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北京地区许多废弃的无主老矿山未实施矿山环境治理和土地资源恢复工程,矿区内地质环境和生态条件恶劣。本文对废弃矿山及其治理工程特点进行了分析,运用灰色关联度分析法,阐述了矿山废弃地土地资源破坏效应的四个因素——地表景观效应、土体污染效应、次生灾害效应、生态环境之间的联系。以房山区石窝大理石矿山废弃地治理工程为例,提出了矿山废弃地治理以矿山环境、灾害治理为主,以园林景观绿化为辅相结合的二维治理模式,在地形整治、挡土墙、绿化等措施的基础上进行园林景观的设计,结合周边居民生活需求,利用矿区内的正负地形渣堆和采石坑,进行景观的再生和组合,将采石坑设计成下沉式休闲公园和健身广场,希望通过园林景观绿化工程的实施,改善矿区及周边地表景观和生态环境。 相似文献
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废弃矿山是剧烈人为干扰下的一种特殊景观类型,其存在的地质环境问题正成为地区可持续发展的障碍,亟需对其进行环境治理。景观再生设计能够消除地质环境问题,恢复土地利用价值,重建稳定平衡的生态系统,创造出符合现代生活特征、具有艺术水准、融入自然观、生态思想与生态技术的景观,其从更高的角度、更深的层面为废弃矿山所带来的社会与环境问题找到了出路。以北京龙世源石业有限责任公司采石场矿山环境治理为例,探索采用景观再生设计的手法对其进行治理,以期为其他矿山环境治理项目提供一些新思路和新方法。 相似文献
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河南省某高速是省内重点交通基础设施,也是河南知名旅游高速通道。近年,随着城市建设需要,高速公路沿线采石等采矿活动比较频繁。矿业开发在满足经济发展需要的同时,不断改变和破坏着矿区及周边的地质环境,存在易引发地质灾害、地形地貌景观破坏等地质环境问题。本文以高速公路沿线某灰岩采坑为例,论述矿山地质环境治理技术,拟采取边坡整理、覆土、护坡、矿渣堆平整、挡墙、道路修整、标志碑及生物工程等治理手段恢复受损矿山地质环境。该治理工程可为当地人民生产、生活创造良好的生态环境,保障下游群众生命财产安全及高速公路等重要交通设施安全,改善该条观光旅游线路的人居环境和旅游环境,提升河南旅游城市整体形象。 相似文献
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以荥阳市某建筑石料用灰岩矿山为例,从地质灾害、含水层、地形地貌景观和土地资源4个方面对露天开采矿山可能发生的地质环境问题进行探讨,提出预防及恢复措施,以指导同类矿山地质环境的保护与恢复治理. 相似文献
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对河南由于矿山开采引发地质灾害、资源毁损、景观破坏等地质环境问题进行阐述,并对近年来开展的矿山环境治理工作所存在的问题进行分析。在此基础上,提出矿山地质环境问题治理建议。 相似文献
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陈舜孟铭杰梁明 《地质灾害与环境保护》2021,32(2):99-103
矿山地质环境恢复是国家绿水青山建设的重要组成部分,为查明四川省矿山地质环境问题,本文采用资料收集、遥感解译、地面调查、岩土样采集测试等方法,调查了全省所有在建、生产、废弃、政策性关闭的矿山,分析了土地资源压占与损毁、地形地貌景观改变、含水层结构破坏、地质灾害、水土污染等地质环境问题,建立了四川省矿山地质环境数据库,进而基于模糊数学方法,对四川省矿山地质环境综合评价分区,提出矿山地质环境保护与治理措施建议,为全省有计划地进行矿山地质环境恢复治理提供参考。 相似文献
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矿山地质环境治理问题,主要是对废弃的尾矿坝等环境地质问题进行地质环境的恢复治理,因地制宜,分析坝体的稳定性,采取合理的工程措施,保证尾矿坝的安全.以某碱矿杂水池坝为例,分析了存在的地质环境问题,时影响坝体稳定性的原因进行了分析,提出了矿山环境综合治理的工程措施. 相似文献
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随着徐州市矿山环境保护与治理工程的实施,徐州市因采煤塌陷及开山采石造成的生态环境问题及景观破坏得到改善,废弃闲置的土地资源得到有效利用。通过分析徐州市矿山环境保护与治理的现状,以生态优先、以人为本及经济效益和示范效应为原则,部署废弃露采矿山治理、采煤塌陷地复垦及绿色矿山建设的重点工程,从资金筹措、技术支撑及政策保障等方面提出重点工程实施的保障措施。 相似文献
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The possible application of a Rindler type reference frame for studies of physical processes near the horizons of black and white holes is considered. New similar reference frames inside black and white holes in the region T of a Kruskal wormhole are introduced. 相似文献
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A supernova explosion in a close binary system in which one of the components is a compact magnetized object (neutron star or white dwarf) can form a narrow “tail” with length l t ～109 cm, width h t ～108 cm, and magnetic field B t ～106, due to the resulting shock wave flowing around the magnetosphere of the compact object. The energy released by the reconnection of magnetic field lines in this tail can accelerate electrons to relativistic speeds (γ≈104), creating the conditions required for powerful synchrotron radiation at energies from hundreds of keV to several MeV, i.e., for a gamma-ray burst (GRB). The duration of this radiation will depend on the power of the shock that forms during the supernova. If the shock is not sufficiently powerful to tear off the magnetosphere tail from the compact object, the duration of the GRB will not exceed l t /V A ≤1 s, and the conditions necessary for an “afterglow” at softer energies will not arise. If the shock is more powerful, the tail can be torn from the magnetosphere, forming a narrow ejection, which is perceived in its relativistic motion toward the observer(Γ～104) as an afterglow whose duration grows from tens of seconds at gamma-ray energies to tens of days in the optical. This may explain why afterglows are observed only in association with long GRBs (T 90>10 s). Very short GRBs (T 90<0.1 s) may be local, i.e., low-power, phenomena occurring in close pairs containing compact, magnetized objects, in which there is again an interaction between the magnetosphere of the compact object and a shock wave, but the shock is initiated by a flare on the companion, which is a red-dwarf cataclysmic variable, rather than by a supernova. 相似文献
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M. Yu. Reshetnyak 《Astronomy Reports》2016,60(2):294-305
The dependences of the magnetic-field strength, variations of the magnetic field, and the multipole level on the amplitudes of the α and ω effects are considered using a two-dimensional model for a Parker dynamo in a spherical layer. Calculations have been carried out for both traditional spatial distributions of α and ω and geostrophic regimes obtained from three-dimensional modeling of thermal convection. Two-dimensional distributions of the dynamo-wave velocities in the zone where magnetic field is generated are presented. Comparisons with the solar and planetary dynamos are considered. 相似文献
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The focus of this contribution is to develop a complex variable function method to solve the two-dimensional scattering of plane waves by a lined cylindrical cavity in the poroelastic half-plane. The poroelastic half-plane is based on Biot’s dynamic theory, and the governing equations are solved by reduction to three Helmholtz equations. The lining structure can be treated as an elastic material and decoupled into two Helmholtz equations. Here, the large circle assumption is applied to simulate the half-plane boundary. By using appropriate boundary conditions and continuity conditions, the unknown coefficients in the potentials can be determined. Selected numerical results are presented in this paper. 相似文献
