长江三角洲增长，江苏海岸线向外推进，苏北潮成砂区逐渐出露成陆。1128年黄河由苏北入海，大量的黄河沉积物的加入，加快了本区海岸线的推进速度。潮成辐射砂脊体系与辐聚辐散的潮流场相伴而生，全新世最大海侵以来，辐聚辐散的潮流场的位置曾经历三次变化，第一次以长江古河口湾为顶点，第二次位于现今陆上潮成砂区，第三次位于以弓京港为顶点的现代海域，代表了潮成辐射砂脊体系发育的三个阶段。只是长江古河口湾的潮成辐射砂脊体系由于河流的巨大改造作用，可能未很好保存，至今未发现典型的辐射砂脊体系。 相似文献
3.
主要基于华北平原上93个钻孔中沉积物详细观测和分析数据,结合182组14C测年和埋深数据、参考前人黄河下游河道历史变迁及其他相关研究成果,估算出2600年以来黄河下游在602BC～11A.D.,11～1034A.D.,1034～1128A.D.,1128～1855A.D.和1855～1997A.D.等5个历史时期的年平均沉积量分别是3.89×108t/a,2.24×108t/a,6.63×108t/a,6.78×108t/a和8.47×108t/a。通过建立黄河下游有无堤防和决溢频率与泥沙输移比的关系,计算出5个时期黄河上中游的平均年输沙量分别是6.2×108t/a,6.8×108t/a,8.3×108t/a,11.5×108t/a和15.3×108t/a。进而探讨了黄河输沙量变化的主要原因,以及历史上王景治河后出现的600年安流时期的原因。 相似文献
4.
黄河下游河段河床淤积严重,目前面临的主要问题是: 1)20世纪90年代以来,由于水沙矛盾加剧,河道萎缩,主槽过洪能力锐减,平滩流量在一些河段已由80年代的5000m3·s-1降至目前的3000m3·s-1;2)由于水沙变化,20世纪70年代开始在局部河段出现的“二级悬河”,现已逐渐在上游的河南段和下游的山东段发展到210km多.研究表明,黄河下游的淤积是自然地质过程,应亟待开展黄河下游河道远景学研究. 相似文献
5.
南黄海中部沉积物岩芯常量元素组成与古环境 总被引：9，自引：2，他引：7
南黄海中部三个晚第四纪沉积物岩芯的粒度和常量元素组成研究表明,岩芯YS1和YS2沉积物组成接近,而与YS3沉积物明显不同.根据元素地球化学参数推测沉积物的来源不同,YS1和YS2沉积物主要来自中国大陆,以长江沉积物为主;而YS3沉积物则主要来自朝鲜半岛,长江和黄河的细粒沉积物可能通过黄海暖流输运而影响该岩芯沉积.南黄海中部沉积物受黄海暖流的影响显著,暖流形成前后的沉积物物源及沉积环境并不相同.黄海暖流靠近中国大陆一侧沉积区域的沉积环境由于气旋型涡旋的影响,水动力环境较弱,粒径较细,沉积速率缓慢;而靠近朝鲜半岛一侧的粗粒沉积物则由于靠近南黄海东北部的潮成砂体区,水动力环境相对较强,沉积物颗粒较粗,沉积物的形成过程与中部明显不同. 相似文献
6.
西汉末—北宋黄河三角洲（公元11～1099年）的沉积记录 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
西汉末—北宋黄河三角洲是在很浅的水域发育的。在1855年海岸线内侧数千米处三角洲厚度只有12 m左右。无论是整个三角洲,还是水下三角洲各个组成部分（前三角洲、三角洲前缘）都比现代黄河三角洲相应部分要薄。前三角洲之上在不同地点发育三角洲前缘粉砂或者分流间湾黏土质粉砂。推测这一时期三角洲上多条分流同时活动。三角洲中有孔虫和介形虫属种和数量都与下伏陆架沉积物的有明显差别,且自下而上显示越来越受入海河水影响。与苏北、现代黄河三角洲沉积物中生物丰度的比较可以看出沉积速率的增加,反映这一历史时期黄河入海泥沙增加以及黄土高原侵蚀越来越严重。 相似文献
7.
