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黑白相间纹层状页岩是沉积岩中非常重要且常见的一种岩石类型。采用X射线荧光岩心扫描仪对泌阳凹陷5号页岩层中纹层状页岩样品进行测试,分析结果显示湖相纹层中一些指标,如Sr、CaO、K2O、SiO2、TiO2、Fe2O3、Al2O3、Cu含量在纹层中表现出明显规律性变化,即白色纹层中Sr和CaO含量明显高于黑色纹层,而K2O、SiO2、TiO2、Fe2O3、Al2O3、Cu含量明显低于黑色纹层。硼元素以及古氧化还原和古气候指标表明纹层状页岩主要发育在半干旱-干旱的半咸化-咸化分层水体。镜下鉴定揭示,黑色条纹主要为高有机质泥质沉积物,白色条纹主要为方解石、石英以及白云石等矿物,黑白纹层的物质成分组成与陆源供给和水体咸化后自身形成的矿物密切相关。黑白纹层中元素差异变化揭示了不同矿物组成的差异,也揭示出陆相湖盆季节性韵律变化。 相似文献
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《地质论评》1951,16(1)
甲、地层:在区内仅见震旦纪和第四纪地层 (1.)震旦纪地层:自上而下可分为六层:6.变质页岩层:以暗蓝灰色板状角页层为主夹片状石英岩及石灰岩层,厚度300——350公尺。5.矽质石灰岩层: 下部为黑灰色石英岩与棕色石英岩之互层。上部以石灰岩为主,厚度在801 公尺上下。4.黑色页岩层:以黑色页岩为主,夹石英岩多层,厚度约计0 50公尺。3.暗色石英岩层:以暗蓝灰色石英岩为主,中夹黑页岩,厚度 3 50——400公尺。2.黑色页岩砂岩:下级为黑色页岩,棕灰或蓝灰之石英砂岩及石灰岩之累层所成,上部以黑色员岩为主,共厚约 400公尺。1. 淡色石英岩层:以白色块状石英岩为主,以上各层均相连续,据其岩性及层次可与华北的下震旦纪各层相比较。 (2.)第四纪地层:自上而下为:3.黄土:为闪生黄土,富白砂质,分布沟谷一带。2.鄂博层:砾岩成角砾岩,砾石成为铁矿石,成为石灰岩,胶结物均为石灰质,不具层次,现露头已剩残余。厚度最大处不过三公尺。1.铁矿砾石堆积:仅见於试沟内,由铁矿崩解后就地堆积,中充黏土,尚未胶结,? 相似文献
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四川盆地中部侏罗系大安寨段含有机质泥质介壳灰岩储层的认识及其意义 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
四川盆地中部下侏罗统大安寨段可划分为三个亚段,主要由暗色泥页岩、结晶介壳灰岩、泥质介壳灰岩三种岩性构成。暗色泥页岩形成于深湖—半深湖相环境,是主要的烃源岩,滨浅湖高能滩相结晶介壳灰岩一向被认为是主要储层,其储集空间以裂缝为主。露头地质调查、岩心和薄片观察、物性资料及试油资料的分析表明,浅湖—半深湖较低能滩相含有机质泥质介壳灰岩是主要的储集层和产层,单层厚度薄,但累积厚度较大,分布面积广,常夹于暗色泥页岩中,源储一体,更有利于成藏。这类泥质介壳灰岩的壳间孔构成了主要的储集空间,壳间孔平行于壳体的长轴方向排列,并常见黑色有机质充填。认为四川盆地大安寨段的油气勘探方向可由结晶介壳灰岩向含有机质的泥质介壳灰岩拓展,浅湖—半深湖较低能滩沉积相带可成为新的勘探领域。初步预测大安寨段上部的一亚段新增有利勘探面积6 100 km2,中部的一三亚段新增有利勘探面积6 600 km2。 相似文献
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鲕粒岩常见于海相或湖相灰岩中,鲕粒间的胶结物多为碳酸盐矿物,但笔者在柴达木盆地北缘的马海盆地第四纪含盐碎屑层中发现了石膏胶结的团粒岩。在这套地层中还发现了一种黑色球状或棒状、无内部结构,“分选”很好、石膏胶结的泥质团粒岩。在部分薄片中可见到少数以泥质团粒为核的鲕粒,两者的形成环境密切相关。从鲕粒岩和泥质团粒的产出层位看,它们是古卤水演化到一定阶段的产物,深入研究其形成环境对恢复古卤水的演化历史,指导寻找有利的成钾层位必将有一定的帮助。 相似文献
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沉积岩中元素的富集取决于每个元素的化学性质。这些元素是风化作用、沉积作用、成岩作用、石化作用和低级变质作用的产物。但是人们认为,不活泼的碎屑物质组分具有初始火成源的特征。这一认识对研究黑色页岩的物质来源有很大帮助。为了确定低钙质(CaCO_3<1％)海相黑色页岩中碎屑花岗质和火山物质的来源,采用研究火成岩的典型微量元素判别图来检验那些表面上化学性质不活泼(即不受成岩作用、氧化还原作用和低级变质作用的影响)微量元素的富集。通过对寒武纪至侏罗纪完整的地层剖面中约200个黑色页岩样品的中子活化分析获得叮化学分析数据。La—Th—Sc三角图解能鉴别出微量元素来自上地壳、陆壳,或是洋壳(Taylor和Mclennan,1985)。所有低钙质黑色页岩样品都集中在上地壳的区域内。人们普遍用Th—Hf—Co三角图来鉴别它们是来自上地壳还是整个陆壳,或是洋壳。在黑色页岩形成的环境中,由于Co元素对氧化还原很敏感,故在三角图解中,用一个不活泼的化学元素(如Rb)替代Co是必要的。取代以后,所有黑色页岩样品均集中在上地壳的区域内。为了确定花岗质组分的来源(Pearce等,1984),样品在Ta—Yb图解和Rb—(Yb+Ta)图解上的投点都集中在边缘分离火山弧花岗岩(VAG)、同碰撞花岗岩(Syn—COLG)与板块内花岗岩(WPG)三者的交界处。大部分样品落于火山弧花岗岩域内,无洋脊花岗岩(ORG)出现。Wood等(1979)的Th—Hf/3—Ta三角图解证实了海相黑色页岩中少量的微量元素来自玄武岩。黑色页岩的投影点很集中,且集中在高Th含量区域,但落于各种玄武岩区域之外,说明黑色页岩来自大陆壳。 相似文献