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Summary Any rock may be regarded as an aggregate of mineral species frequency distributions, thus opening up a new method of analyzing the problems of the nature of these discrete distributions.Based on theorems in mathematical probability, a subrock sample is defined as a probability sample under the conditions that every mineral species' distribution function in this subrock converges probabilistically to one and the same distributions the nature of which is immaterial at this point.For obvious reasons, the situation is excluded if the sample size approaches infinity, i.e., Chebyshev's theorem (Chebyshev, 1867). 相似文献
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Victor Ryzhik 《Computational Geosciences》2007,11(1):1-8
Spreading of a non-aqueous phase liquid (NAPL) denser than water (DNAPL) lens (mound) in the unsaturated zone of double-porosity
aquifer above an impervious plane boundary is investigated. The double-porosity aquifer is conceptualized as a fracture network
surrounding pervious blocks. Vertical gravity equilibrium is assumed to prevail in each one of the two media, fractures and
blocks. Through vertical integration, two coupled partial differential equations for the DNAPL content in each medium are
obtained. The mass exchange rate between high- and low-permeability media is considered as a function of NAPL content. The
dominant effect is gravity, whereas capillary forces are negligible. Analytical solutions for one-dimensional and axisymmetric
problems of mound spreading are obtained. 相似文献
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Strain analysis of a shear zone in a granodiorite 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
A ductile shear zone in a late Precambrian granodiorite, from the Rouergue (southwest part of the French Massif Central) has been studied.A single episode of deformation is responsible for the formation of a foliation and a well-defined lineation which are localized into an elongated zone, a few decimeters wide.The strain features can be attributed to a simple-shear mechanism (Ramsay and Graham, 1970), so that the main parameters of the deformation are defined.At stages of increasing deformation, the quartz isotropic sub-fabric of the undeformed host rock is progressively transformed into an anisotropic fabric composed of a single oblique girdle while the subgrain size progressively decrease and the dislocation density remains constant. It is suggested that the gliding planes of quartz are the basal plane (0001) and a predominant prismatic plane 101̄0 the slip directions may be a for both glide-planes.The results obtained in this investigation provide a basis for a high voltage electron microscope (H.V.E.M.) study which shows that the fabrics development may be related to dislocation processes. The difference of strain rates in the host rock and in the shear zone is calculated from the dislocation microstructures. 相似文献
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Chess-board (“tiled”) microcline crystals from a nepheline-bearing syenite from Ilimaussaq, W. Greenland, were investigated using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and were found to consist of a mosaic of slightly misoriented domains, which bear no obvious relationship to the optical microstructure. Part of the misorientation of most pairs of neighbouring domains involves a small rotation about c. However, some are related to adjacent domains by the albite twin law, the pericline law, or diagonal association. This microcline could have crystallized with triclinic symmetry which could account for the differences between the microstructure of this microcline and M-twinned microcline. Metasomatism may explain both the optical microscope and TEM scale structures of this microcline. Examination of the electron diffraction patterns of areas of microcline which contain both diagonally associated and twinned domains draw attention to the fact that each of the few orientations in an M-twinned crystal is related to one of the other orientations by diagonal association. The formation of common cross-hatch twinned microstructures are discussed with reference to diagonal association. 相似文献
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The current study is aimed at the behaviour right upto collapse of a retaining wall embedded in overconsolidated clay. It is found that the excess pore pressures generated due to the excavation are fairly well simulated. The rupture lines on the passive side in the centrifuge model test were closely matched by two lines along which the stress state was reaching the critical state in the analysis. The displacements on the active side were not well matched especially the vertical settlements near to the wall. The bending moments were significantly overpredicted. The prop force due to excavation was also overpredicted. This is to be expected because the prop was modelled as rigid in the analysis. 相似文献