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1.
MEI Mingxiang MA Yongsheng GUO Qingyin Institute of Earth Sciences Natural Resources China University of Geosciences Beijing China Petrochemical Corporation 《《地质学报》英文版》2001,75(4):421-431
The Mesoproterozoic Wumishan Formation in the Jixian section of Tianjin is a succession of 3300-m-thick carbonate strata formed in a period of about 100 Ma (1310±20 Ma-1207±10 Ma). In this succession of strata, the carbonate metre-scale cyclic sequences belonging to peritidal type with an approximately symmetrical lithofacies-succession are best developed. The wide development of 1:4 stacking patterns shows that these metre-scale cyclic sequences are genetically related to the short-eccentricity cycles, which are called the Wumishan cyclothems that could truly represent sedimentary cycles. Generally, massive and thick-bedded calcareous dolomites and dolomitic limestones of stromatolite biostromes and thrombolite bioherms constitute the central part of the Wumishan cyclothems. The lower and upper parts consist of tidal flat dolostones, sandy-muddy dolostone and the top part is composed of lagoonal facies dolomitic shales with a paleosol cap. Therefore, an approximately symmetrical lithofacies-successio 相似文献
2.
Well‐exposed Mesozoic sections of the Bahama‐like Adriatic Platform along the Dalmatian coast (southern Croatia) reveal the detailed stacking patterns of cyclic facies within the rapidly subsiding Late Jurassic (Tithonian) shallow platform‐interior (over 750 m thick, ca 5–6 Myr duration). Facies within parasequences include dasyclad‐oncoid mudstone‐wackestone‐floatstone and skeletal‐peloid wackestone‐packstone (shallow lagoon), intraclast‐peloid packstone and grainstone (shoal), radial‐ooid grainstone (hypersaline shallow subtidal/intertidal shoals and ponds), lime mudstone (restricted lagoon), fenestral carbonates and microbial laminites (tidal flat). Parasequences in the overall transgressive Lower Tithonian sections are 1–4·5 m thick, and dominated by subtidal facies, some of which are capped by very shallow‐water grainstone‐packstone or restricted lime mudstone; laminated tidal caps become common only towards the interior of the platform. Parasequences in the regressive Upper Tithonian are dominated by peritidal facies with distinctive basal oolite units and well‐developed laminate caps. Maximum water depths of facies within parasequences (estimated from stratigraphic distance of the facies to the base of the tidal flat units capping parasequences) were generally <4 m, and facies show strongly overlapping depth ranges suggesting facies mosaics. Parasequences were formed by precessional (20 kyr) orbital forcing and form parasequence sets of 100 and 400 kyr eccentricity bundles. Parasequences are arranged in third‐order sequences that lack significant bounding disconformities, and are evident on accommodation (Fischer) plots of cumulative departure from average cycle thickness plotted against cycle number or stratigraphic position. Modelling suggests that precessional sea‐level changes were small (several metres) as were eccentricity sea‐level changes (or precessional sea‐level changes modulated by eccentricity), supporting a global, hot greenhouse climate for the Late Jurassic (Tithonian) within the overall ‘cool’ mode of the Middle Jurassic to Early Cretaceous. 相似文献
3.
