共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Dorothy J. Vesper Rachel V. Grand Kristen Ward Joseph J. Donovan 《Environmental Geology》2009,58(3):667-678
The distribution and chemistry of the springs in the Tuscarora Creek watershed is controlled by both geologic structure and
karst dissolution. The watershed is located in eastern West Virginia in the structurally complex Great Valley of the Appalachian
Valley and Ridge province. The upper portion of the stream parallels strike along a mapped fault zone and is bordered by clastic
rocks that comprise North Mountain. The lower reaches of the stream flow cross-strike through Cambro-Ordovician carbonates.
The controlling chemical signature in the spring water is carbonate dissolution. Little evidence was seen for the recharge
from adjacent clastic rocks although differences in the Ca/Mg molar ratio between springs indicated the presence of localized
spring basins in headwater reaches. Na, Cl and Ca generally increased from upstream to downstream in the cross-strike reaches.
Comparison of stream and cumulative spring discharge was consistent with significant groundwater base-flow contribution directly
to the creek, particularly in the strike-parallel region. The largest spring in the watershed (>162 L/s) was sampled during
and after a large storm event along with the adjacent creek. The creek displayed a typical dilution response with each flood
pulse, whereas the spring had only a limited or delayed response. The overall chemical and thermal stability of the spring,
relative to the creek, indicated the lack of significant direct hydraulic connection between the two. The conceptual model
for the area includes localized flowpaths in the headwater region where the stream flow is parallel to strike and a thrust
fault. In addition to the shallow localized flowpaths, a deeper, more regional flowpath likely exists for a large spring further
downstream. 相似文献
2.
3.
Variation in nitrate and calcium as indicators of recharge pathways in Nolte Spring, PA 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
This study documents variations in calcium and nitrate concentrations that suggest changes in recharge pathways in a karst
spring. The nitrate concentrations increased at the end of the growing season, showing the importance of the soil zone in
the recharge pathway. The increase occurred over just a few days, which may be indicative of a change in contribution of baseflow
in different seasons from deep to shallow groundwater. The calcium concentrations decreased several days after storm events.
A change in the carbonate equilibrium is hypothesized because chloride was not diluted during these events. The decrease in
calcium could be due to outgassing and calcite precipitation in the recharge area when older, higher ionic strength matrix
water mixes with stormwater in open conduits. The use of geochemical indicators to better understand recharge pathways benefited
from long-term monitoring and periods of daily sampling. 相似文献
4.
Temperature, discharge, and stable isotope ratios of five karst springs in a mountainous area of Zigui County, Hubei Province, Central China, were analyzed. The purpose was to illustrate the heat exchanges linked to circulation depth in the exposed karst water systems through the development of a method for estimating heat input and heat flux during a rainstorm. Meteorological water in the study area conformed to a local meteoric water line (δD?=?8.37 δ18O?+?12.99) with a mean δ18O elevation gradient of ?4.0‰ km?1, which was used to estimate mean circulation depths of 209–686 m. The mean spring temperatures defined a vertical gradient of ?5.4 °C km?1, which resembled that of the stable atmosphere of the Earth, indicating that the thermal response patterns are mainly controlled by surface air temperature. Thermal convection after rainfall events dominated heat exchange between baseflow and recharge water, leading to a warmer and colder recharge during summer and winter, respectively, whereas thermal conduction dominated the heat exchange only between groundwater, surrounding geology, and the interface air under a condition of no rainfall, resulting in only small temperature variations of the baseflow. Successful application of the method for estimating heat exchange showed that the characteristics of shallow circulation, strong karstification, and well-developed epikarst readily allowed disruption of the thermal balance of the Yuquandong system, resulting in a poor heat regulation capacity, a larger variation of heat input, a lower mean heat flux, and lower baseflow temperatures compared to those of the Dayuquan system.
相似文献5.