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西藏古错-岗巴盆地下白垩统黑色页岩地质特征及其油气资源意义 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
藏南聂拉木县、岗巴县的古错-岗巴盆地呈东西向展布，位于北喜马拉雅构造分区。早白垩世沉积以碎屑物质为主，其黑色页岩主要集中于下白垩统古错四组、古错五组和东山组。黑色页岩沉积物颗粒微细，以泥质、粘土质组分为主，砂/泥比值低，局部夹有海底扇沉积的细砂岩、粉砂岩等韵律层，富含菱铁矿、钙质结核，少见菊石等生物化石。其沉积环境应为相变缓慢、水体低能且较为特殊（受火山活动影响）的海相还原环境。黑色页岩中的粘土质所反映出的稀土配分模式与玄武岩标准模式极为接近，显示出当时的沉积可能伴随有火山活动及基性物质的介入。综合地质特征显示出本区下白垩统黑色页岩厚度巨大，构造简单，具有较好的成烃条件，虽然有机质成熟度较高，但黑色页岩仍是未来本区油气资源潜力评价中值得重视的积极因素之一。 相似文献
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西北地区水资源开发引起的生态环境问题 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
西北地区处于干旱、半干旱气候带，降水量少，蒸发量大，水资源紧缺，生态环境脆弱。近半个世纪以来，由于对水资源的不合理或过量开发利用，引发诸如水土流失、土地沙化、次生盐渍化等一系列与水有关的多种生态环境问题。针对存在的上述生态环境问题，提出了如下对策和措施：在水赍源利用上要以流域为基础，合理调配，计划用水，既要保证发展经济用水，又要保持生态环境不遭受管理坏；严格控制地表水库的建设，充分发挥戈壁滩天然地下水库作用；要把水资源评价与如何开发管理联系起来，建立具有超脱地位和跨部门的权威性机构，按流域对水资源实行统一管理。 相似文献
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Influences of the unsaturated,saturated, and riparian zones on the transport of nitrate near the Merced River,California, USA 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Joseph L. Domagalski Steven P. Phillips E. Randall Bayless Celia Zamora Carol Kendall Richard A. WildmanJr Janet G. Hering 《Hydrogeology Journal》2008,16(4):675-690
Transport and transformation of nitrate was evaluated along a 1-km groundwater transect from an almond orchard to the Merced River, California, USA, within an irrigated agricultural setting. As indicated by measurements of pore-water nitrate and modeling using the root zone water quality model, about 63% of the applied nitrogen was transported through a 6.5-m unsaturated zone. Transport times from recharge locations to the edge of a riparian zone ranged from approximately 6 months to greater than 100 years. This allowed for partial denitrification in horizons having mildly reducing conditions, and essentially no denitrification in horizons with oxidizing conditions. Transport times across a 50–100-m-wide riparian zone of less than a year to over 6 years and more strongly reducing conditions resulted in greater rates of denitrification. Isotopic measurements and concentrations of excess N2 in water were indicative of