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1.
新疆达拉布特蛇绿岩带玄武岩地球化学特征:古亚洲洋与特提斯洋的对比 总被引：13，自引：7，他引：6
发育在我国北部的古亚洲洋构造域和西南部的特提斯构造域是中国境内最重要的两个构造体系,有关这两个构造域的地幔地球化学特征是揭示它们的演化与交接关系的重要课题之一。本文选择发育在新疆西准噶尔地区达拉布特蛇绿岩带中阿克巴斯套和大棍的枕状玄武岩进行了系统的岩石学和地球化学与Sr-Nd-Pb同位素地球化学研究,结果表明,达拉布特蛇绿岩带中枕状玄武岩具有N-MORB和E-MORB特征,可能形成于大洋中脊环境。岩石的~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr为0.682112～0.706040之间;~(143)Nd/~(144)Nd为0.512713～0.512879,ε_(Nd)(t)= 2.8～ 5.1,~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb、~(207)Pb/~(204)Pb和~(208)Pb/~(204)Pb的变化范围分别是18.341～20.085、15.541～15.651和38.292～40.534。将达拉布特玄武岩的微量元素特征比值、Nd-Pb同位素等与印度洋MORB和太平洋与北大西洋MORB,以及已知的特提斯和古亚洲洋地幔域进行对比表明,达拉布特蛇绿岩单元内MORB型玄武岩与特提斯构造域特蛇绿岩单元内MORB型玄武岩同位素特征一致,都显示了印度洋型的MORB特征。这意味着位于现今新疆西准噶尔地区的古亚洲洋地幔域没有显示出与特提斯不同的典型的太平洋和北大西洋的地球化学特征。 相似文献
2.
日喀则地区的蛇绿岩是西藏南部雅鲁藏布蛇绿岩带出露较好的蛇绿岩之一。对日喀则地区白朗蛇绿岩的主量、微量元素及Sr-Nd同位素研究表明,其基性岩石为钙碱性系列,主要氧化物具有低钛(0.6%~1.1%)和富镁(6.6%~8.7%)、高铝(15.3%~16.0%),以及烧失量普遍较高(2.8%~4.6%)的特征。岩石微量元素配分型式与N-MORB类似,又具有岛弧玄武岩的地球化学特征,表明蛇绿岩受到了俯冲作用的影响。Sr-Nd同位素特征表明源区为略富集的MORB型地幔。白朗蛇绿岩所代表的特提斯地幔域与印度洋地幔域具有相似的地球化学性质,进一步证实了现今的印度洋继承了特提斯地幔域的地球化学特征。 相似文献
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青藏高原东北缘特提斯构造域界线的探讨 总被引：8，自引：3，他引：8
东特提斯构造域北界的确定不仅可以约束构造域的范围及演化,而且对于约束中国各陆块的原始构造归属也有着非常重要的意义.本文将从地球化学角度对这一科学问题进行探讨.祁连造山带早古生代蛇绿岩单元内枕状玄武岩的元素、Sr-Nd-Pb同位素组成系统研究表明：其地幔源区的Nd和Pb同位素组成均表现出印度洋MORB型同位素组成特征;枕状玄武岩（△^207Pb/^204Pb）t变化范围为9.1～24.3（平均值为14.7）,（△^208/^204Pb）t变化范围为9.1～101.1（平均值55.3）;与古特提斯和新特提斯蛇绿岩具有一致的同位素组成.因此,祁连造山带古洋幔应属于原特提斯构造域.纵观中国境内的特提斯构造域蛇绿岩的分布特征可知：该构造域表现出自北而南变年轻的时空演化规律,从而说明中央造山带的动力学过程也应纳入冈瓦纳大陆裂解和亚洲增生的总动力学系统之中. 相似文献
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西秦岭-松潘构造结古洋地幔地球化学特征及构造归属探讨 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
西秦岭-松潘构造结是中国大陆中重要的构造转换域,为探讨不同陆块及古洋幔的构造归属提供了非常有利的条件。该构造结早古生代蛇绿岩单元内变质玄武岩的地球化学特征表明:其源区不具有高场强元素(HFSE)相对于大离子亲石元素(LILE)亏损的特征;稀土元素(REE)及其它不活泼元素特征表明蛇绿岩形成于与岛弧无关的环境。变质玄武岩的 Sr 同位素组成受到海水热液蚀变或后期变质作用的影响而有所改变。Nd-Pb 同位素组成特征表明其地幔源区具有典型的印度洋MORB 型同位素组成特征(传统意义上的"Dupal"异常),从而说明其地幔源区属于原特提斯构造域。西秦岭-松潘构造结古洋幔构造归属的研究不仅为研究该构造结内各微陆块构造归属提供重要的约束,也为研究有关陆块间造山带的性质、发展与演化提供了动力学背景。 相似文献
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内蒙古温都尔庙和巴彦敖包-交其尔蛇绿岩的元素与同位素地球化学：对古亚洲洋东部地幔域特征的限制 总被引：2，自引：5，他引：2
内蒙古中部发育的三条蛇绿岩带是华北板块和西伯利亚板块之间的缝合带。本文系统研究了其中的温都尔庙和巴彦敖包-交其尔两个蛇绿岩带中变质玄武岩的元素和 Sr、Nd、Pb 同位素地球化学。苏右旗温都尔庙碱性玄武岩为轻稀土富集型;岩石具有板内和大陆裂谷区玄武岩的特征,可能代表了600Ma 左右,温都尔庙地区开始发育的新洋盆。采自苏左旗的巴彦敖包-交其尔玄武岩分为两类,一类呈现轻稀土富集型,呈洋岛玄武岩特征;另一类具有明显的 Nb、Ta 负异常,显示大洋岛弧玄武岩特征,洋岛玄武岩的存在表明古亚洲洋曾经发育洋盆,大洋岛弧玄武岩的存在表明古亚洲洋内部有大洋岩石圈之间的俯冲。将本文的古亚洲洋洋岛玄武岩与中国西南地区的特提斯洋岛玄武岩进行系统的元素和同位素地球化学特征对比表明,古亚洲洋的洋岛玄武岩显示高 U/Pb(HU)和北大西洋和太平洋省的特征,而特提斯洋岛玄武岩属于印度洋省。这些说明古亚洲洋地幔域与特提斯地幔域是两个独立的构造域,它们代表了长期演化的两个不同的地幔地球化学域。 相似文献