Nataša Ravbar Juan Antonio Barberá Metka Petrič Janja Kogovšek Bartolomé Andreo 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2012,65(8):2259-2272
In this study a multi-tracer test with fluorescent tracers was combined with time series analyses of natural tracers to characterize
the dynamics of the solute transport through different recharge pathways and to study hydraulic behaviour of a binary karst
system under low-flow conditions. Fluorescent tracer testing included the introduction of uranine, amidorhodamine G, or naphthionate
at three injection points. Sampling and monitoring took place at two karst springs (Malenščica, Unica) and at two underground
rivers (Pivka, Rak) recharging the Unica River at the Polje of Planina, SW Slovenia. Other monitored parameters included precipitation,
spring or underground river discharge, water temperature, and electrical conductivity. Water samples were collected and analyzed
for total organic carbon, Mg2+, SO4
2−, and NO3
− in the laboratory. In the study area, results of the tracer test suggest that contaminant transport in karst may be retarded
for several weeks during low-flow conditions followed by increases in contaminant concentrations after subsequent rainfall
events. Based on interpretation of tracer concentration breakthrough curves, low apparent dominant flow velocities (i.e.,
between 5.8 and 22.8 m/h through the well developed karst conduits, and 3.6 m/h through the prevailing vadose zone with a
dominant influence of a diffuse recharge) were obtained. Together with analyses of hydro-chemographs the artificial tracing
identified different origins of water recharging the studied aquifer. During prolonged low-water conditions the Malenščica
spring is mainly recharged from the karst aquifer and the Unica spring by the sinking Pivka River. After more intensive rainfall
events allogenic recharge from Cerknica prevails in the Malenščica spring, while the Unica spring drains mainly the allogenic
water from the Pivka Valley. These findings of alternating hydraulic connections and drainage areas due to respective hydrological
conditions are important and should be considered when monitoring water quality, implementing groundwater protection measures,
and optimizing future water exploitation. 相似文献
6.
Characterization of karst conduits by tracer tests for an artificial recharge scheme 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Challenged by rapidly changing climate in combination with an increase in anthropogenic pressures, karst groundwater resources in the Old Town of Lijiang (OTLJ), SW China, are diminishing. Higher frequency and longer duration of dried-up periods have been observed at the Heilongtan Park (HP) Springs in recent years. Thus, there is an urgent need for an artificial recharge scheme, aimed at replenishing groundwater in the aquifer and increasing the outflow of the springs to ensure effective water resources management. Evaluation of the scheme feasibility, prior to its implementation, is important. In this study, tracer tests were conducted between the recharge area and receiving springs in order to gain insight into the transport mechanisms of karst groundwater and the structural characteristics of the aquifer. Multiple underground flow paths, exhibiting high conductivity between the recharge area and HP Springs, were revealed by the interpretation of tracer breakthrough curves. Three springs considered as the leakages of the scheme were identified. Moreover, the outflow of springs at HP and OTLJ were predicted to be increased by the artificially recharged water after 9.2 and 12.5 days, respectively. Quantitative analysis of tracer recoveries demonstrates that the springs to be recharged and the springs considered as leakages, respectively, share 45 and 55% of the increased outflow. The feasibility of the scheme has been confirmed by the tracer tests. This report provides references for the evaluation of artificial groundwater recharge and protection strategies, particularly in large and poorly investigated karst spring fields.
相似文献7.
Thomas M. Reed Alan E. Fryar Gail M. Brion James W. Ward 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2011,64(1):47-55
Because of their architecture, karst aquifers are susceptible to contamination by fecal-derived pathogens. Previous studies
have examined the behavior of bacterial indicators such as total coliforms (TC) and fecal coliforms (FC) in karst aquifers,
but simple techniques for discriminating between human and non-human inputs are still needed. This study examines concentrations
of TC, FC, atypical colonies (AC, which grow on the same media as TC), male-specific coliphage virus (MSP, an indicator of
human feces), and nitrate at two springs in the Inner Bluegrass region of Kentucky (USA). Blue Hole Spring primarily drains
the city of Versailles, whereas spring SP-2 drains pasture. Baseflow was monitored, usually biweekly, from December 2002 to
March 2004, while storm flow was monitored in September 2003 and March 2004. At each spring, bacterial concentrations were
highest in storm flow and lowest in “normal” baseflow (for which 72-h antecedent precipitation was negligible). Concentrations
in baseflow tended to be highest during late spring and summer and lowest during autumn and winter. FC concentrations exceeded
regulatory (contact) standards in storm-flow samples. For both storm flow and baseflow, AC concentrations were greater than
TC, which in turn were greater than FC. Median AC and TC concentrations were greater in baseflow at Blue Hole than at SP-2.
MSP was detected in most samples from Blue Hole but never at SP-2. The AC/TC ratio was typically <15 except for normal baseflow
samples at Blue Hole, which is probably impacted by leakage from sanitary sewers, as suggested by MSP and nitrate results.