denitrification with the highest rates below the Merced River. Discharge of water and nitrate into the river was dependent on gradients driven by irrigation or river stage. The results suggest that the assimilative capacity for nitrate of the groundwater system, and particularly the riverbed, is limiting the nitrate load to the Merced River in the study area. 相似文献
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山西五台山区滹沱群变质玄武岩岩石学、地球化学特征及其成因意义 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
在野外地质调查的基础上,选取滹沱群豆村亚群底部四集庄组玄武岩、顶部青石村组玄武岩和东冶亚群中下部河边村组玄武岩,进行岩石学和地球化学研究。分析结果表明：玄武岩主量元素高TiO2、TFeO,低MgO,具有演化的基性岩浆的特征。稀土元素含量相对较高,具有弱—中等程度的轻稀土元素富集,中等程度的轻重稀土元素分异,轻微的Eu异常;玄武岩中Cr、Ni含量变化较大,但与Mg#具有很好的正相关性。微量元素配分图解中具有明显的Sr负异常,部分样品具有Nb、Ta和Ti负异常,无Zr、Hf负异常,与岛弧火山岩不同;同时Nb、Ta无分异,Zr/Hf值较高,具有板内玄武岩浆的特征。综合分析认为,滹沱群玄武岩可能形成于板内裂谷环境。在岩浆上升过程中发生橄榄石与尖晶石的分离结晶作用,同时不同程度地受到地壳的混染。 相似文献
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扬子北缘马元铅锌矿床闪锌矿微量元素及S-Pb-He-Ar-C同位素地球化学研究 总被引：7，自引：3，他引：4
马元铅锌矿床是近年扬子陆块北缘铅锌找矿的新突破。矿体呈层状、似层状产于碑坝隆起翼部震旦系灯影组角砾状白云岩层间构造带中,围岩蚀变很弱。矿石中硫化物以闪锌矿、方铅矿为主,中粗粒晶质结构,充填于白云岩角砾间。闪锌矿富集Cd、Ge、Ag,贫In、Tl、Se,Ga/In为6~132,Ge/In多1000,成矿温度以中-低温为主。金属硫化物ε~(34)S值相对集中,为12.9‰~19.4‰,平均为17.4‰,来自于海相硫酸盐的还原。铅同位素组成稳定,~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb为17.858~17.918:~(207)Pb/~(204)Pb为15.603~15.694;~(208)Pb/~(204)Pb为37.756~38.046,具有造山带和上地壳铅的特征,震旦系可能提供了金属成矿物质。闪锌矿中流体包裹体的~3He/~4He为0.03Ra~1.05Ra,~(40)Ar/~(36)Ar为326.1~765.1,~(38)Ar/~(36)Ar为0.183~0.204,表明成矿流体主要为地壳流体和饱和大气水(大气降水或海水)的混合。闪锌矿内流体包裹体挥发分δ~(13)C_(CH_4)值为-36.01‰~-28.80‰,δ~(13)C_(C_2H_6)值为-27.72‰~-22.44‰,δ~(13)C_(CO_2)值为-23.24‰~-9.68‰,表明有机流体参与了成矿作用。石英、方解石的H-O同位素结果表明具有海水和有机水混合的特征。可见,成矿流体具有两种流体混合的特征,一为蒸发海水与围岩反应所形成的盆地卤水,二为有机流体。推测矿区可能存在一个古油气藏,由于TSR生成一高硫气藏,为区内还原性有机流体的主要来源。当富含Pb、Zn等成矿物质的成矿流体运移至富含CH_4和H_2S的还原性流体的矿区角砾岩带时,两种流体混合,Pb、Zn等遇到H_2S发生反应而沉淀成矿,并伴生热液白云石等,形成了马元铅锌矿床。综上所述,我们认为马元矿床属MVT型铅锌矿床。 相似文献
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以出露在西藏南木林县秦马弄地区二长花岗岩体为研究对象,从野外地质调查、岩石学、LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年、元素和Lu-Hf同位素地球化学等方面对其进行了分析研究。结果显示：秦马弄地区二长花岗岩体类似于A型花岗岩,形成于古近纪(E1),其LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄为(62.0±0.5)~(63.0±0.5) Ma;岩体形成的温度较高(锆石饱和温度为745~805 ℃,平均766 ℃);岩石富SiO2(72.6%~75.0%)、Na2O(2.86%~3.59%)和K2O(4.12%~5.25%),贫CaO(0.72%~1.39%)和MgO(0.26%~0.36%),高FeOT/MgO值(7.26~10.3),属高钾钙碱性系列,弱过铝质;岩石具明显的负Eu异常(Eu/Eu*=0.40~0.70),普遍表现出Ba、Sr、P、Ti元素的亏损和Rb、Th、K、Zr、Hf元素的富集。εHf(t)值为-4.7~-1.8,其两阶段地壳Hf模式年龄tDM2为(1.1~1.3) Ga。秦马弄A型花岗岩体是冈底斯基底地壳物质部分熔融的岩浆产物,形成于古近纪印度板块与欧亚板块俯冲碰撞引起的总体为岛弧背景下的局部拉张构造环境。 相似文献
