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1.
中国大陆科学钻探主孔钻孔崩落与现场应力状态的确定 总被引：7，自引：2，他引：7
中国大陆科学钻探主钻孔在1200m深度以下出现了钻孔崩落现象,我们在1200m至2015m的范围内采集了82个钻孔成像测井图象资料。对钻孔崩落长轴方位进行了方向统计,结果表明近似对称的崩落平均方位为324.8°±3.3°,对应的平均最大水平主应力方位为54.8°±3.3°。利用崩落形状要素(崩落深度和崩落宽度)以及岩石力学实验确定的岩石内聚力和摩擦系数,计算了1269m、1500m、2000m等16个深度上的最大和最小水平主应力的大小。根据岩石密度测井资料计算了各个深度上静负载应力。三个主应力的大小和方向反映出主钻孔位置的应力场处于走滑应力状态,与地震震源机制解得到的走滑应力场一致。 相似文献
2.
对中国大陆科学钻探主孔的岩心进行了声发射测量,确定了301～1531m深度的最大主应力。并与钻孔崩落法(深度1269～1655m)测量结果进行了对比,结果表明,声发射测量所得测值基本上落在钻孔崩落法测值的趋势线上,两种方法所得结果一致,说明测量结果可信。测量结果表明科学钻探主孔地应力大小随深度增加,在浅部301m最大主应力为13.4MPa,在深部1655m为55.2MPa。随深度的增加率为0.0279MPa/m。最大主应力方向为N54°±3.3°E,且方向不随深度变化。 相似文献
3.
为分析淮南煤田潘集煤矿外围勘查区的地应力分布规律,采用水压致裂法及装置,对研究区深部勘查区域地应力进行了测试。本次研究共完成3个钻孔、28个测点的现场实测,3个钻孔深度均超过1400 m,其中最大测点深度为1460 m。通过实测和分析,获得了勘查区的地应力状态及其分布规律。研究结果表明:(1)勘查区深度466~1460 m范围内最大水平主应力为13.62~54.58 MPa,最小水平主应力为11.79~37.93 MPa,最大水平主应力方向为NEE向,实测地应力值随着深度增加成近似线性增长的关系;(2)勘查区最大水平主应力与垂直应力的比值为1.03~1.44,平均比值为1.28,表明勘查区地应力状态以水平应力为主导;(3)在埋深450 m以深地应力场类型表现为构造应力场型,且随深度增加,构造应力显现也增大。测量结果可为勘查区矿井规划与煤炭开采设计提供科学依据。 相似文献
4.
一、概述井壁崩落法是目前确定深部应力方向的重要方法。钻孔崩落是指沿垂直钻孔对趾部位出现的两条与钻孔平行的崩落带的现象,其结果可导致钻孔横截面成为椭圆形。理论与实验结果均表明该现象为地应力所致,其长轴方向与最小水平主应力S_h的方位一致。钻孔崩落的规模(崩落深度与宽度)与地应力大小有关,其中崩落宽度因受岩性影响而误差较 相似文献
5.
淮南矿区深部地应力场特征研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用水压致裂法和套孔应力解除法对淮南矿区-500～-1 000 m深度范围内的12个矿井进行了地应力测量,取得了19个有效测点的数据。数据分析表明：（1）淮南矿区深部地应力场以水平应力为主,构造应力占绝对优势,属于典型的构造应力场类型;（2）地应力量级属高应力水平;（3）垂直主应力、最大及最小水平主应力随深度的增加均呈增大趋势;（4）侧压系数 随深度增大而减小,地应力场有从大地动应力场型向准静水压力场型过渡的趋势;（5）侧压比 的回归曲线分布于Hoek-Brown内外包线带内,且变化趋势与Hoek-Brown曲线相似,但与Hoek-Brown曲线相比,回归曲线 值偏小;（6）最大水平主应力与最小水平主应力的比值范围为1.12～2.02,其中68.42%的测点分布在1.67～2.02之间;（7）最大水平主应力方位为NEE－EW向。最后探讨了淮南矿区地应力与地质构造的关系,分析认为,矿区最大主应力方向与构造运动密切相关,矿区现今构造应力场最大主应力方位与实测最大水平主应力方位大致吻合。 相似文献
6.