Pt/Pd比值在研究区分布呈显著的区域特征.南黄海沿岸流输送物质以Pt/Pd > 1为特征, 为古黄河三角洲来源; 长江流域来源物质以Pt/Pd≤1为特征.长江物源组分的影响范围广, 在125°E、33°N沉积物中还能发现受长江物质的明显影响.除了源岩中Pt、Pd分配因素外, 黄河和长江流域不同类型和程度的风化作用对沉积物中Pt、Pd分异起着关键的控制作用.虽然沉积物中氯含量、粒度效应在一定程度上影响着Pt、Pd分布, 但是没有造成显著的Pt、Pd分馏.Pt/Pd≤1区域中元素组成和长江沉积物的组成特征一致, 呈现比较强的硅质风化作用; Pt/Pd > 1区域沉积物中的元素组成和黄河沉积物一致, K/Na-Rb/Sr图解显示古黄河物质在再侵蚀、搬运和沉积过程中化学成分进一步分异. 相似文献
8.
渤海湾及其沿岸是中国海洋地质与第四纪地质研究程度最高的地区之一。虽然研究成果众多,但仍有一些基础的地质问题亟待解决。比如,晚更新世晚期黄河是否流经渤海湾?全新世黄河在渤海湾及其沿岸形成的多期次三角洲叶瓣在海域如何展布?以上问题一直是中国海洋地质研究中备受关注的热点话题。借助2016-2017年在渤海湾获取的约2000 km的浅地层剖面数据、2个30 m左右的取芯钻孔（BXZK2017-1和BXZK2017-2孔）及相应的AMS 14C和OSL测年数据,同时结合前人的一些浅剖数据和钻孔的研究成果,将渤海湾中部晚更新世以来的地层自上而下划分出4个地震单元（SU1~SU4）和6个沉积单元（DU1-DU6）,分别对应前三角洲相、潮坪与浅海、泛滥平原、河道相、海陆交互相、湖沼相。在此基础上综合探讨渤海湾晚更新世晚期以来总体的地层框架和沉积演化特征。研究表明：黄河可能在21.8~9 cal ka BP,由近东西向流经渤海湾北部进入渤海中部盆地;全新世以来,渤海湾从西北侧至南侧,依次分布4期次的三角洲叶瓣,对应的发育时间可能分别是1400 AD~现在、11~1128 AD、700 BC~11 AD和1855~现在;渤海湾西侧最北两期次的水下三角洲可能主要与海河有关,而南侧其余2期次三角洲叶瓣则可能分别对应岐口超级叶瓣以及现代黄河三角洲超级叶瓣。加深了解渤海湾晚更新世晚期以来的地层序列演化、古河道发育以及全新世三角洲在渤海湾的展布情况,将有助于渤海湾海岸带开发、海底工程建设以及地质灾害防范等。 相似文献
9.
Past methane release events and environmental conditions at the upper continental slope of the South China Sea: constraints by seep carbonates 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Xiqiu Han Erwin Suess Volker Liebetrau Anton Eisenhauer Yongyang Huang 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2014,103(7):1873-1887
Authigenic carbonates and seep biota are archives of seepage history and record paleo-environmental conditions at seep sites. We obtained the timing of past methane release events at the northeastern slope of the South China Sea based on U/Th dating of seep carbonates and seep bivalve fragments from three sites located at 22°02′–22°09′N, 118°43′–118°52′E (water depths from 473 to 785 m). Also, we were able to reconstruct the paleo-bottom water temperatures by calculating the equilibrium temperature using the ages, the corresponding past δ18O of seawater (δ18Osw) and the δ18O of the selected samples formed in contact with bottom seawater with negligible deep fluid influence. A criterion consists of mineralogy, redox-sensitive trace elements and U/Th-isotope systematics is proposed to identify whether the samples were formed from pore water or have been influenced by deep fluid. Our results show that all methane release events occurred between 11.5 ± 0.2 and 144.5 ± 12.7 ka, when sea level was about 62–104 m lower than today. Enhanced methane release during low sea-level stands seems to be modulated by reduced hydrostatic pressure, increased incision of canyons and increased sediment loads. The calculated past bottom water temperature at one site (Site 3; water depth: 767–771 m) during low sea-level stands 11.5 and 65 ka ago ranges from 3.3 to 4.0 °C, i.e., 1.3 to 2.2 °C colder than at present. The reliability of δ18O of seep carbonates and bivalve shells as a proxy for bottom water temperatures is critically assessed in light of 18O-enriched fluids that might be emitted from gas hydrate and/or clay dehydration. Our approach provides for the first time an independent estimate of past bottom water temperatures of the upper continental slope of the South China Sea. 相似文献
10.