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E. M. Prasolov S. A. Sergeev B. V. Belyatsky E. S. Bogomolov K. A. Gruzdov I. N. Kapitonov R. Sh. Krymsky V. O. Khalenev 《Geochemistry International》2018,56(1):46-64
This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (3He/4He, 40Ar/36Ar, 34S/32S, 65Cu/63Cu, 62Ni/60Ni, 87Sr/86Sr, 143Nd/144Nd, 206–208Pb/204Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others. 相似文献
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I. A. Tararin V. M. Chubarov E. K. Ignat’ev S. V. Moskaleva 《Russian Journal of Pacific Geology》2007,1(1):82-97
The geology and mineralogy of host metamorphic rocks, the mineralogy of sulfide ores, and the distribution of PGE mineralization were studied in detail for the Kvinum-1 and Kvinum-2 copper-nickel occurrences of the Kvinum ore field, which are the most promising targets for the copper-nickel-PGE mineralization of the Sredinny Range of Kamchatka. It was established that stringer-disseminated and massive copper-nickel ores are localized in amphibole peridotites, cortlandites, and form ore bodies varying from tens of centimeters to 5–20 m thick among the layered cortlandite-gabbroid massifs. The massive sulfide ores were found only at the bottom of cortlandite bodies and upsection grade into stringer-disseminated and disseminated ores. Pyrrhotite, chalcopyrite, and pentlandite are the major ore minerals with a sharply subordinate amount of pyrite, sphalerite, galena, arsenopyrite, and löllingite. Besides pentlandite, the Ni-bearing minerals include sulforasenides (gersdorffite), arsenides (nickeline), and tellurides (melonite) of nickel. It was found that PGE mineralization represented by antimonides (sudburyite) and tellurobismuthides (michenerite) of Pd with sharply subordinate platinum arsenide (sperrylite) is confined to the apical parts of massive sulfide zones and the transition zone to the stringer-disseminated ores. Ore intervals enriched in arsenides and tellurides of Ni, Pd, and Bi contain high-purity gold. In the central parts of the orebodies, the contents of PGE and native gold are insignificant. It is suggested that the contents of major sulfide minerals and the productivity of PGE mineralization