共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
This study focused on the influence of base metal mining on heavy metal levels in soils and plants in the vicinity of Arufu lead-zinc mine, Nigeria. Soil samples (0-15 cm depth) and plant samples were collected from cul-tivated farmlands in and around the mine, the unmineralized site and a nearby forest (the control site). The samples were analyzed for heavy metals (Fe, Zn, Mn, Cu, Pb, Cr and Cd) by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS). The physical properties of soils (pH and LOI) were also measured. Results showed that soils from cultivated farm-lands have neutral pH values (6.5-7.5), and low organic matter contents (10%). Levels of Zn, Pb and Cd in culti-vated soils were higher than the concentrations obtained from the control site. These heavy metals are most probably sourced from mining and agricultural activities in the study area. Heavy metal concentrations measured in plant parts decreased in the order of rice leavescassava tuberspeelings. In the same plant species, metal levels decreased in the order of ZnFeMnCuPbCrCd. Most heavy metals were found in plant parts at average concentrations normally observed in plants grown in uncontaminated soil, however, elevated concentrations of Pb and Cd were found in a few cassava samples close to the mine dump. A stepwise linear regression analysis identified soil metal contents, pH and LOI as some of the factors influencing soil-plant metal uptake. 相似文献
2.
内蒙古临河市城市土壤环境地球化学特征 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：1
通过对内蒙古临河市区土壤、浮尘中元素地球化学特征的研究分析,表明在临河市区的表层土壤与浮尘中均存在Cd、Pb、Hg、Cu、Cr等重金属元素异常,而在深层土壤中上述元素呈背景值分布。在浮尘中各重金属元素含量明显高出对应表层土壤中元素含量,这些元素在浮尘中含量是土壤中的1.39~4.12倍。这些异常元素的来源包括燃煤产生、汽车尾气排放以及其他工业活动的排放。Pb、Cd是临河市区浮尘和土壤中的主要重金属异常元素,是主要的影响因子。Cu含量在临河市区明显高出河套平原,在浮尘中Cu含量明显高出土壤的,可能与Cu制品在城市区使用较多有关。作为一个主要以轻工业为主的城市,临河市区的重金属含量要明显低于其他大城市,但也存在元素的异常区,说明人类活动对城市区环境产生了严重影响。 相似文献
3.
Hashem Abbas Madkour 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2013,6(6):1739-1752
In order to monitor the heavy metals effect coming from both human activities and natural inputs on coral reef environments of the Egyptian Red Sea coast, metal concentrations in thirty- eight coral reef species and nearby sediment samples collected from seven studied sites were analyzed. Four sites represent impacted areas; included from south to north Hamrawein, Safaga and Hurghada Harbours and Ras El-Behar Area. Wadi El-Gemal represents natural input area while Qola'an and Kalawye Reefs are the control areas. Heavy metal contents were measured in both coral skeletons and nearby marine sediments. Both impact areas as well as natural inputs area recorded the highest values of metals compared with the control ones. However, heavy metal contents recorded high values in sediments of Hamrawein Harbour, while coral species recorded high values in Wadi El-Gemal area. Generally, metal variations in coral reef species reflect natural conditions and human activity. On the other hand, there are no clear relationships between concentrations of heavy metals in coral reef species and those in sediments. 相似文献
4.
为研究江西信丰油山地区绿色富硒土壤的分布特征,进一步指导当地耕种,提高农作物质量,通过在油山地区采集1277件表层土壤样,选取典型土壤横向和纵向剖面,研究该区土壤Se及重金属元素的地球化学特征。油山地区绿色富硒土壤主要分布于西部震旦系;横向上,沿河水流动方向,土壤中的Se、As、Cr、Ni和Cu含量逐渐降低,Se与As、Cr、Ni、Cu呈显著正相关;垂向上,土壤中的Se与重金属元素在地表富集,Se仅与As呈显著正相关;土壤Se与重金属元素来源于震旦纪坝里组黑色碳质板岩,随水共同迁移,富集于母岩近区及河流汇集区。 相似文献
5.
