共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 109 毫秒
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概述了生物矿物学的内容和意义;划分了早期启蒙、造骨矿物、生物矿化作用和生物矿物四个发展阶段,介绍了各个阶段的著名代表性文献、生物矿化理论、国际会议、研究方法和研究中心;指出生物矿物学发展趋势由碳酸盐和磷酸盐到氧化物和硫化物,由生物矿物外部特征到内部特征,由高级生矿体到低级生矿体,由动物到植物和微生物,由鉴定结构和矿物到探讨矿化机理和过程。最后提出在分析、成因、结晶、化石、造岩(矿)、生理、医药、环境和材料等方面的生物矿物学发展方向。 相似文献
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从生物矿化作用衍生出的有机矿化作用：地球生物学框架下重要的研究主题 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
早期"生物矿化作用"的概念,被定义为生物形成矿物的作用,并进一步分为生物控制和生物诱导两大类型。这个宽泛的概念,被修订为生物以生命活型(living form)影响矿物物质的沉淀作用;相应地,"生物矿物"是在严格的生物控制下、从局部环境中选择性地吸收元素并融合成具有生物功能构造的矿物。"有机矿化作用",则被定义为"与那些无生命活力的有机物质相关联的矿物形成作用"。与生物矿化作用相对应,有机矿化作用的产物被定义为"有机矿物",用来指那些通过有机聚合物、生物的和(或)非生物的有机化合物所导致的矿物沉淀作用,但是,有机矿物并非活着的细胞所直接形成。有机矿物与生物矿物的重要区别是,有机矿物没有被融合成受到生物严格控制的功能性构造。生物学家和化学家将生物矿化作用作为关注"生命体系中复杂的化学过程"的研究主题,超越了地质学范畴并使生物矿化作用的研究成为多学科关注的迷人领域,也大大促进了有机矿化作用的研究;考虑到有机矿物是沉积岩的重要组成,而且与生物的出现同步,还是潜在性的地外生命的遗迹,因此,从生物矿化作用衍生出的有机矿化作用的研究,自然就成为与生物矿化作用存在紧密关联的、地球生物学框架下又一个重要的研究主题 相似文献
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生物矿物材料及仿生材料工程 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
生物通过有机模板的作用，使无机晶体的结晶成核、形貌和晶体学定向受到严格的控制，从而形成性能优异的有机－无机复合材料（如骨和珍珠层）或纳米晶体材料（如趋磁细菌中的磁小体）等。通过对生物矿化的研究，认识到有机分子可以改变无机晶休的生长形貌和结构，因而提供了强大的工具用来设计和制造新的材料。目前已成功仿生合成了纳米晶体材料、仿生薄膜及薄膜涂层材料、中孔分子筛材料等。 相似文献
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纳米矿物作为连接原子/分子和块体矿物材料的桥梁,在建立矿物微观反应机制和宏观现象的研究中具有重要的意义.随着纳米地质学的迅速发展,纳米矿物在地表环境中的分布、存在形式及其反应活性引起了越来越多关注.综述了天然环境中常见的纳米矿物的成因、存在方式、特殊的尺寸效应、团聚行为、生物/非生物界面反应的分子机制,及其对地表环境和元素生物地球化学循环的影响;着重介绍了具有重要环境意义的纳米矿物与其对应的大尺寸矿物颗粒在吸附行为、溶解速率、团聚状态、催化活性、界面电子传递效率等方面的差异.对于纳米矿物与其对应的宏观矿物晶体之间差异的研究,有助于全面认识矿物对各种地质过程的作用,对于推动地球科学向更加微观和深入的方向发展具有极其重要的意义. 相似文献
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《矿物岩石地球化学通报》2016,(1)
纳米科技是研究0.1~100nm粒级范围内物质特性的科学,纳米颗粒处于纳米尺度,具有表面与界面效应、小尺寸效应、宏观量子隧道效应和量子尺寸效应等特殊的物化性质。纳米科技涉及地球科学的诸多领域,并在矿物学、岩石学、地球化学、构造地质学、能源地质学和矿床学等领域取得了重要进展。本文在总结、归纳前人的研究并结合作者最新研究结果的基础上,进一步提出了纳米地质学的概念:以纳米科学与地球科学为依托,以纳米技术与地学研究方法为手段,以固体地球物质为研究对象,对各种地质体中已知或有待探知的纳米颗粒和纳米孔隙进行深入研究,从而揭示地质过程中纳米效应与地质现象的关系及其规律的科学;系统地分析了纳米科技与地质学结合产生的各分支学科:纳米矿物学、纳米岩石学、纳米地球化学、纳米构造地质学、纳米能源地质学、纳米矿床学、纳米地震地质学和纳米环境地质学等;全面阐述了纳米地质学及纳米成藏成矿领域重大和前沿科学问题,并探讨了其发展趋势,由此指出,纳米地质学的兴起和发展将必然带来地学领域革命性的挑战。 相似文献
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至少一维尺度上小于100 nm的颗粒物均称为纳米颗粒物,在人工纳米颗粒物产生的几十亿年前,地球已经通过其特有的生物地球化学过程合成各类天然纳米颗粒物.这些纳米颗粒物及其次生产物具有独特的理化特性,并参与各种地球化学过程,体现其非凡的地球化学意义.从地球化学的角度,解析了环境纳米颗粒物的定义和分类,重点阐述了风化壳与水体中天然和次生纳米颗粒物的形成,并在天然纳米颗粒物中区分了纳米矿物和矿物纳米颗粒物;同时,也讨论了大气纳米颗粒物的来源、成因与环境影响.该综述列举了目前环境中纳米颗粒物表征与鉴别的技术和方法,重点剖析了纳米颗粒物的地球化学功能和环境意义,并对该领域的研究前沿问题进行了概述. 相似文献
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生物岩石学是研究生物岩（即生物成因岩石）的特征、形成机制、形成环境及其与矿产资源关系的一门新兴交叉学科,其研究内容至少包括生物矿化、现代生物礁、古代生物礁、现代微生物岩石和古代微生物岩石5个方面。生物矿化作用和现代生物岩研究为古代生物岩研究提供了认识基础。由于现代生物圈和环境不同于古代,现代生物矿化作用和生物岩的研究成果并不能全部直接应用于古代生物岩研究。古代生物岩和生物矿化作用的类型比现代丰富得多,不可能全部从现代生物岩和生物矿化作用中找到参照,但可以为现代生物矿化实验研究提供设计思路。生物岩石学的相关学科包括生物学、微生物学、古生物学、古微生物学、沉积学、沉积岩石学、矿物学、地球化学、地质微生物学等。生物岩石学研究需要应用这些学科的知识,也会反哺这些学科。 相似文献
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Zn3(PhCH=CHCOO)6(phen)2.H2O晶体具有与锰氧化物及锰氢氧化物类似的微结构,在生成环境与晶体化学微结构方面有明显的环境属性,是一种新生环境矿物.为研究其纳米晶结构、最佳纳米尺度和环境矿物属性,在溶液法合成该配合物晶体的基础上,采用纳米晶参数计算方法,对该配合物纳米级微粒的晶胞数、原子数、表面原子数和表面活性随微粒在纳米尺度范围内的变化进行了计算,对比锰氢氧化物结构,发现该配合物晶体活性、表面效应与颗粒尺度有密切关系,内部结构具有鲜明的环境属性.结合晶体颗粒的比表面积与总原子数相对颗粒尺度的变化关系,理论上确定了该颗粒最佳纳米化尺度为138nm,为此类物质纳米晶在环境方面的研究应用奠定了基础. 相似文献