Mobilization of sessile bacteria appears to reduce the AC/TC ratio during storm flow. Consequently, this ratio shows promise
as a screening tool to identify sewage inputs in karst groundwater basins under baseflow conditions. 相似文献
8.
The present studies were carried out along the southern Mediterranean coast of Turkey, where most of the karst springs discharge
from highly karstified carbonate rocks. The case-study was applied in the Kaş-Kalkan karst region, considered one of the most
important touristic Mediterranean provinces in southern Turkey. The purpose of this study is to identify the main water resources
of the karst springs in the inland side and the expected groundwater flow paths that may recharge the coastal springs in the
study area. A comparison of the physiochemical properties and isotopic contents of the karst springs along the Kaş-Kalkan
coastline is also considered an important tool for identifying the hydrogeological characteristics and responses of the different
units in the study area. Relevant studies were carried out also considering the morphological and structural characteristics
of these karst springs and changes in their discharge amounts during the dry and wet periods.
Received: 20 August 1997 · Accepted: 2 December 1997 相似文献
9.
Gold Valley is typical of intermountain basins in Death Valley National Park (DVNP), California (USA). Using water-balance calculations, a GIS-based analytical model has been developed to estimate precipitational infiltration rates from catchment-scale topographic data (elevation and slope). The calculations indicate that groundwater recharge mainly takes place at high elevations (>1,100?m) during winter (average 1.78?mm/yr). A resistivity survey suggests that groundwater accumulates in upstream compartmentalized reservoirs and that the groundwater flows through basin fill and fractured bedrock. This explains the relationship between the upstream precipitational infiltration in Gold Valley and the downstream spring flow in Willow Creek. To verify the ability of local recharge to support high-flux springs in DVNP, a GIS-based model was also applied to the Furnace Creek catchment. The results produced insufficient total volume of precipitational infiltration to support flow from the main high-flux springs in DVNP under current climatic conditions. This study introduces a GIS-based infiltration model that can be integrated into the Death Valley regional groundwater flow model to estimate precipitational infiltration recharge. In addition, the GIS-based model can efficiently estimate local precipitational infiltration in similar intermountain basins in arid regions provided that the validity of the model is verified. 相似文献
10.
Gloria Eneke Takem Dornadula Chandrasekharam Samuel N. Ayonghe P. Thambidurai 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2010,61(2):287-298
Alluvial groundwater from springs and bore wells, used as the major source of water for drinking and other domestic purposes
in the semi-urban informal settlements of Douala, Cameroon, has been studied. Six representative springs, four bore wells
and two hand dug wells, situated in the Phanerozoic basin were selected, from which a total of 72 water samples were analyzed
for chemical characteristics and indicators of bacterial contamination. The results showed anthropogenic pollution, evident
from high concentrations of organic (up to 94.3 mg NO3/l nitrate) fecal coliform and fecal streptococcus detected in the springs and bore wells (with values of 2,311 and 1,500 cfu/100 ml,
respectively). The pH ranged from 3.4–6.5, which is lower than the guidelines for drinking water. Groundwater samples from
background upstream inland natural areas W1 and W2 had low electrical conductivity (54.2 and 74.8 μs/cm, respectively) and
major ions, which increased downstream in the valleys, peaking in the more densely settled areas. An acceptable concentration
of solutes was observed for the bore wells except for a single sample from B4. The bore-well sample B4 registered the highest
microbial content (2,130 cfu/100 ml) and nitrate level(26 mg/l), which could be due to the bottom of this well lying just
at or close to the zone of mixing between sewage and groundwater. The absence of a direct correlation between nitrate and
fecal matter suggests multiple sources of contamination. The shallow alluvial aquifer consists of unconsolidated deposits
of gravel, sand, silt and clay. The springs, therefore, receive direct recharge from the ground surface with limited contaminant
attenuation, which leads to water quality deterioration, especially during the rainy season. This shows the urgent need to
put basic service infrastructures in place. The local population should be sensitized to the importance of chlorinating and
boiling drinking water to prevent health hazards. 相似文献
11.