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青海省共和盆地周缘晚古生代镁铁质火山岩Sr-Nd-Pb同位素地球化学及其地质意义 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：4
青海省共和盆地周缘晚古生代镁铁质火山岩分属阿尼玛卿蛇绿混杂带,宗务隆构造带和苦海-赛什塘带。阿尼玛卿带正常洋中脊玄武岩(N-MORB)样品具有较高的~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr(t)比值(0.7066～0.7084)、高的ε_(Nd)(t)(12.2～12.8)和较低的~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb初始值(17.72～17.79)。这些同位素特征类似于秦岭勉略蛇绿岩带的N-MORB以及印度洋低~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb高~(143)Nd/~(144)Nd N-MORB。该带中的洋岛玄武岩(OIB)的~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr比值为0.7036～0.7044,ε_(Nd)(t)=4.4～4.8,~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb=17.45～17.62。其Sr和Nd同位素比值可与印度洋代表热点构造的洋岛玄武岩对比,但~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb低于印度洋的热点构造玄武岩,因此,具有类似印度洋低~(143)Nd/~(144)Nd比值MORB同位素特征。宗务隆构造带的N-MORB的Sr同位素比值在0.7041～0.7058,ε_(Nd)(t)=6.1～8.4,~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb=17.51～17.90,划归高~(143)Nd/~(144)Nd比值的N-MORB。苦海大陆裂谷玄武岩显示了高的~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr同位素比值(0.7115和0.7104)和低的ε_(Nd)(t)值(-1.7和-2.5),其~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb(17.64和17.46)与上述大洋玄武质岩石无显著区别。上述各岩类的同位素特征反映了它们生成的构造环境和陆壳组分混染的程度。阿尼玛卿带的N-MORB代表了典型的来自亏损地幔源区的洋中脊产物。与勉略带同类岩石可能来自同一源区。OIB可能属于热点构造成因的洋岛产物并与MORB一起构成了阿尼玛卿洋洋壳。宗务隆带MORB同样代表了主要源自相对亏损地幔的洋脊产物并指示宗务隆带曾开裂成洋。苦海大陆裂谷玄武岩极高的Sr和低的Nd同位素比值是陆壳物质组分的强烈印记,这与该类火山岩发育在前寒武纪基底之上不无关系。结合本区大洋玄武岩普遍低的Nb/U和Ce/Pb比值,推测它们可能源自EMII与DMM物质的交代混合。按照习惯的想法,明显的Dupal异常(△~(208)Pb/~(204)Pb值=46～103和△~(207)Pb/~(204)Pb值=4～18;大多样品~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr>0.704)指示这些岩石在空间上代表了来自南半球印度洋位置的古洋壳残余。但是,北半球愈来愈多的Dupal异常的发现有可能指示它们是类似现今东南亚多洋岛构造历经"汇聚式(focused)俯冲"的产物。此外,宗务隆带MORB的Dupal异常指示本区古特提斯域的北界较先前所定还要北推200km。 相似文献
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玄武岩作为地幔岩浆的产物,其岩石地球化学特征在反映地幔组分和深部动力学作用方面有着极其重要的意义。本文对东太平洋CC区西部和魏源海山两个潜次(Dive64和Dive66)的9个玄武岩样品进行了年代学、全岩地球化学和Sr-Nd-Pb同位素研究。结果显示,Dive64与Dive66玄武岩样品39Ar/40Ar年龄分别为83.1±0.3 Ma、74.7±0.3 Ma,属于晚白垩世,主体分别为N-MORB和OIB。Dive64为亚碱性玄武岩,REE总体相对平坦,轻重稀土分馏较弱,无明显Eu负异常;Dive66玄武岩为碱性玄武岩,富集轻稀土元素,亏损重稀土元素,无明显Eu、 Ce异常,MgO含量与CaO/Al2O3比值呈反比,与Cr含量、 Sr含量呈略微正相关。Sr-Nd-Pb同位素表明两者的形成可能不止单一源区的贡献,Dive64玄武岩Sr-Nd-Pb同位素比值更靠近DM(亏损地幔)、HIMU(高U/Pb比值地幔)端元,Dive66玄武岩Sr-Nd-Pb同位素比值较接近EMⅠ(Ⅰ型富集地幔)、HIMU端元。... 相似文献
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西藏雅鲁藏布蛇绿岩形成构造环境的地球化学鉴别 总被引：9，自引：7，他引：2
本文对西藏雅鲁藏布蛇绿岩带中部日喀则地区夏鲁蛇绿岩中的基性岩石进行了元素地球化学研究。岩石为低钾亚碱性玄武质岩石,具有低TiO2(0.64%～1.5%)、低K2O(<0.69%)、富Na2O(2.5%～6.0%)、烧失量普遍较高(2.0%～7.5%)的特征,表明样品普遍遭受蚀变。岩石具有与N-MORB类似的稀土元素和总体一致的微量元素特征,但是岩石明显富集大离子亲石元素和亏损高场强元素,显示了洋脊玄武岩向着岛弧岩浆作用的过渡趋势。日喀则蛇绿岩不是典型的洋中脊成因,应为SSZ型蛇绿岩,可能形成于与洋内俯冲有关的SSZ型的弧后或者弧前盆地中。对东西延伸超过1500km的雅鲁藏布蛇绿岩246套基性岩石形成的构造环境进行的地球化学判别,表明至少存在大陆岛弧型、地幔柱-洋内热点型、洋中脊-大洋岛弧型和典型大洋岛弧型等四种类型洋壳,揭示了特提斯洋存在多种构造环境的特征,有利于恢复和还原一个长期演化的、丰富的特提斯洋。 相似文献
