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松花江佳木斯段潜水脆弱性评价 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
鉴于松花江流域地下水的重要性和当前污染,运用改进的DRASTIC模型,对松花江佳木斯段5～10 km范围内潜水进行了脆弱性评价。选取净补给量、包气带介质、含水层厚度、地下水水位埋深、土地利用类型、污染源影响和地下水开采模数建成评价指标体系;采用层次分析法确定各指标权重,结合GIS技术实现了脆弱性分区,并将结果与地下水质评价结果进行对比;最后通过敏感度分析讨论了所选指标的合理性。结果表明:地下水脆弱性相对较低和低脆弱区共占研究区面积的82.76%;较高和高的区域仅占8.13%,主要分布在七水厂、江北水源地以及污染强度较大的点源污染周围。地下水埋深、包气带岩性和地下水开采模数是对潜水脆弱性影响最大的因素。评价结果比较真实地反映了松花江佳木斯段潜水脆弱性状况,对城市规划建设和地下水资源的可持续利用具有指导意义。 相似文献
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湖北省钟祥市汉江河谷平原区浅层孔隙水的脆弱性评价 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
以MAPGIS为工作平台,以地下水类型、盖层岩性、地下水埋深为评价指标,利用国际上广泛应用的GOD模型开展了湖北省钟祥市第四系浅层孔隙水的脆弱性评价.研究结果表明:区内浅层孔隙水的脆弱性评分值在0～0.7间,其中极低脆弱性区(评分值=0～0.1)、低脆弱性区(评分值= 0.1～0.3)、中等脆弱性区(评分值=0.3～0.5)、高脆弱性区(评分值=0.5～0.7)和极高脆弱性区(评分值=0.7~10.0)的面积分别占评价区总面积的0.3 %,0.0 %,64.1 %,35.6 %,0. 0 %.换言之,钟祥市汉江河谷平原区浅层孔隙水总体上具有中等脆弱性和高脆弱性,且脆弱性最高的地段几乎全部分布在汉江沿岸.为解决钟祥市工农业发展带来的高污染风险性与地下水具有较高脆弱性这一对明显的矛盾,应加强汉江河谷平原区的地下水资源的管理工作. 相似文献
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乌鲁木齐市位于西北干旱地区,地下水人均资源量严重不足,制约了城市经济和资源环境的协调发展。本次评价采用国内外应用成熟的DRASTIC方法,评价乌鲁木齐市浅层地下水脆弱性,首先对7个指标进行评分,建立符合研究区的DRASTIC评分体系,得到研究区DRASTIC模型的7个指标的评分图,然后利用ArcGis10.2软件的图层空间分析平台,结合评价结果做出了相应的脆弱性分区图。结果显示,乌鲁木齐市内乌鲁木齐河谷区及北部五一农场地段的地下水脆弱性为中—高等,主导因素为含水层介质类型为砂岩、砂砾石等透水性较好的地层,地下水埋深较小,地层渗透系数较高;位于市区南部的柴窝堡—乌拉泊村、永丰乡及北部的三坪农场至大草滩区域地下水脆弱性中等,其余地段地下水脆弱性低。 相似文献
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为评价区块尺度页岩气开采过程中深部污染物对上部含水层的污染风险,基于“源-途径-驱动力-受体”概念模型,采用层次分析法构建了页岩气开采对地下水影响的深部脆弱性评价指标体系.利用该体系对贵州省某页岩气开采区块进行了评价,结果表明:评价区地下水深部脆弱性以低和较低为主,两者面积占研究区总面积的69.15%,主要分布于研究区西北部、中部及东南部,中间层厚度是影响评价结果的主要指标.该评价体系能够评估页岩气开采区地下水深部脆弱性,丰富了现有地下水脆弱性评价体系,可为区块内页岩气井的布设选址及地下水环境保护提供技术支撑. 相似文献
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为保护地下水饮用水源地,以中深层承压水为评价目标层,基于研究区103眼浅层地下水水位资料、9眼中深层地下水水位及水质资料,结合前人调查研究成果,采用DPTQHC评价模型对宿州市城区地下水脆弱性进行评价。评价模型选取水位降深、含水层渗透系数、弱透水层厚度、潜水水质、水头差、弱透水层渗透系数共6项影响因子,参照DARSTIC评价模型中权重范围值,结合研究区实际确定因子权重,借助Arcgis平台得到中深层承压水脆弱性综合指数及脆弱性分区图。结果表明：宿州市主城区中深层地下水脆弱性中等区域分布面积最广,其后依次为脆弱性较低区域、脆弱性较高区域、脆弱性高区域、脆弱性低区域。评价结果与该地区地下水质量吻合较好,适宜中深层地下水脆弱性评价。 相似文献
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为保护地下水饮用水源地,以中深层承压水为评价目标层,基于研究区103眼浅层地下水水位资料、9眼中深层地下水水位及水质资料,结合前人调查研究成果,采用DPTQHC评价模型对宿州市城区地下水脆弱性进行评价。评价模型选取水位降深、含水层渗透系数、弱透水层厚度、潜水水质、水头差、弱透水层渗透系数共6项影响因子,参照DARSTIC评价模型中权重范围值,结合研究去区实际确定因子权重,借助Arcgis平台得到中深层承压水脆弱性综合指数及脆弱性分区图。结果表明：宿州市主城区中深层地下水脆弱性中等区域分布面积最广,其后依次为脆弱性较低区域、脆弱性较高区域、脆弱性高区域、脆弱性低区域。评价结果与该地区地下水质量吻合较好,适宜中深层地下水脆弱性评价。 相似文献
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特殊脆弱性分析评价是实现定量研究地下水受某种特定污染物威胁的有效手段。文章以佳木斯市七水源地为研究对象,在分析区域水文地质条件的基础上,选取地下水防污性能评价模型（DRASTIC）用于研究区固有脆弱性的评价,侧重分析区内土地利用类型、稳定开采条件下的地下水水位降深等人为因素,以及典型污染物氨氮在特定介质中的通量这一特殊人类活动因素,构建了水源地特殊脆弱性评价模型。以研究区内28组浅层地下水样品中氨氮浓度和对应采样点特殊脆弱性指数之间的相关性来评估模型的可靠性,计算结果显示二者相关系数为0.67,具有较好的相关性,说明该评价系统可靠。特殊脆弱性计算结果显示研究区内以中等以下脆弱性为主,其中水源开采区和西南丘陵区特殊脆弱性较高,计算结果有助于实现水源地的科学管理。 相似文献
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地下水的资源功能与易遭污染脆弱性空间关系研究 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3