苏北滨海平原全新世沉积物物源研究--元素地球化学与重矿物方法比较 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
运用元素地球化学与重矿物方法对苏北滨海平原全新世沉积物物源进行的比较研究表明,沉积物形成主要由长江与黄河提供物质来源,且又以黄河物源为主。全新世早期长江物质对本区影响范围大于黄河,黄河供给泥沙量较少,对本区影响主要在北部、中部地区。全新世最大海侵之后,黄河曾由苏北入海并携带了大量泥沙,其影响范围明显大于长江,长江仅由狭窄的汊道提供有限的物质而影响范围较小。最近2000年来本区沉积物物源主要由黄河提供。分析表明元素地球化学方法在沉积物物源判别时,可有效的避免水动力因素影响,而相对重矿物方法取得较好的效果。 相似文献
11.
苏北滨海平原全新世沉积物物源研究--元素地球化学与重矿物方法比较 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
运用元素地球化学与重矿物方法对苏北滨海平原全新世沉积物物源进行的比较研究表明,沉积物形成主要由长江与黄河提供物质来源,且又以黄河物源为主。全新世早期长江物质对本区影响范围大于黄河,黄河供给泥沙量较少,对本区影响主要在北部、中部地区。全新世最大海侵之后,黄河曾由苏北入海并携带了大量泥沙,其影响范围明显大于长江,长江仅由狭窄的汊道提供有限的物质而影响范围较小。最近２０００ 年来本区沉积物物源主要由黄河提供。分析表明元素地球化学方法在沉积物物源判别时,可有效的避免水动力因素影响,而相对重矿物方法取得较好的效果。 相似文献
12.
长江口附近的沿岸流和水团变化对研究长江三角洲沉积物的“源-汇”机制具有重要意义.对HZK2孔沉积物的粒度、年龄和有孔虫分布特征进行了研究分析.结果表明:HZK2孔52.5 m以上有孔虫均有分布,底栖有孔虫丰度在12 m以上和26.0~52.5 m含量超过40枚/g,代表不同沿岸流和水团的有孔虫属种含量在垂向上呈现明显的分带性.HZK2孔全新世以来经历了河口湾和水下三角洲两大沉积体系,并在全新世早期发育潮流沙脊.末次冰消期,钻孔所在位置受长江冲淡水和苏北沿岸流共同影响.全新世早期,则受苏北沿岸流影响为主;在此之后,长江口冲淡水的作用减弱,苏北、黄海沿岸流影响较强.全新世中晚期,苏北沿岸流、长江冲淡水、江浙沿岸流和东海外海水团多种水体共同作用钻孔所在海域,全新世晚期长江冲淡水作用占绝对优势. 相似文献
13.