W.A. Fairburn 《Journal of Geochemical Exploration》1973,2(4):403-410
After the completion of a programme of regional stream sediment sampling to observe base metal distributions in drainage systems in the southwest of Western Australia, it was noted that above background Pb and Sn contents in minus 80-mesh fractions of samples from the Warren River area, were related to unusually high Nb contents in the same samples.Further investigations revealed that the anomalous samples were from streams draining eroded sand dunes containing heavy mineral sands, related to a former shore line. Assays of heavy mineral differentiates from these dune sands gave values up to 0.12% Nb in samples of altered ilmenite. 相似文献
6.
《Applied Geochemistry》2001,16(11-12):1387-1396
The purposes of this study are to (i) determine the geochemical characteristics of Imgok creek impacted by acid mine drainage (AMD) generated from abandoned coal mines, (ii) to assess the pollution of heavy metals in the stream sediments and soils, and (iii) to identify the chemical form of Fe precipitates collected in the study area where there are 4 abandoned coal mines, which belong to the Grangreung coal field at the eastern part of Korea. AMD generated from mine adits and coal refuse piles shows low pH, and high concentrations of Fe, Al and SO4, especially in the Youngdong coal mine. In Imgok creek, pH values increased, and total dissolved solids (TDS) values decreased with distance. The concentrations of toxic heavy metals and major cations except Fe decreased by dilution, but the concentration of Fe decreased rapidly due to the formation of precipitates. The quality of groundwater samples did not exceed the Korean drinking-water standard. In the stream sediments, the concentrations of Fe are relatively high in the Youngdong tributary and Imgok creek, but the concentrations of heavy metals are similar to those of unpolluted sediments. Pollution indices of agricultural soils range from 0.28 to 0.47. Yellowish red Fe precipitates collected in the study area turned out to be amorphous or poorly crystallized minerals (determined by X-ray diffraction patterns and Feox/Fetot ratios) and to contain chemically bonded SO4 and OH [determined by infra-red (IR) spectral analysis]. With these, the mol ratios of Fe/S ranging from 4.6 to 6.1 determined by electron probe micro-analysis (EPMA) in precipitates strongly support the existence of schwertmannite. 相似文献
7.
大冶铁山地区河流水体及水系沉积物中重金属元素分布特征 总被引：7，自引：3，他引：7
矿产资源的长期勘探、开采和冶炼活动给大冶铁山地区的自然生态环境造成了严重破坏.对该区西港河、东港河河水和水系沉积物中重金属元素分布特征的研究结果表明,该区矿山开采和冶炼活动形成的重金属污染元素主要为Cd、As、Zn;其主要污染源为冶炼厂排放的废水,其次是采矿废弃物堆积渗漏水;重金属元素在河水与水系沉积物中的空间分布特征较相似,但水系沉积物中元素质量分数比河水中的普遍增高,元素变化的剧烈程度加剧. 相似文献
8.
Characterization of heavy metal pollution in the paddy soils of Xiangyin County, Dongting lake drainage basin, central south China 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
The heavy metal accumulation in soils caused by industrialization has attracted broad attention. To evaluate the soil environmental quality of Xiangyin County, an important food production base in China, 99 top paddy soil samples were analyzed for total concentrations of As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Zn and Pb. Kriging interpolation was used to determine the spatial distribution of the metals. The assessment of soil environmental quality was performed according to pollution index methods. As the results showed, except for Cu, Cr and Ni, the mean concentrations of Zn, Pb, Cd, As and Hg in soils were elevated to different extents when compared with the background values. Moreover, except for Cd, contents of seven other elements in most soil samples were below the Class II criteria for Chinese environmental quality standards, which established the maximum allowable concentration of heavy metal in the farmland. Therefore, the soils were believed to be polluted mainly by Cd. All of the elements showed a similar spatial distribution pattern with low contents in the east upland area, and high contents in the middle by the west area, located close to Dongting lake. The long-term practice of using the Xiangjiang river as irrigation water was believed to be the main reason resulting in the enrichment of heavy metals in soils around Dongting lake. In addition, the evaluation results showed that about 45.8, 51.1 and 3.1?% of the study area were classified as slightly, moderately and seriously polluted with Cd, respectively. As for the other seven elements, soil environmental quality was fairly well because of their grades belonging to clean or excellent. By integration of the assessment results for individual elements, it was found that about 3.8?% of the study area was clean, 82.2?% was slightly polluted and 14.1?% was moderately polluted. On the whole, most of the study area was at safe and guarded level. However, appropriate measures still should be adopted to control the levels of heavy metals in agricultural soils. The findings obtained in this study were useful for establishing policies for protecting the local soil environments and guaranteeing the food quality as well as the people??s health. 相似文献
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10.