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《西北地质》2015,(3)
东天山巴里坤塔格地区分布大量的柳树沟组火山岩,笔者以玄武岩为研究对象,对其岩石学、岩石地球化学及同位素地球化学研究表明:巴里坤塔格柳树沟组玄武岩均属拉斑玄武岩系列,并富集大离子亲石元素(Sr、K、Rb、Ba、Th)和轻稀土元素,亏损高场强元素(Nb、Ta、Ti)和重稀土元素,Sr-Nd-Pb同位素显示低(~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr)t=0.703 82~0.706 67,低(~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb)t=17.857~18.054,(~(207)Pb/~(204)Pb)t=15.494~15.545,(~(208)Pb/~(204)Pb)t=37.746~37.798、高εNd(t)=+4~+8.3的亏损地幔源区特征,并受到了陆壳物质混染。通过与博格达东段伊齐—小红柳峡同时期玄武岩的对比,认为巴里坤塔格地区在晚石炭世与博格达具有相同的构造属性,同属于大陆裂谷环境,但由于分属裂谷不同的演化阶段,地球化学特征具有一定的差异。 相似文献
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蓬错蛇绿岩具有较完整的蛇绿岩岩性单元组成,是研究班公湖–怒江缝合带中段构造演化的良好载体。辉绿岩中获得一组锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年龄为159.0±2.1 Ma,表明蓬错蛇绿岩形成于晚侏罗世。辉绿岩及玄武岩样品全岩主、微量元素组成兼具岛弧与N-MORB端元地球化学特征。两件辉绿岩样品(~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr)_i值介于0.7055～0.7063之间,ε_(Nd)(t)介于11.28～11.84之间。地球化学及年代学特征表明,蓬错蛇绿岩形成于活动陆缘弧前构造环境,岩浆源区为类似N-MORB的亏损地幔,并主要叠加了俯冲流体的影响。结合区域蛇绿岩、岛弧岩浆岩分布及沉积记录,蓬错蛇绿岩的形成与班公湖–怒江特提斯洋南向拉萨地体之下俯冲作用有关,并与藏北湖区其他早侏罗世–早白垩世蛇绿岩一起构成区内多岛弧盆系统。 相似文献
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We used a combined field and modeling approach to estimate the potential for submergence for one rapidly deteriorating (Bayou Chitigue Marsh) and one apparently stable (Old Oyster Bayou Marsh) saltmarsh wetland in coastal Louisiana, given two eustatic sea level rise scenarios: the current rate (0.15 cm year−1); and the central value predicted by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (48 cm by the year 2100). We also used the model to determine what processes were most critical for maintaining and influencing salt marsh elevation including, mineral matter deposition, organic matter production, shallow subsidence (organic matter decomposition + primary sediment compaction), deep subsidence, and sediment pulsing events (e.g., hurricanes). Eight years of field measurements from feldspar marker horizons and surface elevation tables revealed that the rates of vertical accretion at the Bayou Chitigue Marsh were high (2.26 (0.09) cm yr−1 (mean ± SE)) because the marsh exists at the lower end of the tidal range. The rate of shallow subsidence was also high (2.04 (0.1) cm yr−1), resulting in little net elevation gain (0.22 (0.06) cm yr−1). In contrast, vertical accretion at the Old Oyster Bayou Marsh, which is 10 cm higher in elevation, was 0.48 (0.09) cm yr−1. However, there was