MEI Mingxiang MA Yongsheng DENG Jun CHEN Huijun Key Laboratory of Lithospheric Tectonics Lithoprobing Technology of the Education Ministry China University of Geosciences Beijing Department of Oil-Fields China Petrochemical Corporation Beijing 《《地质学报》英文版》2005,79(3):372-383
In the Late Cambrian, the North China Platform was a typical carbonate ramp platform. The Upper Cambrian of the northern part of the North China Platform is famous for the development of bioherm limestones and storm calcirudites and can be divided from bottom to top into the Gushan, Changshan and Fengshan formations. In this set of strata, the deep-ramp mudstone and marls and the shallow-ramp packstones and grainstones constitute many carbonate meter-scale cycles of subtidal type. More tidal-flat dolomites axe developed in the Upper Cambrian of the southern margin of the North China platform, in which limestone and dolomite beds also constitute many carbonate meter-scale cycles of the peritidal type. These cycles are marked by a variety of litho-facies successions. There are regularly vertical stacking patterns of meter-scale cycles in long-term third-order sequences, which is the key to discerning such sequences. Third-order sequence is marked by a particular sedimentary-facies succession that is the result of the environment-changing process of deepening and shoaling, which is genetically related to third-order sea level changes. Furthermore, four third-order sequences can be grouped in the Upper Cambrian of the North China Platform. The main features of these four third-order sequences in the northern part of the platform can be summarized as follows: firstly, sequence-boundaries are characterized by drowning unconformities; secondly, the sedimentary-facies succession is generally constituted by one from deep-ramp facies to shallow-ramp facies; thirdly, a succession of “CS (?) HST” (i.e., “condensed section and highstand system”) forms these four third-order sequences. The chief features for the third-order sequences in the southern part of the North China Platform comprises: more dolomites are developed in the HSTs of third-order sequences and also developed more carbonate meter-scale cycles of peritidal types; the sedimentary-facies succession of the third-order sequences is marked by “shallow ramp-tidal flat”; the sequence boundaries are characterized by exposure punctuated surfaces. According to the changes for the third-order sequences from the north to the south, a regular sequence-stratigraphic framework can be established. From cycles to sequences, the study of sequence stratigraphy from litho-facies successions to sedimentary-facies successions exposes that as follows: meter-scale cycles that are used as the basic working unit actually are litho-facies successions formed by the mechanism of a punctuated aggradational cycle, and third-order sequences that are constituted by regularly vertical stacking patterns of meter-scale cycles are marked by sedimentary-facies successions. On the basis of the changing curve of water depth at each section, the curve of the relative third-order sea level changes in the late Cambrian of the North China Platform can be integrated qualitatively from changing curve of water depth. The correlation of Late Cambrian long-term sea level changes between North China and North America demonstrates that there are not only similarities but also differences, reflecting control of long-term sea level changes both by global eustacy and by regional factors. 相似文献
4.
天津蓟县中元古界雾迷山组复合海平面变化旋回层序的初步研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
天津蓟县中元古界雾迷山组为一套厚３０００ 余米的碳酸盐岩地层,叠层石生物层和凝块石生物丘特别发育。它们与潮坪相泥晶白云岩和泥质白云岩构成具对称相序组构的环潮坪型碳酸盐米级旋回层序。米级旋回层序之顶覆以厚度不等的澲湖相白云质泥页岩。常常３ ～５ 个米级旋回层序呈有序叠加构成五级准层序组,少数米级旋回层序还可识别出５ 个七级韵律层而呈现出１∶５ 的叠加关系。因此,七级韵律层、米级旋回层和五级准层序组分别与岁差旋回、短偏心率旋回、长偏心率旋回间存在有成因联系。根据米级旋回层序在长周期层序中的有序垂直叠加形式,在雾迷山组中可识别出２６ 个三级层序,进一步归为６ 个二级层序。 相似文献
5.
上二叠统记录了地质历史时期最大规模的生物灭绝事件和最深刻的环境变化。对上二叠统的层序地层格架进行精细
描绘,建立高分辨率的地层序列,是深入了解此次事件及其演化的基础和关键。基于钻测井、岩心观测及地球化学分析测
试结果等资料综合分析,并运用小波分析技术,对黔西盘县上二叠统煤系进行了米氏旋回的识别和划分,结果表明,研究
区上二叠统煤系记录了稳定的米兰科维奇旋回,天文轨道周期对其沉积过程具有明显影响,由长、短偏心率、地轴斜率和
岁差周期引起的地层旋回厚度分别为16.06~17.24 m、5.39~5.70 m、2.11~2.15 m、1.12~1.21 m,长偏心率周期对地层中沉积
旋回的控制和影响最强。对长、短偏心率周期进行滤波分析后,建立了上二叠统煤系“浮动”天文年代标尺,为约束同沉
积火山事件层（Tonstein） 的形成及其持续时限提供了年代学依据。以区域等时对比效果明显的长偏心率旋回为标尺,并结
合旋回沉积序列、旋回界面特征等,将上二叠统煤系划分为4个三级层序,并进一步划分为16个四级层序（对应于中期旋
回）,建立了研究区高频层序地层格架。 相似文献
6.