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Maria Nesterova John Moreau Jillian F Banfield 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》2003,67(6):1185-1195
We studied biomimetic mineralization of self-assembling polymer matrices in order to develop a model for biomineralization of iron oxides in nature. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), rheology, and fluorescence probe analyses show self-assembly of acidic polysaccharide alginic acid (Alg) to form fibrils in dilute solutions. The resulting Alg fibrils are subsequently mineralized by FeOOH in a biomimetically controlled process. Experiments were conducted in pH 9.2 solutions containing millimolar concentrations of iron at 38°C. The unperturbed state of the hybrid mineral-organic structures was studied by characterization of samples of interfacial films collected from an inorganic-organic interface. Progress of mineralization over a 4-week period was followed by HRTEM, energy-dispersive X-ray analysis, and selected area electron diffraction. Morphologies of hybrid structures determined by HRTEM, X-ray powder diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray analysis, and selected area electron diffraction suggest formation of iron (III) oxyhydroxide phases and their assembly through a variety of mechanisms, possibly occurring simultaneously. An initial step involves precipitation of nanometer-scale amorphous particles and two-line ferrihydrite in bulk solution. Some nanoparticles assemble into chains that recrystallize to form akaganeite (β-FeOOH), presumably via a solid-state transformation pathway. Small organic molecules may mediate this process by stabilizing the akaganeite structure and controlling particle assembly. Ferrihydrite particles also bind to acidic polysaccharide fibrils and are transformed to ordered arrays of akaganeite. The parallel orientation of adjacent akaganeite nanocrystals may be inherited from the orientation of precursor ferrihydrite, possibly conferred during attachment of ferrihydrite to the polyacid fibrils. Alternatively, particle-particle interactions may induce orientation, leading to recrystallization. Subsequently, akaganeite is transformed to goethite that is characterized by nanoscale porosity and fine-scale twinning on {021}. Dislocation, twin, and nanopore microstructures are consistent with coarsening by nanoparticle assembly, possibly templated by the substrate. Nanoparticle assembly to generate biomimetic hybrid materials may be relevant to formation of complex natural biominerals in natural systems where mineral nanoparticles, small organic molecules, and more complex polymers coexist. 相似文献
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Iron biominerals can form in neutral pH microaerophilic environments where microbes both catalyze iron oxidation and create polymers that localize mineral precipitation. In order to classify the microbial polymers that influence FeOOH mineralogy, we studied the organic and mineral components of biominerals using scanning transmission X-ray microscopy (STXM), micro X-ray fluorescence (μXRF) microscopy, and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). We focused on iron microbial mat