Yang Zigeng 《《地质学报》英文版》1994,7(2):195-207
Abstract According to the alternation of terrestrial beds and transgressive beds, the sedimentary sequence of the South Yellow Sea since the Olduvai subchron can be divided into 15 strdatigraphical intervals. According to the facies analysis, there are 7 transgressive beds an one bed with transgression marks, and classical transgressive-regressive facies sequence also appears in the major transgressive beds. Palaeogeographic evolution in the shelf area involved 4 periods: (1) 1.70-0.5 Ma B. P. was the stage for the development of the Palaeo-Yangtze River alluvial plain and delta. Tide influenced-river channel sediments formed during the Olduvai have been found in borehole QC2. The river mouth was located near 124° E and during the transgressive stage from 0.97-0.73 Ma B.P. to the east of 122.2° E, a large-scale undersea delta was formed. In the regressive stage, the shelf area became an alluvial plain. (2) 0.50-0.75 Ma B.P. was a multi-transgressive fluctuation stage during which 3 transgressive beds (HVI, HV, HIV)developed, being dated as 0.50-0.30 Ma B.P., 0.27-0.20 Ma B.P. and 127-75 Ka B.P. respectively, with the extent of transgression increasing gradually. Influenced by southeast monsoons, the eastern China continent began to have a larger moisture source. (3) 75–14 Ka B.P. was the lower sea-level stage during the last glacial period. The downcuttihg depth of rivers was up to -133 m. The palaeo-Yangtze River system flowed northeastwards into the Sea of Japan through the Sea of Japan through the Tsushima and Korean Straits. The interfluvial area became an eroded, weathered high land. In the cores, two short-lived, relatively high sea-level stages were recorded, corresponding to two interstades in the last glacial period. (4) The period since 14 Ka B.P. is the stage for “Holocene transgression” and the development of the Yellow River-Huaihe River delta. Before 14 Ka the sea level rose to -68 m, and before 11 Ka to -50 m, and the sea-level was once at a standstill or slightly got down, which is coincident with the Younger Dryas event. The Yellow River-Huaihe River delta developed on transgressive bed HI and consists of the superimpositions of 6 deltaic complexes. 相似文献
14.
对黄河三角洲ZK1孔粒度、岩性、微体古生物组合和14C年代进行了分析,探讨了研究区晚第四纪以来的沉积层序演化历史及其古环境意义。黄河三角洲的ZK1孔共发育三个海侵层,自下而上为深海氧同位素3期（MIS3）的第Ⅲ海侵层和第Ⅱ海侵层以及氧同位素1期（MIS1）的第Ⅰ海侵层,指示自氧同位素4期（MIS4）以来研究区共发生三次主要海平面波动。这三次海平面波动分别对应于渤海海侵、献县海侵和黄骅海侵。根据沉积记录信息,ZK1孔可分辨第Ⅰ海侵层的河口三角洲相（5.63~14.04 m）和滨岸浅海相（14.04~20.62 m）,第Ⅱ海侵层的滨岸浅海相（39.52~49.57 m）和河口三角洲相（49.57~ 51.52 m）,第Ⅲ海侵层的滨岸浅海相（76.00~83.63 m）和潮滩相（83.63~92.70 m）,均以特征的微体古生物组合和沉积相为标志。结合前人研究,阐明了本区自晚第四纪以来的海平面变化及沉积环境演变历史。 相似文献
15.
《Journal of Asian Earth Sciences》2000,18(4):427-439
The Mekong River Delta in Southern Vietnam is a tide-dominated delta and has been formed by the Mekong River system. The sediments are dominantly fine grained and were deposited in the receiving basin with slight inclination of pre-existing deposits in the South China Sea and Gulf of Thailand.Around 6000 to 5000 yr BP maximum Holocene transgression occurred and seawaves surrounded uplands of the Late Pleistocene terrace, basement rock and weathered land in the northern parts of the delta. Double notches were undercut by seawaves on the limestone hill in Hatien at about 4.5 and 2.5 m above present sea level. Marine deposits prevailed throughout the delta. During the highstand and regressions of relative sea level over the last 4550 yr BP, delta progradation has produced a great flat-plain of 62,520 km2. This extremely fast progradation could be due to: (a) very high sediment supply depositing in the slight inclination of the receiving basin; (b) neotectonic movements and relative sea-level changes; (c) widespread mangrove forests playing an important role to enhance sediment accumulation. Former mangrove marshy deposits were significantly developed in the Plain of Reeds and Longxuyen Quadrangle. Mangrove marshes have also been developing well in the Camau Peninsula and present coastlines. Moreover, regressions over the last 4550 yr BP have produced many distinct sets of relict beach ridges which are useful in distinguishing the former coastlines and evolutionary history of the delta. 相似文献
16.