During the early Middle Devonian in South China, an extensive carbonate platform was broken up through extension to create a complex pattern of platforms, and interplatform basins. In Givetian and Frasnian carbonate successions, five depositional facies, including peritidal, restricted shallow subtidal, semi‐restricted subtidal, intermediate subtidal and deep subtidal facies, and 18 lithofacies units are recognized from measured sections on three isolated platforms. These deposits are arranged into metre‐scale, upward‐shallowing peritidal and subtidal cycles. Nine third‐order sequences are identified from changes in cycle stacking patterns, vertical facies changes and the stratigraphic distribution of subaerial exposure indicators. These sequences mostly consist of a lower transgressive part and an upper regressive part. Transgressive packages are dominated by thicker‐than‐average subtidal cycles, and regressive packages by thinner‐than‐average peritidal cycles. Sequence boundaries are transitional zones composed of stacked, high‐frequency, thinner‐than‐average cycles with upward‐increasing intensity of subaerial exposure, rather than individual, laterally traceable surfaces. These sequences can be further grouped into catch‐up and keep‐up sequence sets from the long‐term (second‐order) changes in accommodation and vertical facies changes. Catch‐up sequences are characterized by relatively thick cycle packages with a high percentage of intermediate to shallow subtidal facies, and even deep subtidal facies locally within some individual sequences, recording long‐term accommodation gain. Keep‐up sequences are characterized by relatively thin cycle packages with a high percentage of peritidal facies within sequences, recording long‐term accommodation loss. Correlation of long‐term accommodation changes expressed by Fischer plots reveals that during the late Givetian to early Frasnian increased accommodation loss on platforms coincided with increased accommodation gain in interplatform basins. This suggests that movement on faults resulted in the relative uplift of platforms and subsidence of interplatform basins. In the early Frasnian, extensive siliceous deposits in most interplatform basins and megabreccias at basin margins correspond to exposure disconformities on platforms. 相似文献
7.
Isotopic fingerprints of Milankovitch cycles in Pennsylvanian carbonate platform‐top deposits: the Valdorria record,Northern Spain 
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下载免费PDF全文 Valentin Chesnel Óscar Merino‐Tomé Luis Pedro Fernández Elisa Villa Elias Samankassou 《地学学报》2016,28(5):364-373
Sedimentary cyclic sequences deposited during the Late Palaeozoic Ice Age are widespread. Glacio‐eustatic control of the cyclic patterns is commonly accepted, and the durations of the cyclothems generally match the short‐ and long‐eccentricity Milankovitch orbital parameters. Nevertheless, geochemical fingerprints of orbital parameters are poorly documented in deep‐time sedimentary records. Here, we report on well‐exposed Bashkirian cyclothems of c. 123 ka and c. 400 ka durations from the Valdorria platform. The shorter‐term cyclothems can be grouped into longer‐term composite sequences that are consistent with generally accepted durations of c. 125 ka and c. 400 ka for Milankovitch eccentricity cycles. The stratigraphic pattern is mirrored by the isotope geochemical signals, which show distinct recurring trends. These trends are confirmed by statistical tests. Whereas intrinsic factors and/or subaerial exposure related to sea‐level lowstands might have truncated cycle patterns in tectonically stable basins, rapid subsidence of the Valdorria platform's foreland basin appears to have contributed to a faithful recording of cyclothems of different orders. The patterns and biostratigraphic constraint revealed in this study demonstrate the power of orbital forcing in imprinting sedimentary and geochemical signals in the rock record. 相似文献
8.