廊坊地区土壤重金属存在形态及有效性分析 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
通过对廊坊39个样点根系土中As、Cd、Cr、Hg、Pb共5种重金属元素各形态含量的统计与分析,总结出该区根系土重金属元素形态组成特征,初步分析了各重金属元素在土壤中的地球化学行为。运用相关性分析方法,对5种重金属元素有效态含量与全量及土壤pH、TOC的相关性进行分析。根据分析结果,重金属元素有效态含量的高低不仅受其全量的影响,而且与土壤pH、TOC亦有着密切关系。该结论为评估廊坊表层土壤重金属元素污染程度提供了理论依据。 相似文献
11.
Natural background and pollution levels of some heavy metals in soils from the area of Dayton,Ohio 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
In a reconnaissance study, trace amounts of Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn were determined in “A-zone” soil from 22 locations in the Dayton,
Ohio, area. Soil samples were collected at high-volume air monitoring sites in urban, suburban, and rural areas. Measurable
amounts of the elements were found in all of the samples. Positive correlations occur between each metal and particulate matter,
with correlation coefficients of aboutr=0.70, at the 99% confidence level. Natural background values for the elements were measured in soil from rural areas. Theoretical
background values, which are very close to those measured, were calculated from the individual regression equations. Natural
background levels do not exceed 1.00 ppm Cd, 15 ppm Cu, 25 ppm Pb, and 55 ppm Zn. The heavy metal contents of most soils in
the area exceed background by factors of up to 3.0 for Cd, up to 4.5 for Cu, up to 11 for Pb, and up to 4.5 for Zn.
Significant positive correlations among the metals suggest a common source (or sources) for at least some, if not most, of
the heavy metals. For the most part, the highest metal values are found in soils near coal-burning plants. Fly ash from a
local plant contains substantial amounts of the elements. The high lead values are largely due to vehicular exhaust. However,
there is evidence that the metals can also come from the normal deterioration of vehicles.
It appears that airborne pollution is an important source of heavy metals in Dayton area soils. 相似文献
12.
内海湾底泥沉积物的环境质量状况与水生生物的生存和人体健康关系密切。在广东汕头市内海湾两岸23个点位采集了表层(0~20 cm)和深层(100~120 cm)底泥沉积物样品46件,对其pH值和Cd、Hg、As、Pb、Cr、Cu、Zn计7项重金属及K含量进行测试分析,调查底泥中这些重金属的含量特征,并参照农用地水田土壤污染风险管控标准对重金属环境污染质量进行评价。结果表明汕头内海湾底泥沉积物的pH介于7.00~8.82之间,平均值为7.83,在46件样品中41件样品的pH值大于7.5。内海湾底泥中7项重金属元素的含量均明显低于环境污染风险管制值,即对该区底泥重金属环境污染不需要管制。Cd、As、Pb、Cr这4项重金属含量均低于污染风险筛选值,其污染风险可以忽略。2件表层样品的Hg含量值高于污染风险筛选值,18件样品的Cu和Zn含量值高于污染风险筛选值,因此建议对底泥中Cu、Zn、Hg含量进行环境质量监测。K含量介于0.70%~2.59%,平均值为1.54%。基于表层底泥和深层底泥元素含量对比分析,认为该区Hg污染来源应为人为源;Cu、Zn的污染来源一部分为人为源,另一部分可能为人为源、自然源或二者的混合源。 相似文献
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14.
陕西潼关金矿区太峪河底泥重金属元素的含量及污染评价 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
通过对潼关金矿区太峪河和太峪水库底泥中重金属元素总量的调查,探讨了金矿开发活动中重金属元素对河流底泥的污染程度。研究结果表明,除As外,河流底泥中重金属元素的含量与尾矿渣中重金属元素的含量变化一致,表明其主要来源于尾矿渣,但又明显高于尾矿渣。在同一地点河流底泥中重金属元素的含量平均高出河水中的1048.61～666030.08倍,呈显著富集。以邻近地区不受工矿活动影响的河流底泥重金属元素的含量均值作为评价参比值,太峪河底泥受到了Hg、Pb、Cd、Cu、Zn元素的极度污染,单项污染超标倍数及综合污染指数法评价结果表明,Hg、Pb、Cd平均污染超标倍数达366.90、217.42和149.97,是底泥中最主要的污染元素。河流底泥重金属元素的综合污染指数高达278.97,表明河流的复合污染亦呈极度状态。太峪河底泥受重金属元素极度污染的现实提示,矿区的环境防治工作已刻不容缓。 相似文献
15.