MARTYN S. STOKER NICK R. GOLLEDGE EMRYS R. PHILLIPS IAN P. WILKINSON MAXINE C. AKHURST 《Boreas: An International Journal of Quaternary Research》2009,38(2):292-314
Seismic facies, provenance and marine faunal associations of a nearshore prograding sediment wedge offshore eastern Scotland are studied to investigate environmental changes in the adjacent North Sea during Lateglacial–Holocene time. The sediments form part of the St. Andrews Bay Member (Forth Formation), which is divided into four lithozones (L1–L4) that represent distinct pulses of sedimentation during the sequential growth of the sediment wedge. Radiocarbon dates, combined with the local curve of relative sea level change, indicate that progradation was initiated as a fluvio-deltaic deposit (L1) during the Younger Dryas Stadial. Further construction of the sediment package took place during the mid- to late Holocene by sublittoral tidal processes that deposited three discrete, highstand shoreface wedges (L2–L4), which display both progradation and longshore migration (to the NE), and may have experienced episodic brackish marine conditions. A depositional cyclicity of about 1000 years is proposed for lithozones L2–L4, separated by hiatuses of 1000–2000 years. We tentatively suggest that the Holocene development of the prograding wedge offshore eastern Scotland was a response to phases of strong westerly winds driving an enhanced influx of Atlantic Water into the North Sea. A concomitant increase in rainfall may account for the freshening of the coastal zone at this time. However, correlation with the recently postulated global periods of Holocene rapid climate change remains unclear. 相似文献
17.
Stratigraphic development during the Late Pleistocene and Holocene offshore of the Yellow River delta, Bohai Sea 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
Jian Liu Yoshiki Saito Hong Wang Liangyong Zhou Zigeng Yang 《Journal of Asian Earth Sciences》2009,36(4-5):318-331
A 61-m-long sediment core (HB-1) and 690 km of high-resolution seismic profiles from offshore of the Yellow River delta, Bohai Sea, were analyzed to document the stratigraphy and sea-level changes during the Late Pleistocene and Holocene. Accelerator mass spectrometry 14C dating and analyses of benthic foraminifera, ostracods, the mineral composition, and sedimentary characteristics were performed for core HB-1, and seven depositional units (DU 1–DU 7 in descending order) were identified. The seismic reflection data were interpreted in light of the sedimentological data of the core and correlated with other well-studied cores obtained previously in the Bohai Sea area. Seven seismic units (SU 1 to SU 7 in descending order) were distinguished and interpreted as follows: SU 7 corresponds to marine facies in Marine Isotopic Stage (MIS) 5; SU 6, to terrestrial facies in MIS 4; SU 5 and SU 4, to alternating terrestrial and marine facies (DU 7–DU 5) in MIS 3; SU 3, to terrestrial facies (DU 4) in MIS 2; SU 2, to Holocene marine facies (DU 3 and DU 2); and SU 1, to modern Yellow River delta sediments deposited since 1855 (DU 1).The sedimentary facies from DU 7 to DU 5 reflect sea-level fluctuations during MIS 3, and the boundary between DU 5 and DU 6, which coincides with that between SU 4 and SU 5, is a distinctive, laterally continuous, undulating erosion surface, with up to 20 m of relief. This surface reflects subaerial exposure between transgressions during MIS 3. Estimated sea levels during MIS 3 ranged from −35 ± 5 to −60 ± 5 m or lower, with short-term fluctuations of 20 m. Sedimentary environments in the Bohai Sea area were governed mainly by eustatic sea-level changes and the Bohai Strait topography, which controls the entry of sea water into the Bohai Sea area.The mineral composition of the sediment core suggests that the Yellow River did not discharge into the Bohai Sea, or at least did not influence the study area significantly, during parts of MIS 3 and MIS 2 to the early Holocene (11–8.5 cal kyr BP). 相似文献
18.