上二叠统记录了地质历史时期最大规模的生物灭绝事件和最深刻的环境变化。对上二叠统的层序地层格架进行精细
描绘，建立高分辨率的地层序列，是深入了解此次事件及其演化的基础和关键。基于钻测井、岩心观测及地球化学分析测
试结果等资料综合分析，并运用小波分析技术，对黔西盘县上二叠统煤系进行了米氏旋回的识别和划分，结果表明，研究
区上二叠统煤系记录了稳定的米兰科维奇旋回，天文轨道周期对其沉积过程具有明显影响，由长、短偏心率、地轴斜率和
岁差周期引起的地层旋回厚度分别为16.06~17.24 m、5.39~5.70 m、2.11~2.15 m、1.12~1.21 m，长偏心率周期对地层中沉积
旋回的控制和影响最强。对长、短偏心率周期进行滤波分析后，建立了上二叠统煤系“浮动”天文年代标尺，为约束同沉
积火山事件层（Tonstein） 的形成及其持续时限提供了年代学依据。以区域等时对比效果明显的长偏心率旋回为标尺，并结
合旋回沉积序列、旋回界面特征等，将上二叠统煤系划分为4个三级层序，并进一步划分为16个四级层序（对应于中期旋
回），建立了研究区高频层序地层格架。 相似文献
9.
The Liangshan and Qixia formations in the Sichuan Basin of central China were formed in the earlier middle Permian. Based on outcrop observation of the Changjianggou section at Shangsi, Guangyuan region and 3rd-order sequence division in typical drillings, one-dimensional spectrum analysis has been used to choose the better curve between the natural gamma ray spectrometry log(ln(Th/K)) in Well-Long17 and the gamma ray log(GR) in Well-Wujia1, respectively, for identifying Milankovitch cycles in Sequence PSQ1 which comprises the Liangshan and Qixia formations, and then to identify the variation in the Milankovitch cycle sequences. On this basis, the system tract and 4th-order sequence interfaces in Sequence PSQ1 were found via two-dimensional spectral analysis and digital filtering. Finally, a high-frequency sequence division program was established. Among these cycles, long eccentricity (413.0 ka) and short eccentricity (123.0 ka) are the most unambiguous, and they are separately the major control factors in forming 4th-order (parasequence sets) and 5th-order (parasequences) sequences, with the average thicknesses corresponding to the main cycles being 11.47 m and 3.32 m in Well-Long17, and 14.21 m and 3.79 m in Well-Wujia1, respectively. In other words, the deposition rate in the beach subfacies is faster than that of the inner ramp facies. The ln(Th/K) curve is more sensitive than the GR as the index of relatively ancient water depth in carbonate deposition. One-dimensional spectrum analysis of ln(Th/K) curve could distinguish the Milankovitch cycle sequences that arose from the Precession cycle (20.90 ka), with a much higher credibility. Sequence PSQ1 in Well-Long17 contains 10 4th-order sequences, and the growth span of Sequence PSQ1 consisting of the Liangshan and Qixia formations is about 4.13 Ma. The single deposition thickness of the long eccentricity cycle sequence has the characteristics of thinning and then thickening in the two-dimensional spectrum, which could be used to identify the system tract interface of the 3rd-order sequence. The precession sequence thickness remains stationary. As a result, the early deposition rate in the mid-Permian of the Sichuan basin was very slow, remaining nearly stationary, and this reflects a sustained depositional environment. Whole-rock carbon and oxygen isotope curves could also prove this point. Milankovitch cycle sequence studies provide a basis for paleoenvironmental analysis and, as such, can be used to analyze ancient climate change, calculate deposition rate and deposition time, and carry out fine isochronous stratigraphic correlation. 相似文献
10.