本文以滹滏平原为研究区,从地下水资源功能和地下水易遭污染脆弱性内在联系为切入点,采用统计分析的方法,探讨地下水的资源功能与易遭污染脆弱性关系.结果表明,当地下水资源功能为一般时,地下水易遭污染脆弱性为一般或较低;地下水资源功能强或较弱时,地下水易遭污染脆弱性较高;地下水资源功能较强和弱时,地下水易遭污染脆弱性较低.当地下水易遭污染脆弱性一般时,地下水资源功能为一般或较强;地下水易遭污染脆弱性高或低时,地下水资源功能较弱;地下水易遭污染脆弱性较高或较低时,地下水资源功能强或较弱.然后从地下水补给和含水层状况等二者之间共有的评价指标分析了地下水资源功能较低和脆弱性低时形成多种对应关系的机理. 相似文献
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Jing Hao Yongxiang Zhang Yangwen Jia Hao Wang Cunwen Niu Yongde Gan Yicheng Gong 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2017,10(6):144
Depth to water, net recharge, aquifer media, soil media, topography, impact of the vadose zone media, and hydraulic conductivity of the aquifer (DRASTIC) model based on a geographic information system (GIS) is the most widely adopted model for the evaluation of groundwater vulnerability. However, the model had its own disadvantages in various aspects. In this work, several methods and the technologies have been introduced to improve on the traditional model. The type of the aquifer was replaced by the thickness of the aquifer, and the index of topography was removed. The indexes of the exploitation of the groundwater and the type of land use that reflected the special vulnerability were added to the system. Furthermore, considering the wideness of the study area, the fixed weights in the DRASTIC model were not suitable. An analytic hierarchy process (AHP) method and an entropy weight (Ew) method were introduced to calculate the weights of parameters. Then, the Spearman Rho correlation coefficients between IVI and the Nemerow synthetical pollution index (NI) of the groundwater quality were significantly improved, after the four steps of modification. The level differences with little gaps between Nemerow comprehensive pollution indexes and groundwater vulnerability occupied the proportion of the area from 75.68 to 84.04%, and finally, a single-parameter sensitivity analysis for the two models was used to compute the effective weights of these parameters. By comparison, the DRMSICEL model seems to perform better than the DRASTIC model in the study area. And the results show discrepancies between the vulnerability indices and groundwater quality as indicated by existence of vulnerable areas with bad water quality and vice versa. 相似文献
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为查明丹东地区地下水质量与污染现状,提出科学的污染防治区划建议,基于层次分析法原理,选择地下水质量状况、污染现状、天然脆弱性、土地利用状况、地下水资源状况及开采现状为准则层,综合运用模糊评价法、层级阶梯法、DRASTIC法、线性加权函数法和MapGIS空间分析等技术方法开展研究.结果表明：Ⅰ~Ⅲ类水质分布面积占全区面积的91.65%,轻-中度污染水占95.81%,较弱-中等地下水脆弱区域占98.15%,准则层各指标综合评价后全区可划分为重要地下水水源地保护区、自然防护区、一般防护区和重点防护区等4类地下水污染防治保护区.结论：丹东地区总体地下水环境状况良好,但重点防护区内城镇化程度较高,人类活动对地下水环境影响较强,建议地方政府通过定期监测评价水质与水量、改善用水单位取水和排污工艺、合理调配地表水与地下水资源开发等方式加强防护. 相似文献
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Groundwater vulnerability is a cornerstone in evaluating the risk of groundwater contamination and developing management options
to preserve the quality of groundwater. Based on the professional model (DRASTIC model) and geographical information system
(GIS) techniques, this paper carries out the shallow groundwater vulnerability assessment in the Zhangye Basin. The DRASTIC