鸭绿江河口西岸潮间带柱状沉积物中重金属的分布特征及其对流域变化的响应 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
2010年和2011年在鸭绿江西水道和西岸潮间带共采集4根柱状样,通过对2mPb测年、粒度、总有机碳、重金属元素等多指标综合分析,探讨了：（1）鸭绿江河口西水道和西岸潮间带柱状沉积物中重金属的垂向分布及其来源：（2）重金属分布的粒度控制作用：（3）不同时期的粒度和重金属分布变化及其对流域变化的响应。结果表明：f1）Cu和zn可能来源于有机质降解的内源释放：Cr和Ni表征了岩石风化剥蚀形成陆源碎屑的自然来源：Cd和Pb反映了人类活动的影响。（2）除西岸潮间带的Cd和Pb含量可能部分受来源影响外,研究区的粒度效应是控制鸭绿江地区重金属含量分布的最主要因素。（3）粒度变化与流域演变密切相关,重金属含量对流域变化和人类活动响应明显,大致以1940年、1970年、1995年为界分为四个沉积阶段：1940年以前,自然演变对鸭绿江河口西岸潮间带的重金属分布控制明显,而1940年来至今,人类活动的控制作用日益凸显。 相似文献
16.
通过对山东省小清河流域土壤重金属污染现状的调查研究,查明土壤重金属污染状况,元素来源和分布迁移规律,从而为该区土壤重金属污染的科学治理提供有效依据。研究发现,小清河沿岸地区的重金属污染主要表现为As、Cd、Cr、Ni等元素的污染;依据内梅罗污染指数评价方法发现研究区存在重金属污染的土壤总面积为880.5 km2,未受到重金属污染的土壤面积为1 822.1 km2,分别占全区总土壤面积的32.58%和67.42%,其中上游的济南市城区北园镇至华山镇区域的小清河两岸是重污染区。对小清河流域土壤重金属来源的探析表明,大气干湿沉降是土壤重金属污染的主要来源;土壤重金属的生物有效性评价显示重金属元素Cd的活动态比例高达56.17%,活化迁移能力强,是该区对生态环境危害性最大的污染因子。此外,As、Cd、Cr、Pb等重金属元素的活动态含量明显受pH值和Corg含量的制约,在低pH值、高Corg含量的土壤区应高度重视As和Cd的污染问题。 相似文献
17.
为查明黄河流域土壤元素地球化学组合特征及重金属元素异常分布区域,采集该流域济南段表层土壤、不同土壤类型样品,以及重金属异常区域水平剖面-垂向剖面土壤样品,测定N、P、Mn、Mo、Zn、As、Cr、Hg、Pb、Ni和V等29项土壤指标,通过元素聚类分析（皮尔逊相关系数法）、因子分析（Bartlett球度检验,KMO检验验证,最大方差旋转）和重金属元素异常区域立体化分析进行评价。研究表明：受人类活动影响较明显的元素有第一簇群元素（Pb、Zn、Cu、Mo、Cr、V、Co）及Hg元素,第一族群元素在街道中心区域各元素含量普遍较高;As、F等元素受人为影响较小,与河流分布有一定的关系。另外,不同土壤类型中各元素丰缺情况有一定差异性。重金属元素异常区分布相对分散,较为集中的两个异常区域是大桥街道东北部和太平街道与孙耿街道交界处。在调查区东西方向上,各重金属峰值分布有明显差异性,纵向剖面元素分布情况各异。黄河流域（济南段）大部分地区元素含量受背景值控制,小部分区域(面积<0.3%)存在轻度的人为重金属污染,整体土壤环境较好,适合发展农业。 相似文献
18.