in the cortlandites are defined by combined differentiation and sulfurization of ultramafic derivatives under the effect of fluids, which are accumulated at the crystallization front and cause layering of parental magmas with different sulfur contents. The fluid-assisted layering of mafic-ultramafic massifs resulted in the contrasting distribution of PGM in response to uneven distribution of sulfur (as well as As, Te, and Bi) during liquid immiscibility. The productivity of PGE mineralization significantly increases with increasing contents of S, As, Te, and Bi (elements to which Pt and, especially, Pd have high affinity) in fluids. 相似文献
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A geophysical survey was conducted to determine the depth of the base of the water-table aquifer in the southern part of
Jackson Hole, Wyoming, USA. Audio-magnetotellurics (AMT) measurements at 77 sites in the study area yielded electrical-resistivity
logs of the subsurface, and these were used to infer lithologic changes with depth. A 100–600 ohm-m geoelectric layer, designated
the Jackson aquifer, was used to represent surficial saturated, unconsolidated deposits of Quaternary age. The median depth
of the base of the Jackson aquifer is estimated to be 200 ft (61 m), based on 62 sites that had sufficient resistivity data.
AMT-measured values were kriged to predict the depth to the base of the aquifer throughout the southern part of Jackson Hole.
Contour maps of the kriging predictions indicate that the depth of the base of the Jackson aquifer is shallow in the central
part of the study area near the East and West Gros Ventre Buttes, deeper in the west near the Teton fault system, and shallow
at the southern edge of Jackson Hole. Predicted, contoured depths range from 100 ft (30 m) in the south, near the confluences
of Spring Creek and Flat Creek with the Snake River, to 700 ft (210 m) in the west, near the town of Wilson, Wyoming.
Received, May 1997 · Revised, February 1998 · Accepted, April 1998 相似文献
20.
对巴颜喀拉山年宝玉则花岗岩岩体样品的锆石、磷灰石进行了裂变径迹（FT）分析。结果显示该区的隆升可以分为三大阶段：①从低绿片岩相到锆石时钟启动：从200MaBP到105．57MaBP,去顶量约为2km,样品埋深上升到距地表约6km深度。去顶速率约为0．02mm／a;②从锆石时钟启动到磷灰石时钟启动：由于磷灰石在此时已抬升到距地表约6km的深度。由此到达时钟启动需距地表约3km时,去顶量应为3km,此阶段的持续时间为101．53MaBP,去顶速率约为0．03mm／a：③从磷灰石时钟启动至达到地表（至今）：由于磷灰石在前一阶段也已抬升到距地表约3km的深度。即去顶量为3km。此阶段的持续时间为4．04MaBP,去顶速率约为0．74mm／a。 相似文献