High-frequency cycles in Upper Aptian carbonates have been studied on the carbonate ramp of Organyà (southeastern Pyrenees).
The depositional area comprises a shallow marine to deeper marine transect. A detailed facies model is developed subdividing
the transect into an inner ramp area (above fairweather wave base), a mid-ramp area (between fairweather wave base and storm
wave base) and an outer ramp area (below storm wave base).
Based on microfacies analysis a cyclostratigraphic and sequence stratigraphic interpretation is established. Variations of
the sedimentary patterns within different sections of the homoclinal ramp are due mainly to sea level changes. Sea level changes
of third and fourth order are reflected by the shifting of the shallow subtidal facies belts up and down the ramp. The study
of fifth-order sea level changes is based on statistical methods (quantitative facies analysis and principal component analysis).
The ratio of the fourth- and fifth-order cycles is very similar to the well-known ratio of the eccentricity (100 ka) and the
precession (18.6/22.5 ka). The absolute age values derived from the cyclostratigraphy fit into the biostratigraphic framework.
Thus, a global eustatic control is assumed to be responsible for the cycles of higher frequency. The lower frequency third-order
sequences, however, were considerably influenced by local tectonic processes. 相似文献
11.
Milankovitch cyclicity in Purbeck peritidal limestones of the Prebetic (Berriasian, southern Spain) 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Peritidal carbonate rocks (Purbeck facies) of the uppermost Portlandian to Berriasian in the type section of the Sierra del Pozo Formation in the Prebetic Zone, southern Spain, are divisible into 141 shallowing upward cycles averaging 2 m in thickness. The subtidal facies in these cycles consist of micritic or marly limestones with dasycladacean algae and lituolids; the intertidal facies are micritic limestones containing birdseyes and miliolids; the supratidal facies comprise laminated algal limestones, the tops of which display desiccation cracks and rhizocretions, or more locally palaeosols, calcretes, or palaeokarst surfaces. A statistical study, using power spectra of the Fast Fourier Transform, demonstrates that the periodicity of these cycles is in the Milankovitch frequency band. Most sedimentary cycles correspond to the obliquity cycles; eccentricity and precession cycles have also been recognized. Using a Fischer plot, third-order tectono-eustatic cycles are recognized, which can be correlated with the eustatic curve of the Exxon chart. The shallowing upward sequences are characterized by a distinctive pattern of geochemical parameters. Carbon and oxygen isotopic (δ13C and δ18O) variations, calcium and magnesium carbonate contents and the abundance of organic matter and trace elements (Mn and Sr) all have predictable patterns of distribution within the sequences. The Sr content of the subtidal facies is relatively high whereas the δ13C and δ18O ratios are quite low; in the intertidal facies the Sr and Mn levels fall concomitantly with a rise in δ13C and δ18O. The highest δ13C and δ18O values occur in the lower part of the supratidal facies, whereas in the upper part of δ values and Sr contents drop sharply. Cyclic variations in evaporation and in meteoric water influence, determined from oxygen isotopic composition, reveal that the cyclicity of the beds containing the most limestones (supratidal) and those with the most marls (subtidal) is related to climatic changes. The coldest periods are those represented by supratidal deposits, when the sea level was at its lowest. During the warmest periods, when the overall sea level was higher, subtidal deposits accumulated in the region. A genetic model is proposed, according to which the asymmetrical sedimentary cycles occur in response to glacio-eustatic changes with a periodicity similar to that of Plio-Pleistocene sea-level variations, but with a much lower range due to the smaller extent of polar ice caps during the Early Cretaceous. The glacio-eustatic changes involved a rapid sea-level rise and a slow sea-level fall. 相似文献
12.