基于西南地区10个大型水电工程95点空间应力测试数据与50点硐壁应力恢复法测试数据,统计分析了边坡地应力场随垂向、水平向深度变化规律,根据主应力量级、倾角变化规律分析边坡浅表部地应力场特征,探讨了西南深切峡谷地区边坡地应力场分布规律。研究表明,（1）边坡应力场在宏观上可划分为浅表部区(0～300 m)与深部区(>300 m);（2）浅表部区主应力量级、倾角波动较为剧烈,而深部区主应力量级、倾角较为稳定,其最大主应力介于15～30 MPa,中间主应力介于10～20 MPa,最小主应力介于5～12 MPa,最大、最小主应力倾角介于0°～30°,最大主应力约为最小主应力的1.5～3.5倍;（3）浅表部区地应力场具有由主应力较小、最大主应力倾角与坡角近平行转变为主应力急剧增高、最大主应力倾角变化不明显,继而转变为主应力量级、最大主应力倾角剧烈波动,最后逐渐转变与深部应力场近于一致的特征。 相似文献
7.
郯庐断裂带是中国东部重要的地质构造带和地震活动带,苏、鲁交界部位的地震活动性和强震危险性一直引人瞩目,1668年发生过郯城8.5级大地震。为了解郯庐断裂带苏鲁界现今地应力环境与地震发展趋势,应用水压致裂法在该区开展了一个钻孔的原地应力测量工作,同时参考前人利用钻孔崩落法与声发射法获取的中国大陆科学钻探(CCSD)主孔301～5047m深度范围内的地应力数据,揭示了研究区地应力状态。利用库伦破裂准则、Byerlee定律以及断层摩擦参数μ_m分析研究该地区的地应力积累水平,评估断层发生滑动的可能性。结果表明:水压致裂法测点在75.74～191.04m深度范围内最小水平主应力的量值为3.68～13.15MPa,最大水平主应力的量值为4.02～19.40MPa。CCSD主孔在1269～5047m深度范围内最小水平主应力的量值为25.3～122.0MPa,最大水平主应力的量值为41.4～166.4MPa;分析地应力结构,发现自地表至660m的范围内,σ_Hσ_hσ_v,为逆断层地应力状态,660m以下表现为σ_Hσ_vσ_h,为走滑断层地应力状态。综合分析断层摩擦参数μ_m,郯庐断裂带苏鲁交界处尚未达到断层失稳的临界地应力状态。 相似文献
8.
9.
为更科学地指导中核甘肃核技术产业园的选址工作,需对预选厂址工程区范围内岩体的地应力状态及分布规律进行分析研究。在预选厂址工程区内对2个450m深的钻孔开展水压致裂原地应力测试,并采用了4种方法进行关闭压力处理来保证主应力值的可靠性和准确性。压裂测试结果表明,工程区内最大水平主应力值6.66~25.91 MPa,最小水平主应力值3.94~15.76 MPa,水平主应力和垂直应力关系为S_HS_hS_v,揭示工程区内水平应力作用占主导,利于逆断层活动。印模测试结果显示最大水平主应力优势方位为NE方向,与区域构造应力场方向基本吻合。基于实测数据计算K_(av)、K_(Hv)、K_(Hh)、μm和τm这5种应力状态特征参数,并利用库伦摩擦滑动准则分析预选厂址区断层活动性,进而综合评价预选厂址区的应力场特征及其对岩体工程稳定性的影响。 相似文献
10.
新建川藏铁路穿越鲜水河活动构造带,沿线构造应力场极其复杂,隧道围岩工程破坏问题突出。为了揭示该区构造应力场特征,为深埋隧道设计、施工提供基础参数,采用新型水压致裂地应力测量系统在川西郭达山隧道水平孔获得10段有效地应力测量数据,最大测量深度达508.10 m,创造了水平孔地应力测量最深记录。测量结果表明,在148.4~508.1 m测量深度范围,郭达山隧道水平孔截面上最大主应力值为3.59~13.72 MPa,最小主应力值为3.28~8.36 MPa。根据印模实验结果,除浅部钻孔截面上最大主应力倾角较大外,深部钻孔截面上最大主应力倾角近水平。根据地应力状态将0~280 m段划分为应力释放区,280~330 m段为应力集中区,大于330 m段为原地应力区。基于地应力测量结果对郭达山隧道水平孔围岩稳定性进行了预判分析,在孔深292.9 m、508.10 m处隧道围岩有轻微至中等程度岩爆可能,其余段无岩爆可能性。 相似文献
11.