model uses seven environmental parameters (depth to water, net recharge, aquifer media, soil media, topography, impact of
vadose zone, and hydraulic conductivity) to characterize the hydrogeological setting and evaluate aquifer vulnerability. According
to the results of the shallow groundwater vulnerability assessment, the Zhangye Basin can be divided into three zones: low
groundwater vulnerability risk zone (risk index <120); middle groundwater vulnerability risk zone (risk indexes 120–140) and
high risk zone (risk index >140). Under the natural conditions, the middle and high groundwater vulnerability risk zones of
the Zhangye Basin are mainly located in the groundwater recharge zones and the important cities. The high, middle and low
groundwater vulnerability risk zones of the Zhangye Basin cover around 17, 21 and 62% of study area, respectively. 相似文献
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西辽河平原(内蒙古部分)地下水固有脆弱性评价 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
在西辽河平原地下水资源评价的基础上,选取影响西辽河平原固有脆弱性的最主要的7个影响因子,利用GIS平台的空间分析功能,将研究区划分为14365个评价单元,运用基于DRASTIC的模糊综合评价方法对该区的地下水固有脆弱性进行了综合评价,并绘制了脆弱性分布图。评价结果表明西辽河平原(内蒙古部分)地下水脆弱性存在3个分区:大部分地区为地下水稍易污染区;南部的黄土地区为地下水稍难污染区;而西辽河和乌尔吉木伦河的中上游为地下水相对略易污染区。评价结果对该区地下水资源保护、防止地下水污染具有指导作用。 相似文献
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鲁南经济带内矿产资源及地下水资源非常丰富,长期大量开采引发的环境地质问题主要有采空塌陷、岩溶塌陷、地面沉降、地下水降落漏斗及海水入侵等。选取地形地貌、岩土体特征、水文地质条件、环境工程地质问题、地质资源和人类工程经济活动等17个评价因子,利用傅勒三角形法确定各评价因子的权重,采用专家聚类法评价地质环境脆弱性。选取重点城市所在评价单元的土壤环境质量(T)、工程地质环境(G)、地质灾害危险性(Z)和地质环境承载力(C)等4个评价因子,采用栅格叠图法对重点城市适宜性进行了评价。评价结果显示,全区可划分为地质环境脆弱性极高区、高区、中等区和低区共4个区,菏泽市、临沂市处于地质环境脆弱性高区,济宁市、枣庄市及日照市位于地质环境脆弱性中等区。地质环境适宜性综合评价显示5个重点城市均为基本适宜,其中枣庄市西城区为适宜。 相似文献
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The present research aims to derive the intrinsic vulnerability of groundwater against contamination using the GIS platform. The study applies DRASTIC model for Ahmedabad district in Gujarat, India. The model uses parameters like depth, recharge, aquifer, soil, topography, vadose zone and hydraulic conductivity, which depict the hydrogeology of the area. The research demonstrates that northern part of district with 46.4% of area is under low vulnerability, the central and southern parts with 48.4% of the area are under moderate vulnerability, while 5.2% of area in the south-east of district is under high vulnerability. It is observed from the study that lower vulnerability in northern part may be mostly due to the greater depth of vadose zone, deeper water tables and alluvial aquifer system with minor clay lenses. The moderate and high vulnerability in central and southern parts of study area may be due to lesser depth to water tables, smaller vadose zone depths, unconfined to semi-confined alluvial aquifer system and greater amount of recharge due to irrigation practices. Further, the map removal and single-parameter sensitivity analysis indicate that groundwater vulnerability index has higher influence of vadose zone, recharge, depth and aquifer parameters for the given study area. The