针对应用常规方法进行高频层序划分和对比容易受人为因素影响,所建立的高级别层序地层格架具有多解性等问题,本文引入天文地层学中气候旋回受天文周期驱动的理论,选择涠西南凹陷WZ11-4N油田4口钻井中的流一段地层为研究对象,进行米兰科维奇旋回特征分析。对自然伽马数据进行频谱分析的结果显示,在不同钻井中,流一段地层主要受偏心率周期(401ka、125 ka和95 ka)控制。对该周期滤波分析后,选择控制流一段发育的主要米兰科维奇周期曲线,建立了该区的高分辨率天文年代标尺。最后以偏心率125 ka周期曲线作为6级层序划分的参考曲线,对流一段层序进行高频旋回地层划分与对比。在此基础上,最终实现高频地层格架下沉积相的精细对比。 相似文献
13.
山东沂水地区寒武系张夏组中上部地层的分布，受控于沂沭断裂（Ｆ４和Ｆ３断裂），分为西区、中区和东区。各区岩性、岩相雷同，只是厚度存在明显差异。地层记录旋回性明显，反映高频旋回特点。根据岩性、沉积相序变化及界面特点，将该套地层划分成１个三级、４个四级、１４～１８个五级和６０～８０余个六级旋回层序。各级别旋回层序均由次一级旋回层序向上变浅、变粗、变厚的进积系列组成。其底部均以相应级别的间断－加深面为界。通过高分辨率层序对比，三级、四级旋回层序具有区域对比意义。因受沂沭断裂的影响，区内地层分布并非原始沉积位置所在，由于地方性因素，造成了五级或六级旋回层序数量上的差异。对于三级旋回层序而言，由早期→晚期，随着沉积环境由陆棚盆地→深潮下带→浅潮下带变化，海水由深→浅；沉积速率由小→大；沉积物质由页岩→瘤状灰岩、泥灰岩→鲕粒灰岩→藻灰岩变化。张夏期各地海平面变化趋势相同，均具有高频率振荡特点，为一个复合海平面变化旋回。 相似文献
14.
Continuous shallow marine carbonates spanning the Triassic–Jurassic boundary are exposed in the Karaburun Peninsula, Western Turkey. The studied section (Tahtaiskele section) consists of Upper Triassic cyclic shallow marine carbonates intercalated with clastics overlain by Lower Liassic carbonates. Based on the microfacies stacking patterns, three main types of shallowing-upward cycles have been recognized. Cycles are mostly composed of subtidal facies at the bottom, intertidal/supratidal facies and/or subaerial exposure structures at the top. The duration of the cycles suggests that cycles were driven by the precessional Milankovitch rhytmicity. In the sequence stratigraphic frame of the Tahtaiskele section 4 sequence boundaries were detected and globally correlated. The first sequence boundary is located at the Alaunian–Sevatian boundary nearly coinciding with the first appearance of Triasina hantkeni. The second falls in the Rhaetian corresponding to a major sea level fall which led to the invasion of forced regressive siliciclastic deposits over the peritidal carbonates. The third occurs close to the T/J boundary and the fourth lies slightly above the base of the Jurassic. In the studied section, extinction, survival and recovery intervals have been recognized based on the stratigraphic occurrence patterns of benthic foraminifera and algae. Foraminifers became nearly totally extinct in the inner carbonate shelves at the Triassic–Jurassic boundary and an interval of approximately 0.5 my passed before the begining of the recovery of Jurassic foraminifera. 相似文献
15.
GONG Yiming Faculty of Earth Science China University of Geosciences Wuhan LI Baohua Laboratory of Marine Geology Tongji University Shanghai WU Yi Guangxi Institute of Geology Nanning 《《地质学报》英文版》2001,75(4):354-363
Four hierarchical cyclothems, superbundlesets, bundlesets, bundles and laminae, have been identified from the Devonian Frasnian-Famennian carbonate strata in Guangxi, South China. Their hierarchical structures, ratio relationships and sequence in conodont zones are continuous and stable and can be traced across different facies zones and sedimentary basins. Our data show that hierarchically organized superbundlesets, bundlesets, bundles and laminae correspond to the long eccentricity, eccentricity, obliquity or precession and sub-Milankovitch cycles respectively. Their periods were 400,000, 100,000, 33,333, 16,667 and 8,000-17,000 a, respectively. The ratios of long eccentricity to eccentricity, eccentricity to obliquity, and eccentricity to precession in the Devonian are 1:4, 1:3 and 1:6 respectively. Using these hierarchical Milankovitch cyclothems, chronostratigraphical division and correlation can be realized at a resolution of 100 ka or 10 ka at the Frasnian-Famennian transition. The time intervals 相似文献
16.