The Sulu-Dabie high-pressure (HP)-ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) metamorphic belt as the product of subduction-collision between the northern China plate and Yangtze plate underwent a process of formation and evolution from deep subduction→exhumation→extension→slow uplift. The study of its modern tectonic stress field has great significance for a complete understanding of the process of formation and evolution of the HP-UHP metamorphic belt, especially the exhumation and uplift of the belt. Wellbore breakouts are the most visual tectonic phenomenon which can characterize the modern stress action in the main borehole of Chinese Continental Scientific Drilling (CCSD). Ultrasonic borehole televiewer reflection wave data show that wellbore breakouts began to occur at 1216 m depth of the main borehole. A total of 143 borehole televiewer images were collected from 1216 to 5118 m depth (hole completion depth). After data processing and statistics, the average azimuth of the long dimension of the wellbore breakout obtained was 319.5° ± 3.5°, indicating that the average azimuth of the maximum horizontal principal stress causing wellbore breakout initiation was 49.5° ± 3.5°. The maximum and minimum horizontal principal stress values at 52 depths in the interval of 1269 to 5047 m were estimated using the elements of wellbore shapes (wellbore depth and width), combined with the cohesive strength and internal frictional angle of the rock obtained by rock mechanical tests on samples, and the static load stresses at corresponding depths were calculated according to the rock density logging data. The results indicate that: the maximum and minimum horizontal principal stresses are 41.4 and 25.3 MPa at 1269 m depth respectively and 164.7 and 122 MPa at 5047 m depth respectively; the maximum vertical stress is 141.3 MPa at 5047 m depth with a density of 2.8 g/cm3; the in-situ stresses increase nearly linearly with depth. The magnitudes and directions of the three principal stresses reflect that the regional stress field around the CCSD main borehole is mainly in a strike-slip state, which is consistent with the basic features of the regional stress field determined using other methods. 相似文献
12.
Summary Stress concentration at the bottom of a borehole due to the corners with small radius of curvature in an axial section and
its effect on the azimuth of breakout was studied. To this end, a 3-D finite element analysis was conducted and the stress
around the borehole was examined for boreholes arbitrarily oriented to three principal axes of remote stress. Results show
that, in the case of high strength rock, compressive failure resulting in spalling of a borehole may occur only at the bottom
of the borehole. The spalling can occur continuously with drilling, and results in continuous spalling with depth, i.e., a
breakout. This type of breakout tends to form on one side of the borehole and its orientation is approximately perpendicular
to the orientation of standard breakouts, inferred from the stress concentration due to the cylindrical shape of the borehole. 相似文献
13.
Stress-induced breakouts in vertical boreholes are failure zones caused by excessive compressive stress concentration at the borehole wall along the springline of the least horizontal far-field stress. Wellbores are sometimes drilled into aquifers or oil reservoirs that are weak, poorly consolidated, and highly porous sandstone formations, which are often conducive to breakout formation. Breakouts are an expression of borehole instability and a potential source of sand production. On the other hand, the breakout phenomenon can be used advantageously in obtaining an estimate of the in situ stress condition. The average orientation of breakouts, as identified by borehole geophysical logging, is a reliable indicator of in situ stress directions. It has also been suggested that breakout dimensions could potentially be used as indicators of in situ stress magnitudes. The research reported here has concentrated on the unique type of breakouts observed for the first time in high-porosity Berea sandstone. Drilling experiments in rock blocks subjected to critical far-field true triaxial stress regimes, simulating in situ conditions, induced breakouts that were unlike the ‘dog-ear’ ones previously observed in granites, limestones, and low-porosity sandstones. The newly observed breakouts were thin, tabular, and very long, resembling fractures that counterintuitively extended perpendicular to the maximum principal stress. We found that a narrow zone ahead of a fracture-like breakout tip underwent apparent localized grain debonding and compaction. In the field, such zones have been termed ‘compaction bands’, and are a source of concern because in oil fields and aquifers they constitute curtains of low permeability that can impede the normal flow of oil or water. In order to determine whether a correlation exists between fracture-like breakouts and in situ stress, we conducted several series of tests in which the minimum horizontal and vertical stresses were held constant and the maximum horizontal stress (σH) was increased from test to test. These tests showed strong dependence of the breakout length on far-field stress, signaling that potentially the ability to assess fracture-like breakout length in the field could be used to estimate in situ stress magnitudes in conjunction with other indicators. Another series of tests revealed that breakout length increased substantially when borehole diameter was enlarged. This result suggested that in the field, where wellbore size is considerably larger, fracture-like breakout could extend to sizable distances, creating a sand production hazard. Two series of tests, one to evaluate the effect of drill-bit penetration rate, and the other to verify the drilling-fluid flow rate effect on breakout formation and dimensions yielded inconsistent results and showed no unique trends. Remarkably, fracture-like breakouts maintained a consistent narrow width of about 5–10 grain diameters, irrespective of the test conditions. This characteristic supports the suggestion that fracture-like breakouts are emptied compaction bands. 相似文献
14.