Characterization of the hydrogeology of the sacred Gihon Spring, Jerusalem: a deteriorating urban karst spring 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The Gihon Spring, Jerusalem, is important for the major monotheistic religions. Its hydrogeology and hydrochemistry is studied here in order to understand urbanization effects on karst groundwater resources, and promote better water management. High-resolution monitoring of the spring discharge, temperature and electrical conductivity, was performed, together with chemical and bacterial analysis. All these demonstrate a rapid response of the spring to rainfall events and human impact. A complex karst system is inferred, including conduit flow, fissure flow and diffuse flow. Electrical conductivity, Na+ and K+ values (2.0 mS/cm, 130 and 50 mg/l respectively) are very high compared to other nearby springs located at the town margins (0.6 mS/cm, 15 and <1 mg/l respectively), indicating considerable urban pollution in the Gihon area. The previously cited pulsating nature of the spring was not detected during the present high-resolution monitoring. This phenomenon may have ceased due to additional water sources from urban leakage and irrigation feeding the spring. The urbanization of the recharge catchment thus affects the spring water dramatically, both chemically and hydrologically. Appropriate measures should therefore be undertaken to protect the Gihon Spring and other karst aquifers threatened by rapid urbanization. 相似文献
12.
Assessing the groundwater recharge potential zone and differentiation of the spring catchment area are extremely important to effective management of groundwater systems and protection of water quality. The study area is located in the Saldoran karstic region, western Iran. It is characterized by a high rate of precipitation and recharge via highly permeable fractured karstic formations. Pire-Ghar, Sarabe-Babaheydar and Baghe-rostam are three major karstic springs which drain the Saldoran anticline. The mean discharge rate and electrical conductivity values for these springs were 3, 1.9 and 0.98 m3/s, and 475, 438 and 347 μS/cm, respectively. Geology, hydrogeology and geographical information system (GIS) methods were used to define the catchment areas of the major karstic springs and to map recharge zones in the Saldoran anticline. Seven major influencing factors on groundwater recharge rates (lithology, slope value and aspect, drainage, precipitation, fracture density and karstic domains) were integrated using GIS. Geology maps and field verification were used to determine the weights of factors. The final map was produced to reveal major zones of recharge potential. More than 80 % of the study area is terrain that has a recharge rate of 55–70 % (average 63 %). Evaluating the water budget of Saldoran Mountain showed that the total volume of karst water emerging from the Saldoran karst springs is equal to the total annual recharge on the anticline. Therefore, based on the geological and hydrogeological investigations, the catchment area of the mentioned karst springs includes the whole Saldoran anticline. 相似文献
13.
Residence time distribution in the Kirkgoz karst springs (Antalya-Turkey) as a tool for contamination vulnerability assessment 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
N. Nur Ozyurt 《Environmental Geology》2008,53(7):1571-1583
Lumped parameter modeling of environmental tracer (tritium, CFCs and tritiogenic helium-3) transport in the Kirkgoz karst
springs (Antalya-Turkey) appears to be a useful tool for assessing the vulnerability to contamination. Based on tritium observations
between 1963 and 2000, the springs revealed a mean residence time (MRT) of 120 years. This suggests an active transport volume
of 71 billion cubic meters for the aquifer, a value that is coherent with the estimated void volume of karst aquifer based
on the mass of associated travertine deposits. The CFC-11 and CFC-12 MRTs are in agreement with tritium-based MRT, after correcting
for excess air effect. Excess crustal and mantle helium flux hindered the use of tritiogenic helium-3 as a potential tracer.
The residence time distribution (RTD) indicates a groundwater transport system that is fed by recharges extending back to
past several hundred years. This wide RTD suggests that any recent contamination that may have entered the system could progress
slowly within the entire aquifer but would be unnoticed in the early period because of the dilution effect of uncontaminated
past recharge waters. Once the contamination is recognized, it may last for many centuries ahead even if the contamination
practice is stopped. Thus, control of contaminant release to aquifer and monitoring of contaminant level in Kirkgoz springs
is an immediate task for the associated public health authorities. 相似文献
14.
沉积物和悬浮颗粒物在岩溶水系统污染物衰减与运移中的作用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文讨论了沉积物和悬浮颗粒物/胶体在岩溶水系统污染物衰减与运移中的作用,介绍了关于瑞士某岩溶水系统内颗粒物与微生物污染间关系的实验结果。该实验场包括一个接纳农田排水的落水洞及与其相连的两个泉,其中一个泉是供水水源地。利用便携式粒子计实时监测泉水中颗粒分布的变化情况,同时对浊度、总有机碳和其它参数进行连续监测;并对水中E型大肠菌群进行了分析。在暴雨过后,观测到了浊度的两种不同表现:即泉排泄量增加时,浊度最初表现为脉状水动力条件下岩溶系统内沉积物的二次运移;几天后观测到的浊度则表明水已从落水洞到了泉口,常常具有高的总有机碳、硝酸盐及E型大肠菌群。颗粒分布分析结果差异更大:早期的浊度是不同粒径颗粒物的混合,而后期的浊度更多是由较细颗粒构成,因为大颗粒物已沉积在落水洞到泉口之间的岩溶系统内。E型大肠菌群与0.9～1.5 μm颗粒物之间具有很好的相关性。因而较细颗粒的相对增加可应用于微生物污染 “早期预报系统”。除了水污染,颗粒分还可以帮助我们研究岩溶环境的其它问题,如土壤侵蚀。 相似文献
15.