以高分辨率层序地层学理论为指导,通过对鄂尔多斯盆地陕北地区上三叠统延长组典型露头剖面及岩心观察、描述的基础上,结合大量测井曲线,详细地分析了延长组不同级次层序界面的识别标志。结果表明:鄂尔多斯盆地陕北地区上三叠统延长组由1个超长期旋回,4个长期旋回,9个中期旋回及若干个短期旋回组成。由于印支运动的影响,在研究区形成了两个区域性的构造运动升降面(SLSB2和SLSB1),该界面为超长期旋回的顶、底界面。长期旋回层序为一套区域性湖进-湖退沉积序列,界面是低角度的侵蚀不整合面和与其相应的整合面。研究区3个长期旋回层序界面自下而上依次为:区域性基准面抬升所形成的水进界面,相当于"李家畔页岩";区域性的泥岩、凝灰岩标志层,相当于长6油层组底部的k2标志层;区域性的相转换界面,相当于长4 5和长3的分界面。中期旋回和短期旋回层序界面主要为不同级次的湖泛面、冲刷侵蚀面、岩石类型或相组合的转换面、岩石相内部的层理变化界面、砂泥岩厚度旋回性变化界面等。在界面识别的基础上,对研究区沉积旋回及界面的空间配置进行了分析,认为不同级次界面的识别是高精度层序地层研究的核心,对于油田勘探和开发具有至关重要的作用。 相似文献
17.
Shallowing-upward sequences in Purbeckian peritidal carbonates (lowermost Cretaceous, Swiss and French Jura Mountains) 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
ANDRÉ STRASSER 《Sedimentology》1988,35(3):369-383
Purbeckian carbonates in the Swiss and French Jura (Goldberg Formation, lower Berriasian) comprise shallow-subtidal, intertidal, supratidal, low-energy, high-energy, marine, brackish, freshwater, and hypersaline facies. These facies are arranged in small (0–2–1.5 m thick) sequences which display a dominant shallowing-upward component, and which form the fundamental units of the highly structured Purbeckian sedimentary record. Six types of small-scale sequences can be recognized. A: intertidal to supratidal overprinting of shallow lagoonal facies; B: algal-marsh sequence with frequent dolomitization; C: sabkha sequence, often associated with collapse breccia; D: tidal-flat sequence with desiccation features; E: lacustrine sequence; F: terrestrial overprinting of subtidal or intertidal facies. Episodic event deposits such as tempestites are superimposed] Thin transgressive beds which rework elements of the underlying facies are frequently found at the base of the sequences. Green marls and black pebbles are common at the top and indicate long subaerial exposure. The sequences are often incomplete, as subtidal facies may be absent, or their upper part can be eroded. Lateral facies changes are common, which is due to the very shallow and partly emergent Purbeckian platform where various depositional environments were juxtaposed. However, many sequence boundaries are well developed and can be correlated over large parts of the study area. The Purbeckian shallowing-upward sequences were generated by climatically controlled sea-level changes. Autocyclic processes occurred locally, but were overprinted by drops of sea-level affecting the entire platform. The small-scale sequences are most probably related to the 20 000-year cycle of the precession of the equinoxes. Larger sequences with usually well-developed emersion surfaces are attributed to the 100 000 and 400 000-year eccentricity cycles of the Earth's orbit. Identification and correlation of sequence boundaries makes it possible to set up a framework of isochronous surfaces (which often cut across facies boundaries), and thus to interpret in detail the palaeogeographic, sedimentological and diagenetic evolution of the Purbeckian peritidal carbonate environments. 相似文献
18.