a net elevation gain of 0.36 (0.08) cm yr−1 because there was no significant shallow subsidence. When these rates of elevation gain were compared to rates of relative sea level rise (deep subsidence plus eustatic sea level rise), both sites showed a net elevation deficit although the Bayou Chitigue site was subsiding at approximately twice the rate of the Old Oyster Bayou site (1.1 cm yr−1 versus 0.49 cm yr−1 respectively). These field data were used to modify, initialize, and calibrate a previously published wetland soil development model that simulates primary production and mineral matter deposition as, feedback functions of elevation. Sensitivity analyses revealed that wetland elevation was most sensitive to changes in the rates of deep subsidence, a model forcing function that is difficult to measure in the field and for which estimates in the literature vary widely. The model also revealed that, given both the current rate of sea level rise and the central value estimate, surface elevation at both sites would fall below mean sea level over the next 100 years. Although these results were in agreement with the field study, they contradicted long term observations that the Old Oyster Bayou site has been in equilibrium with sea level for at least the past 50 years. Further simulations showed that the elevation at the Old Oyster Bayou site could keep pace with current rates of sea level rise if either a lower rate for deep subsidence was used as a forcing function, or if a periodic sediment pulsing function (e.g., from hurricanes) was programmed into the model. 相似文献
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Refined analytical expressions for the frequencies corresponding to the Chandler motion of the pole and the diurnal rotation of the deformable Earth are derived. Numerical estimates of the period and amplitude of the polar oscillations are presented. The trajectory of the Chandler polar motion derived via numerical modeling is in qualitative and quantitative agreement with experimental data from the International Earth Rotation Service (IERS). An evolutionary model describing slow variations in the Earth’s rotation parameters under the action of the dissipative moments of the tidal gravitational forces on time scales considerably longer than the precession period of the Earth’s axis is constructed. The axis of the Earth’s figure tends to approach the angular momentum vector of the proper rotation. 相似文献
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混凝剂处理钻井废泥浆液的研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