research also contributes to validating the existence of higher concentrations of contaminants/indicators like electrical conductivity, chloride, total dissolved solids, sulphate, nitrate, calcium, sodium and magnesium with respect to groundwater vulnerability status in the study area. The contaminants/indicators exceeding the prescribed limits for drinking water as per Indian Standard 10500 (1991) were mostly found in areas under moderate and high vulnerability. Finally, the research successfully delineates the groundwater vulnerability in the region which can aid land-use policies and norms for activities related to recharge and seepage with respect to existing status of groundwater vulnerability and its quality. 相似文献
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During the last 25 years, rapid and unplanned land reclamation activity has been carried out in the areas located in both south and east of Wadi El - Natrun Depression of Egypt. Accordingly, negative effects on groundwater levels and vulnerability are frequently caused by localized high levels of abstraction and the return-flow of polluted irrigation water respectively. A groundwater model is a computational method that presents an approximation of an underground water system. In this study the groundwater system is simulated both in quantity and quality by using Mass Balance Transfer Model (NETPATH), Groundwater Modeling System (GMS) and DRASTIC Model to investigate the water - rock interactions, groundwater levels drawdown and vulnerability respectively. Three main geochemical processes namely dedolomitisation, dissolution of halite and silicate weathering were estimated during the flow path. The present over-abstraction of groundwater (105.84 million m3/year) has induced a general head drawdown from 3 to 40 m in years 2015 and 2050 respectively. Best estimate using a 3D GMS hydraulic model was (157000 m3/day) a strategy proposed for the management of groundwater without critical depletion (second scenario). The results document the extent to which a high drawdown can greatly reach 4 m by the end of simulation year 2050. The vulnerability maps of groundwater were constructed using the DRASTIC index method. The results indicated that, the southeastern and central portions of the study area are having high vulnerability rate (> 110). Modified DRASTIC map showed many more dominant high risk areas in the eastern parts of the study area that were low risk, which may be attributed to return flow of polluted irrigation water. 相似文献
20.
综合指数法和模糊综合法在地下水质量评价中的对比——以遵义市为例 总被引：8，自引：2，他引：6
综合指数法和模糊综合评价法在地下水质量评价中被广泛应用。岩溶地区地下水环境脆弱,潜在污染来源复杂。为了更好地了解综合指数法和模糊综合法在岩溶地下水评价中的应用效果,本文以贵州省遵义市为例,利用这两种方法分别对该市具有代表性的9个地下水点水质进行评价和对比分析。结果显示:遵义市浅层地下水水质总体较好,Ⅲ类及Ⅲ类以上水占33 %,但个别区域地下水水质很差,主要为NO2-、NH4+、Mn、Na+、Cl-、SO42-、溶解性总固体、总硬度(CaCO3)和Se等超标;两种方法评价结果一致的共有6个水点,均属Ⅱ类水质,结果不一致的3个水点,在综合指数法中全为Ⅳ类水,而在模糊综合评价中则是Ⅲ类水1个,Ⅴ类水两个。出现差异的主要原因是综合指数法在综合分值计算中过于强调单项指标最大值的作用和未考虑参评指标的权重,而模糊综合法则很好地克服了这些不足,精细地刻画出指标值对水质分级界限的接近程度并量化了所有指标对地下水水质的影响权重。可见,地下水水质评价中,模糊综合法要明显优于综合指数法。 相似文献