In the Causses platform (south‐east France), Late Hettangian to Sinemurian deposits were interpreted previously as shallow‐water carbonate ramp deposits. A new look at these deposits has shown a fault‐controlled mosaic carbonate platform that is different from the carbonate ramp models. Within the platform mosaic, 15 lithofacies have been recognized, which are organized in four facies associations, including peritidal, restricted shallow sub‐tidal, sand dunes and sub‐tidal shelf facies associations. The rapid lateral and vertical facies changes, and the lack of consistent landward or seaward direction indicated by the pattern of facies changes, question the existence of a shoreline suggested by the traditional models for this region. Instead, the facies organization and cycle stacking pattern suggest deposition in a mosaic of intertidal islands between which sub‐tidal restricted or open conditions could coexist in very close proximity. Such a platform mosaic would have been defined by tectonic activities along normal faults which segmented the shallow‐water Causses platform. The facies and facies associations are arranged into metre‐scale, peritidal and sub‐tidal cycles that are also variable. Certain cycles show the same stacking pattern in all the sections and seem to be traceable over tens of kilometres. On the contrary, other cycles cannot be correlated; they are present only in specific sections and have a maximum lateral extension of 1 or 2 km. These metre‐scale cycles stack to form four medium‐scale cycles bounded by surfaces that display sub‐aerial exposure features. Medium‐scale cycles stack into two larger‐scale cycles (tens of metres thick) and are bounded by well‐defined karstic surfaces. Based on their lateral continuity and their stacking pattern, the metre‐scale cycles are controlled probably by high frequency eustatic variations overprinting the topographic irregularities formed by differential subsidence of fault‐bounded blocks. Episodic fault activities may reorganize the topography so that, even if eustatic changes may still be the major control of cycles, the expression and number of cycles could be different. Cycles of medium and large‐scale are interpreted as being allogenic, controlled by changes in eustasy and/or subsidence rates as evidenced by their lateral continuity and the correlations of the large‐scale cycles with third‐order depositional sequences. 相似文献
19.
举世闻名的天津蓟县中新元古界剖面,地层厚度近万米,分布时限为１００Ｍａ左右（１８００－６００Ｍａ）。以岩相及相序为基础,不同级别沉积层序及其有序叠加形式为研究核心,在这套厚度巨大的前寒武纪地层中识别出６３个三级层序,可进一步划归为２２个二级大层序,４个一级超层序。４个一级超层序,不但代表了１８００Ｍａ到６００Ｍａ的周期为２００Ｍａ至４００Ｍａ的沉积旋回,加上显生宙和两个一级旋回,表明了全球系统各圈 相似文献
20.
选择黔西地区盘1井、威宁1井、纳雍1井和织金1井,对长兴组自然伽马测井数据进行频谱分析,识别出其中的米兰科维奇周期,并采用滤波手段提取出其中的稳定周期,进行连井对比。结果表明频谱峰值与米兰科维奇周期存在良好的对应关系,研究区长兴组地层中保存着123. 0 ka的偏心率周期、45. 0 ka和35. 6 ka的斜率周期、21. 2 ka和17. 7 ka的岁差周期,各级周期的旋回厚度分别为4. 59~5. 73 m、1. 37~2. 15 m和0. 66~0. 98 m;各井的短偏心率旋回曲线显示研究区长兴组地层记录了约18个短偏心率旋回,据此估计出长兴组沉积时限约为2. 21 Ma;通过短偏心率旋回层和所计算沉积速率的连井对比,发现地层中海相标志岩层段等时性对比效果明显,反映了区域快速海侵的过程,而沉积速率的变化可能受到了海平面变化和物源供应的共同影响。 相似文献