The orientation of the maximum horizontal stress SH is obtained from the analysis of borehole breakouts, covering a depth range from 300 to 3415 m (below sea level) in twelve offshore exploration wells in the northwestern Valencia Trough. The orientation of SH is roughly coincident with the strike of major extensional structures. From N to S it changes counterclockwise from a NE–SW orientation to a N–S orientation. Estimates of the tectonic regimes indicate that the area is characterised predominantly by normal-faulting with a strike-slip component. Both the stress orientations and the tectonic regimes are consistent with neotectonic studies in the nearby Catalan Coastal Ranges. An established method of estimating the tectonic regime by Moos and Zoback (1990) was modified by the inclusion of a nontrivial cohesion, but this changes the results insignificantly. 相似文献
15.
深埋特长隧道工程的高地应力问题越来越受到重视,如何准确高效地确定工程区地应力状态,是目前关注的重点和难点。针对深埋特长隧道地应力状态的确定问题,我们提出了基于多源数据的初始原地应力方向综合确定和应力量值预测及复核的综合解决方案。通过勘察阶段有限钻孔的地应力测试,并结合区域多源地应力资料,可以综合确定地应力方向并利用修正的Sheorey模型预测隧道轴线地应力;针对预测结果,在隧道开挖施工过程中,进一步利用有限钻孔的水压致裂地应力测试检验预测结果并复核隧道应力状况。结果表明,桃子垭隧道水平最大主应力方向为N15°W~N40°W,实测三向应力关系为SH≥Sv＞Sh;钻孔附近的应力预测值在区域实测应力量值变化范围内,隧道埋深最大处的水平最大、最小应力值分别达24 MPa和16 MPa;隧道施工过程中的4个钻孔应力量值复核结果显示,除了局部受到岩性变化、断裂破碎带等影响出现偏差,本文预测结果与实测应力量值基本一致。笔者发展的原地应力综合预测及复核方法,一方面可以快速有效地预测深埋特长隧道等线状工程的原地应力状态,有效降低初始勘察阶段地应力测试成本,另一方面,应力量值的复核保证了应力预测结果的可靠性,可以为隧道施工方案的及时变更及预算调整等提供有力依据和数据支撑。 相似文献
16.
Acoustic Borehole Images for Fracture Extraction and Analysis in Second Pre-pilot Drillhole of CCSD 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Zou Changchun Geo-detection Laboratory China University of Geosciences Ministry of Education Beijing China School of Earth Space Sciences Peking University Beijing China Shi Ge School of Earth Space Sciences Peking University Beijing China Pan Lingzhi Geo-detection Laboratory China University of Geosciences Ministry of Education Beijing China 《中国地质大学学报(英文版)》2004,15(1):123-127
INTRODUCTIONThesecondpre pilotdrillholeofChineseContinentalScientificDrilling (CCSD PPⅡ)ProjectislocatedintheeastofDabie Suluultra highpressuremetamorphic (UHPM)belt,andthesouthofSuluareainthenorthofMaobeiVil lage ,DonghaiCounty ,JiangsuProvince ,China .PPⅡwasdrilleddownto 10 2 8.6 8mdepthwith 75 .5cmbits ,andcasedatadepthof 6 9.5m .TheinvestigationintodrillcoresrevealsthatPPⅡpenetratesmetamorphicformations .Fivemajorlithologicalunitsareidentifiedasfollows :parag neiss,ortho… 相似文献
17.