Wilson Yetoh Fantong Hiroshi Satake Festus T. Aka Samuel N. Ayonghe Kazuyoshi Asai Ajit K. Mandal Andrew A. Ako 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2010,60(1):107-120
Unplanned exploitation of groundwater constitutes emerging water-related threats to MayoTsanaga River Basin. Shallow groundwater
from crystalline and detrital sediment aquifers, together with rain, dams, springs, and rivers were chemically and isotopically
investigated to appraise its evolution, recharge source and mechanisms, flow direction, and age which were used to evaluate
the groundwater susceptibility to contamination and the basin’s stage of salinization. The groundwater which is Ca–Na–HCO3 type is a chemically evolved equivalent of surface waters and rain water with Ca–Mg–Cl–SO4 chemistry. The monsoon rain recharged the groundwater preferentially at an average rate of 74 mm/year, while surface waters
recharge upon evaporation. Altitude effect of rain and springs show a similar variation of −0.4‰ for δ18O/100 m, but the springs which were recharged at 452, 679, and 773 m asl show enrichment of δ18O through evaporation by 0.8‰ corresponding to 3% of water loss during recharge. The groundwater which shows both local and
regional flow regimes gets older towards the basins` margin with coeval enrichment in F− and depletion in NO3
−. Incidentally, younger groundwaters are susceptible to anthropogenic contamination and older groundwaters are sinks of lithologenic
fluoride. The basins salinization is still at an early stage. 相似文献
16.
岩溶水系统的水化学曲线及其在水文地质研究中的应用 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
为了认识水文地质条件与岩溶泉水化学之间的关系,以西南地区的6个典型岩溶水系统丫吉试验场S31号泉、毛村地下河、官村地下河、陈旗岩溶泉、青木关地下河以及金佛山水房泉为例进行研究。通过对比发现,在这些强烈非均质的山区裸露型岩溶水系统中,仪器能够实现自动化监测的电导率、温度和pH值等指标的水化学曲线存在差异。分析可知控制水化学变化的主要因素如下:首先是降雨补给引起系统的水量与碳酸盐岩溶解过程的变化;其次是CO2气体随降雨进入含水层,促进碳酸盐岩的溶解;最后是地表污染物的淋滤。当电导率、水温、pH曲线出现降低和碳酸盐岩矿物饱和指数下降时,反映的是岩溶水的稀释作用;当电导率曲线出现高峰时,反映的是岩溶水补给的CO2效应,此时水中二氧化碳分压(pCO2)升高;当场雨中水化学曲线的变化滞后于水文动态曲线时,反映的是岩溶管道的活塞流效应;与人类活动有关的NO3-等污染物质量浓度在降雨后出现高峰,反映土壤的降雨淋滤作用,并可能影响电导率的变化趋势。某个系统的水化学曲线趋向于经常出现某几种效应,并且彼此的类型不同,表明了降雨补给的面状渗流方式和集中灌入方式对岩溶水影响的强弱不同,以及系统在径流方式和调蓄机制上的差异。一般而言:以面状补给方式为主的系统,水化学曲线多表现为CO2效应,较少出现稀释作用;而岩溶发育强烈的系统,降雨补给受控于溶蚀裂隙和管道,其水化学曲线较多出现稀释作用,较少出现CO2效应;以管道为主要径流方式的系统易出现活塞流效应,而包气带厚度大和含水层储水能力强的系统水化学变化被减弱。 相似文献
17.