基于支持向量机的喀斯特山区土壤环境质量评价——以贵州北部一茶叶园区为例 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以贵州北部一茶叶园区80个表层土壤样品为研究对象,对其Hg、As、Cd、Pb、Cr和Cu含量进行测定,在MATLAB中应用支持向量机构建土壤环境质量评价模型,并与模糊综合评价法和内梅罗综合污染指数法的评价结果对比分析,探究支持向量机模型在喀斯特山区土壤环境质量评价中的适用性,其结果表明:研究区土壤质量Ⅰ类与Ⅱ类样品比例为33∶7,土壤环境质量大多数为I类;支持向量机方法的评价结果与模糊综合评价法和内梅罗综合污染指数法结果的相同率分别达到82.5%和80.0%,并分析结果有差异的样品,发现支持向量机评价结果更符合实际情况,这说明该模型适用于土壤环境质量的评价。 相似文献
19.
Overbank and medium-order stream sediment samples were collected in Belgium and Luxembourg from 66 sampling locations (area of about 33,000 km2) and analysed for major and trace elements among which Zn, Pb, Cu and As. At each sampling location large bulk samples were taken, namely in the lower (normally at ≥1.5 m depth, over an interval of about 20–40 cm) and upper (normally upper 5–25 cm) parts of the overbank profiles and from the stream sediments. Furthermore, at a number of these sites, a detailed geochemical analysis of vertical overbank sediment profiles (sampling intervals of 10–20 cm) was subsequently carried out to unravel element variations through time and to help in the overall evaluation. For most sampled sections evidences such as 14C-dating and the absence of anthropogenic particles point towards a pre-industrial and often pristine origin of the lower overbank sediment samples. From the latter bulk samples, mean background concentrations were deduced. They reveal the existence of significant differences between the northern and southern part of Belgium (incl. Luxembourg) which relate to the difference in geological substrate. In the north dominantly non-lithified Quaternary and Tertiary sands, marls and clays occur while in the south Palaeozoic sandstones, shales and carbonate rocks outcrop. Consequently separate mean background values were calculated for the two areas. In the southern study area, some anomalous metal concentrations have been recorded in pre-industrial sediments. They are derived from mineralised Palaeozoic rocks, a feature which could be of interest for base metal exploration. In the upper overbank and stream sediments, in general, higher heavy metal and As contents were recorded with highest values in areas with metal mining, metal melting and cokes treatment industries. By comparing the trace element concentrations of the upper overbank or stream sediment samples with the concentrations detected in the lower overbank samples at each of the sampling locations, and by evaluating the vertical distribution patterns where available, the degree of pollution of the alluvial plain and the present-day stream sediments can be assessed. From this exercise, it is clear that highest pollution occurs in the northern part of Belgium, which relates to its high population density and industrial development. 相似文献
20.
为了解潼关金矿矿区早期粗放式的矿业活动对矿区周边农田土壤的重金属污染状况的影响以及对暴露人群的不良健康效应的评价,采用地质调查工程选取了矿区附近6块农田土壤为研究对象,通过X射线荧光光谱分析法测定了68个土壤样本中Cd、Hg、As、Pb、Cr、Cu、Ni、Zn等8种土壤重金属含量,采用地累积指数法、潜在生态危害指数法和健康风险评估模型分别评价该区土壤重金属污染程度、潜在生态风险和人体健康风险。结果表明,该区农田土壤中Cd、Hg、Pb、Cu、Ni、Zn 6种重金属平均值高于潼关县土壤背景值,呈现不同程度的积累;Pb、Hg、Cd的土壤积累含量不仅超出了土壤重金属污染对农产品质量存在安全风险的最低限值农用地土壤污染风险筛选值,还分别以41.2%、72.1%、14.7%的超标率超出了土壤重金属污染对农产品质量存在安全风险的最高限值农用地土壤污染风险管制值;研究区土壤重金属污染评价显示,土壤中Hg、Cd、Pb总体污染程度最重,Cu、Zn总体呈现轻—重污染,Ni、Cr、As总体呈现无污染状态。生态风险评价显示,Hg、Cd、Pb为主要生态危害元素,Hg为极强风险,Cd和Pb为强风险。人体健康风险表明,研究区重金属对儿童的非致癌风险显著,Pb、Hg为主要非致癌因子;致癌风险均在合理范围,Cd致癌风险最大,手-口摄入为最主要的暴露途经,儿童更易受到重金属污染威胁。 相似文献