In Italy, the horizontal stress directions are well constrained in many regions, but the tectonic regime is not well known because the stress magnitudes are unknown. Our intention is to improve the knowledge of crustal stress in Italy, both at shallow depth and in low seismicity areas. Therefore, we inferred the tectonic regime from the comparison between the depth of breakout occurrence and the physical properties of the rocks in 20 boreholes. The critical value of the maximum horizontal stress, for which the effective tangential stress at the borehole wall overcomes the rock strength to form breakouts, could be computed from rock strength and density. Comparing the theoretical stress distributions for different tectonic regimes with the depth distribution of breakout occurrence, it is possible to infer the tectonic regime that fits best to the breakout depth distribution. We investigated boreholes up to 6 km deep located in different tectonic environments over the Italian peninsula: the Po Plain, the Apenninic chain, the Adriatic foredeep and the Tyrrhenian Quaternary volcanic region. These wells are characterised by breakout data of good quality (A, B and C, according to World Stress Map quality ranking system). The results are in general agreement with the style of faulting derived from earthquake focal mechanisms and other stress indicators. Our results show a predominance of a normal faulting (NF) regime in the inner Apennines and both normal faulting and strike–slip faulting (SS) style in the surrounding regions, possibly also associated with changes in the tectonic regime with depth. 相似文献
18.
Inherent heterogeneity of a rock strongly affects its mechanical behavior. We numerically study the mechanisms governing the initiation, propagation, and ultimate pattern of borehole breakouts in heterogeneous rocks. A two-dimensional finite element model incorporating material heterogeneity is established to systematically examine the effects of several key factors on borehole failure, including borehole diameter, far-field stress, and rock heterogeneity. The inherent heterogeneity of a rock is explicitly characterized by prescribing the rock mechanical properties of mesoscale elements statistically obeying the Weibull distribution. Elastic damage mechanics is used to represent the constitutive law of the mesoscale element. We find that borehole diameter reduction remarkably changes the crack failure from tensile to shear and elevates the critical hydrostatic pressure. Far-field stress anisotropy strongly affects the shape of the borehole breakout. Rock heterogeneity dictates the location of the preferred crack under the hydrostatic stress, which leads to local stress concentration, and determines the types of breakouts around the borehole. Our findings facilitate in-depth understanding of the classic borehole stability problems in heterogeneous rocks. 相似文献
19.
G. Klee A. Bunger G. Meyer F. Rummel B. Shen 《Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering》2011,44(5):531-540
The development of Hot-Dry Rock (HDR) geothermal energy in Australia with drillings to some kilometres depth yields an impetus
for deep stress logging. For the Olympic Dam HDR-project, borehole Blanche-1 was drilled to almost 2 km depth and provided
the possibility to estimate the in situ stresses within the granitic borehole section by the analysis of borehole breakouts
and core discing, as well as by hydraulic fracturing combined with acoustic borehole televiewer logging for fracture orientation
determination. Although the stress magnitudes derived by the different methods deviate significantly, they clearly indicate
for the depth range between 800 and 1,740 m a compressional stress regime of S
v ≤ S
h < S
H and a consistent East–West orientation of maximum horizontal compression in agreement with existing stress data for Australia.
The minor horizontal stress S
h derived from the hydraulic fracturing closure pressure values is about equal to the overburden stress and may be regarded
as most reliable. 相似文献
20.
深部泥页岩储层地应力状态的准确确定是页岩气等非常规能源高效开发的关键。综合基于原位地应力测试获得水平最小主应力,建立基于流变模型的地应力剖面,应用成像测井技术确定水平最大主应力方向等,是准确确定泥页岩储层地应力的有效方法。将该研究思路应用于陕西汉中SZ1井,利用水压致裂原地应力测试方法获得储层水平最小主应力值范围为32~41 MPa;利用偶极声波测井数据获得岩石力学参数,结合地壳应变率和储层埋藏史,建立了SZ1井地应力剖面,结果表明牛蹄塘组1950~2025 m深度范围内水平主应力差介于10~15 MPa,水平最小主应力值范围为28~41 MPa,水平最大主应力值范围为47~49 MPa,预测得到的水平最小主应力值与实测结果具有较好的一致性。原地应力实测及流变模型预测结果揭示SZ1井地应力为正断型(Sv＞SH＞Sh)或正断型与走滑型相结合的应力状态(Sv≈SH＞Sh)。水平主应力差随伽玛值的升高而变小,表明地应力剖面与地层岩性具有较好的对应关系。基于成像测井揭示的钻孔诱导张裂隙分布特征,SZ1井水平最大主应力方向约为N74°W,与区域构造应力场方向基本一致。相关结论为准确认识SZ1井目标层地应力状态,以及后期水平井布设及压裂控制等提供了重要依据。 相似文献