samples from a creek and abandoned mine; these samples are dominated by iron oxyhydroxide-coated structures with sheath, stalk, and filament morphologies. In addition, we characterized the mineralized products of an iron-oxidizing, stalk-forming bacterial culture isolated from the mine. In both natural and cultured samples, microbial polymers were found to be acidic polysaccharides with carboxyl functional groups, strongly spatially correlated with iron oxyhydroxide distribution patterns. Organic fibrils collect FeOOH and control its recrystallization, in some cases resulting in oriented crystals with high aspect ratios. The impact of polymers is particularly pronounced as the materials age. Synthesis experiments designed to mimic the biomineralization processes show that the polysaccharide carboxyl groups bind dissolved iron strongly but release it as mineralization proceeds. Our results suggest that carboxyl groups of acidic polysaccharides are produced by different microorganisms to create a wide range of iron oxyhydroxide biomineral structures. The intimate and potentially long-term association controls the crystal growth, phase, and reactivity of iron oxyhydroxide nanoparticles in natural systems. 相似文献
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环境与生命矿物学的科学内涵与研究方法 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
环境与生命矿物学是矿物学、环境科学与生命科学之间的交叉学科,是成因矿物学在生命领域的拓展和延伸,是地球系统科学的重要组成部分。生命起源的矿物表征和矿物作用;极端环境下的生物多样性及生物与矿物的关系;生物体的矿物组成、作用、宏微观形貌和自组装结构;生命矿物成核、生长和自组装过程的有机质调控及其响应环境变化的标型特征;生物矿化的过程、机理及其资源环境效应;矿物(含药用矿物)在生命活动中的作用、过程与机理及其开发利用,是环境与生命矿物学的主要研究内容。生命矿物有其自身的特点,选择用于环境及其变迁研究的生命矿物时,应遵循"贯通性"、"灵敏性"、"统计性"和"周期性"等四原则。根据生命矿物进行环境分析研究时,要注意甄别影响矿物学特征变化的环境要素;既要善于利用较便捷成熟的成因矿物学研究手段和方法(如热发光,简称TL),还要充分利用其他学科中的技术(如计算体层摄影术,简称CT),创造性地开发生命矿物学的环境标型。 相似文献
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以南方早古生代海相页岩和华北石炭-二叠纪陆相（包括海陆交互相）页岩为研究对象,以场发射扫描电镜微观观测和相关物化测试结果为基础资料,重点对页岩的矿物成因、显微组分、有机质孔隙、岩石力学性质等进行对比性研究。结果表明:海相页岩与陆相页岩有异有同;海相页岩的基本特征是自生矿物多于陆源碎屑,自生石英含量丰富且与有机质同源分异,交互共生,显微组分是以低等生物为原始质料的沥青质体,且纳米级孔隙发育较好;陆相页岩的基本特征是陆源碎屑和泥质为主,自生矿物含量少,显微组分主要是以高等植物为原始质料的各种有机碎屑体,有机质纳米孔隙不发育。这些基本特征导致海相页岩和陆相页岩的生烃潜力、储层物性、岩石可压裂性等均有明显差异,页岩气资源评价与勘探开发需要区别对待。 相似文献
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《China Geology》2018,1(2):286-303
Nanogeology is a subject that is a combination of geology and nanoscale science, and it has been a frontier field in recent years. It is also a new subject with the features of intersectionality and multidisciplinary. Digging deeper into geological problems and nanoscale phenomena helps better revealing the more essential mechanisms and processes in geological science, which is also an evitable path in the development of geology. In this paper, we elaborate the concept, feature and main subdisciplines, and summarize three stages of nanogeology development from preliminary research in the 1990s to subject formation in China. After summarizing the researchers’ achievements in this field, we illustrate some primary research progresses of nanogeology in China as eight subdisciplines. On the basis of the above content, we propose the development prospect of nanogeology in China. There are many geologic problems with scientific values and economic benefits, such as research of geologic fundamental problems, resource exploration