济南泉水众多闻名于世,人类活动造成泉水断流。为恢复名泉,多年来一直实施地下水自备井限采、集中开采的水源地禁采、回灌补源等措施,但保泉效果并不明显。根据泉水位观测、示踪试验、水质指标测试、岩溶发育程度分析、数理统计等方法,研究泉水补给来源的混合比例。研究结果表明：泉水位及泉水电导率动态变化特征揭示泉水补给来源存在季节性差异,丰水期泉水以东南方向管道流补给为主,枯水期泉水以西南方向裂隙流补给为主;岩溶水系统排泄区的水位动态与泉水位具有明显的相关性,奥陶系灰岩补给区地下水位与泉水位的相关性高于张夏组岩溶水水位与泉水位的相关性,枯水期在张夏组灰岩含水层进行回灌补源并不能遏制泉水位下降的势态;根据42组水质资料计算,泉水的Ca2+、Mg2+、Cl-、SO2-4、总硬度等常规离子组分含量介于寒武系张夏组岩溶水和奥陶系岩溶水之间,四大泉群流量中,来自于张夏组含水层的补给比例占11%~32%,凤山组-奥陶系含水层的补给比例占24%~60%,历阳湖占5%~10%,兴济河占0~6%,玉符河占1%~8%,市区回灌对五龙潭的流量有重要影响。可见,北方岩溶发育极其不均,泉水动态变化反映出北方岩溶的管道流与裂隙流并存,济南保泉回灌补源地点宜选择在奥陶系灰岩分布区。 相似文献
18.
Mehmet Ekmekci 《Environmental Geology》2005,49(1):19-29
The Kirkgoz karst springs are in the well-developed Taurus karst zone in southern Turkey. Discharge is at an average rate of 15 m3/s. The large Kestel polje is 40 km from the springs and within the recharge area of the system. Utilization of the Kestel polje for agriculture as well as sewage disposal at sinkholes are sources of pollution. Water samples were analyzed for nutrients and some of the pesticides among the persistent organic pollutants. Although nutrient contamination is not critical yet, pesticide concentrations that range between 81 and 9,009 μg/l are above the international guidelines. This is the first record of pesticide contamination in karst systems in Turkey. Pesticides may be useful as tracers. 相似文献
19.
First arrival times from P-wave refraction and reflection seismic surveys along Bear Creek Valley on the Oak Ridge Reservation,
Tennessee, were inverted to produce refraction tomographic velocity images showing seismic velocity variations within thinly
mantled karstic bedrock to a depth of approximately 20 m. Inverted velocities are consistent with two distinct bedrock groups:
the Nolichucky Shale (2,730–5,150 m/s) and Maynardville Limestone (3,940–7,575 m/s). Low-velocity zones (2,700–4,000 m/s)
in the tomographic images correspond to previously inferred cross-valley strike-slip faults; in places, these faults create
permeability barriers that offset or block groundwater flowing along Bear Creek Valley. These faults may also force groundwater
contaminants, such as dense non-aqueous phase liquids, to migrate laterally or downward, spreading contamination throughout
the groundwater system. Other, previously unmapped cross-valley faults may also be visible in the tomographic images. Borehole
logs suggest the low-velocity values are caused by low rigidity fractured and vuggy rock, water zones, cavities and collapse
features. Surface streams, including Bear Creek, tend to lie directly above these low-velocity zones, suggesting fault and
fracture control of surface drainage, in addition to the subsurface flow system. In some cases, fault zones are also associated
with bedrock depressions and thicker accumulations of unconsolidated sediment. 相似文献
20.
Multi-tracer investigation of groundwater residence time in a karstic aquifer: Bitter Lakes National Wildlife Refuge, New Mexico, USA 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Several natural and anthropogenic tracers have been used to evaluate groundwater residence time within a karstic limestone aquifer in southeastern New Mexico, USA. Natural groundwater discharge occurs in the lower Pecos Valley from a region of karst springs, wetlands and sinkhole lakes at Bitter Lakes National Wildlife Refuge, on the northeast margin of the Roswell Artesian Basin. The springs and sinkholes are formed in gypsum bedrock that serves as a leaky confining unit for an artesian aquifer in the underlying San Andres limestone. Because wetlands on the Refuge provide habitat for threatened and endangered species, there is concern about the potential for contamination by anthropogenic activity in the aquifer recharge area. Estimates of the time required for groundwater to travel through the artesian aquifer vary widely because of uncertainties regarding karst conduit flow. A better understanding of groundwater residence time is required to make informed decisions about management of water resources and wildlife habitat at Bitter Lakes. Results indicate that the artesian aquifer contains a significant component of water recharged within the last 10–50 years, combined with pre-modern groundwater originating from deeper underlying aquifers, some of which may be indirectly sourced from the high Sacramento Mountains to the west. 相似文献