通过烧杯搅拌实验对混凝剂处理钻井废泥浆液进行研究,从混凝剂适应p H值范围、混凝效果、沉降速度三方面研究比较,找出一种较为理想的混凝剂,并分析了影响混凝剂性能的主要因素,确定了混凝剂的最佳投放剂量。 相似文献
14.
T. Kasvand 《Mathematical Geosciences》1983,15(1):3-23
The digital computer can be a tireless friend and assistant to the geologist. The computer has no innate intelligence, but given adequate programs to analyze and interrelate the information on maps, photos, surveys, and other material, the computer can serve as an analytical tool and consultant. To the geologist's qualitative knowledge, theories, and models can be added the possibility of the computer's mathematically precise numerical answers, confirming or refuting the original ideas. In the interactive mode in particular, a dialogue between the geologist and the computer is established, where the geologist and the computer can complement each other's abilities. The basic principles of processing two-dimensional geological data, such as maps, charts, photos, and survey results, are discussed. Some comparisons are also made between the rule-based methods of Prospector, developed at Stanford Research Institute, and the more intuitively guided image-based procedures of GIAPP, developed on the equipment at the National Research Council of Canada, in collaboration with the Geological Survey of Canada and the University of Ottawa. 相似文献
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大回线瞬变电磁法全区视电阻率的逆样条插值计算 总被引：7，自引：2，他引：5
熊彬 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2005,35(4):515-519
给出了一种方便快捷的瞬变电磁全区视电阻率数值计算方法--逆样条插值法。对几例由2.5维正演程序获得的理论数据的计算结果表明,逆样条插值法用于全区视电阻率的定义是可行的。与此同时,该方法的实现也为瞬变电磁自动反演中初始模型的构制奠定了基础。 相似文献
19.
Nathalie Bardet 《地学学报》1992,4(6):649-656
The extinction of ichthyosaurs is not well understood both in terns of time and of causation although it is supposed to have happened at some point of the Late Cretaceous. Four species of ichthyosaurs attributed to the single cosmopolitan genus Platypteygius Huene, 1922 are currently recognized from the Albian and Cenomanian, but after that time only fragmentary remains have been described. A review of these available post-Cenomanian ichthyosaur remains reveals that all are doubtful either from a stratigraphic or a systematic point of view. Ichthyosaur extinction may be tentatively correlated with the Cenomanian-Turonian boundary events. During this interval, biological factors such as a break in the food chain attested by severe extinction in marine invertebrates, especially belemnites, may have led to the extinction of ichthyosaurs. 相似文献
20.
尾矿坝非饱和带的滞水现象是影响坝体稳定性的重要因素。基于尾矿沉积物土工技术的经验参数,建立了含水率与基质吸力的经验模型。经黄山岭铅锌矿尾矿坝和试验室模拟分析验证,预测结果与实际观测结果基本吻合。 相似文献