and development, mechanism study and prediction of geological activities (disasters), mechanism research and management of environmental pollution and others. Nanogeology has a great potential in China to solve all of these problems. As a result, the theories and methods of nanogeology will become enriching and advanced. It offers important theoretical basis and technological methods to deal with major issues concerning the national economy and the people’s livelihoods, such as the prediction of geological activities, as well as resource distribution and its exploration and utilization. 相似文献
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L. M. Pavlova V. I. Radomskaya L. P. Shumilova A. M. Ionov P. Sorokin 《Doklady Earth Sciences》2017,473(2):457-460
The mechanism of platinum biomineralization by microscopic fungi is displayed based on data of electron microscopy, infrared and X-ray photoelectronic spectroscopy. It was suggested the platinum sorption process by microscopic fungi has some stages. The initial interaction is carried out by the mechanisms of physical and chemical sorption. Hereafter the reduction process of adsorbed platinum ions up to zero state is performed, probably, for account of organic compounds, which are produced by fungi biomass as metabolism result, and the process terminates by nulvalent particles aggregating up to nanosize forms. Obtained data on the platinum biomineralization extends the concept concerning the character of forming platinum nanoparticles in carbonous paleobasin. 相似文献
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Michael F Hochella Jr 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》2002,66(5):735-743
Nanoscience is a relatively new field of research that primarily involves the discovery and exploration of the properties of matter in the size range of roughly one to 100 nanometers, the so-called nanoscale. Mechanical, electrical, thermodynamic, and other types of properties are strongly modified as the physical dimensions of a material enters the nanoscale, and researchers in the field are just beginning to catalog and understand these property modifications in this fuzzy area between the classical (bulk) and quantum domains. It is also becoming more and more apparent that many earth materials exist in the nanodomain as minute particles or thin films, especially in low-temperature environments, but also in mid- to high temperature environments. As examples, this article describes how nanoscience has started to be applied to mineral weathering, mineral-bacteria interaction, and metal transport in acid mine drainage systems, but this is only the beginning. The future directions of nanoscience in geochemistry will include a determination of the identity, distribution, and properties of nanosized particles in aqueous and soil systems, thin films in both low and high temperature systems, and nanosized features on mineral surfaces. 相似文献
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我国藻菌生物成因的金矿研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
生物成矿作用分为生物直接成矿作用和生物间接成矿作用,生物直接成矿作用的标志结构为生物有机胶体结构。生物间接成矿作用的标志结构为“矿交代生物”结构,我国陕西二台子－半仓沟金矿,四川东北寨金矿、川甘拉尔玛金矿和云南金厂金矿等均为典型为实例,矿石中普遍含有多种金属矿物生物结构,还含多种生物有机组分。成矿物质具有多源性特征,硫同位素具混合型特征,矿床成型机制可与“人工碳吸附系统”聚金机制相类比,含金层位可 相似文献