基于磁学和粒度参数的黄河三角洲刁口叶瓣地区全新世以来的地层演化 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
黄河三角洲刁口叶瓣经历了完整的亚三角洲自然发育过程,因此研究其现代发育过程以及全新世以来的地层演化,对于认识整个现代黄河三角洲的形成过程具有重要的理论意义。通过对刁口叶瓣北部的ZK10-3和ZK30孔沉积物粒度、环境磁学参数的测量分析,以及AMS 14C测定,结合收集的刁口叶瓣南部的ZK227、ZK1和ZK228钻孔数据结果,探讨了黄河三角洲刁口叶瓣地区全新世以来的地层演化以及刁口叶瓣的现代形成过程。结果表明该地区全新世以来大致经历了浅海-河湖-盐沼-浅海-三角洲等沉积环境演变过程。1855年来,该地区接受黄河三角洲沉积,依次经历了前三角洲沉积-三角洲侧缘沉积-三角洲平原沉积。1964年刁口叶瓣开始形成,其演化大致经历了漫流淤积-单一河道沉积-出汊改道沉积-废弃蚀退四个阶段。和密西西比河三角洲的叶瓣发育模式相比,由于河流泥沙含量高,因此漫流沉积较为发育。 相似文献
19.
Alessandro Amorosi Giulia Barbieri Luigi Bruno Bruno Campo Tina M. Drexler Wan Hong Veronica Rossi Irene Sammartino Daniele Scarponi Stefano Claudio Vaiani Kevin M. Bohacs 《Sedimentology》2019,66(7):3029-3052
Although general trends in transgressive to highstand sedimentary evolution of river‐mouth coastlines are well‐known, the details of the turnaround from retrogradational (typically estuarine) to aggradational–progradational (typically coastal/deltaic) stacking patterns are not fully resolved. This paper examines the middle to late Holocene eustatic highstand succession of the Po Delta: its stratigraphic architecture records a complex pattern of delta outbuilding and coastal progradation that followed eustatic stabilization, since around 7·7 cal kyr bp . Sedimentological, palaeoecological (benthic foraminifera, ostracods and molluscs) and compositional criteria were used to characterize depositional conditions and sediment‐dispersal pathways within a radiocarbon‐dated chronological framework. A three‐stage progradation history was reconstructed. First, as soon as eustasy stabilized (7·7 to 7·0 cal kyr bp ), rapid bay‐head delta progradation (ca 5 m year?1), fed mostly by the Po River, took place in a mixed, freshwater and brackish estuarine environment. Second, a dominantly aggradational parasequence set of beach‐barrier deposits in the lower highstand systems tract (7·0 to 2·0 cal kyr bp ) records the development of a shallow, wave‐dominated coastal system fed alongshore, with elongated, modestly crescent beaches (ca 2·5 m year?1). Third, in the last 2000 years, the development of faster accreting and more rapidly prograding (up to ca 15 m year?1) Po delta lobes occurred into 30 m deep waters (upper highstand systems tract). This study documents the close correspondence of sediment character with stratal distribution patterns within the highstand systems tract. Remarkable changes in sediment characteristics, palaeoenvironments and direction of sediment transport occur across a surface named the ‘A–P surface’. This surface demarcates a major shift from dominantly aggradational (lower highstand systems tract) to fully progradational (upper highstand systems tract) parasequence stacking. In the Po system, this surface also reflects evolution from a wave‐dominated to river‐dominated deltaic system. Identifying the A–P surface through detailed palaeoecological and compositional data can help guide interpretation of highstand systems tracts in the rock record, especially where facies assemblages and their characteristic geometries are difficult to discern from physical sedimentary structures alone. 相似文献
20.
黄河的输沙量：过去、现在和将来——距今15万年以来的黄河泥沙收支表 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
黄河于150 ka BP切穿三门峡，东流入海。黄河泥沙90%来自黄土高原。黄土高原土地利用和植被的变化对黄河输沙有决定性的影响。15万年以来，黄河进入华北平原的泥沙约70 000×108 t，其中10 ka BP以前占80%。10 ka BP以后的输沙量中，最后1040年黄土高原滥垦时期占60%。黄河泥沙的归宿，建造华北大平原占73%，流入海洋占26%。现在，黄河每年流入北黄海的泥沙不足0.2×108 t，其输运主要受海洋环流系统的影响。现在黄海每年向东海输运悬浮沉积物0.2×108~0.3×108 t，主要为废黄河三角洲及水下三角洲受侵蚀再悬浮的黄河泥沙。1996—2000年黄河下游连年断流，利津站的年径流量和输沙量只有1950—1979年30年平均的19%左右。今后20~30年内，由于气候变暖、工业、城市等引黄水量增加，黄河的入海泥沙量仍将偏少。 相似文献