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1.
Twenty-five drinking water samples collected from the household property and from the Sydney Regional Municipality well bores and lakes were analyzed to evaluate the various inorganic parameters, level of concentrations of the priority elements and polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The pH of the majority of the water samples was below the guidelines adopted by Health and Welfare Canada (1996), although the drinking waters supplied by the Sydney Regional Municipality were within the guidelines. Only three water samples (13 and 14: Point Aconi area and 16: Port Morien fish plant) have elevated concentrations of various PAHs compared to the detection limit. Eight samples have higher concentrations of manganese and two samples (number 7: Sydney Airport and number 1: RCMP Office; Reserve Mines) have higher concentrations of priority elements (especially lead) than the recommended guidelines (>0.05 mg/l). These priority elements and the PAHs in the drinking water samples may have originated from the leaching of the individual coal seams within that part of the Sydney Basin. Other potential sources of these elements and PAHs (Power Plant disposal, Sydney Tar Pond, metalliferous rocks, hydrocarbon reservoir rocks) are not located close enough to the sampling sites of the water samples. Therefore, they are not considered the source of these elements and PAHs. 相似文献
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We collected a total of 50 water samples comprising tap water, ground water, and bottled water, from various areas of Jeddah City. We collected tap water samples from 25 districts, groundwater samples from 10 wells, and 15 different brands of bottled water. The levels of 28 elements were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Water certified reference material (CWW-TM-B) was used to ensure quality assurance. Recoveries ranged from 92 to 104.8% for all measured elements. Levels of major and trace elements in groundwater samples were higher than those in both bottled and tap drinking water. Only four elements (Al, Cs, U, and Zn) were shown to be higher in tap water samples than other samples type. However, their values were far below the guideline values. All mean concentrations of Na, K, Mg, and Ca in well water samples were significantly (p < 0.05) higher than those in both bottled and tap drinking water. In addition, only Al and Zn in tap water samples were significantly (p < 0.05) higher than those in both bottled and well drinking water. Most of the other elements were higher in well water samples compared to other sources. The results from this study will be used to increase public awareness about the safety of drinking water. It will also be useful for increasing awareness of health issues related to drinking water and to water used for other purposes. 相似文献
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作物对土壤中重金属的吸收受作物种类、采集部位及土壤理化性质等多方面因素的影响。近年来,金衢盆地土壤酸化面积逐年增大,酸化程度逐渐加深,其对土壤-作物系统中重金属元素的活动影响尚不明确。本文基于金衢盆地典型地区264组根系土壤-稻米样品分析数据,开展土壤、作物的重金属含量特征及其影响因素的研究,重点讨论了土壤pH对作物吸收重金属的影响。结果表明：①264件土壤中多数重金属元素的变异系数大于0.5,As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Ni和Zn元素之间呈显著正相关（P<0.01）。土壤Cd超标样品23件,超标率为8.7%;As、Cr、Cu、Hg、Ni、Pb和Zn超标样品均未超过2件。②稻米中Cu、Zn与Cd含量呈显著正相关,Cd的富集系数（BCF）高于植物营养元素Cu、Zn。③稻米中Zn和Cu在P<0.1水平上与pH值呈显著正相关。Cd、Cr、Hg的BCF与pH值之间存在一定的负相关性。研究认为,适当调低土壤的酸碱度会削减土壤中Cd、Hg等重金属元素的活性,从而减少农作物对重金属的吸收转运。研究结果可为当地粮食安全生产决策提供科学数据,为土地管护提供参考依据。 相似文献
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研究原煤中稀土及放射性元素的赋存形式,对原煤是集中还是分散利用、燃煤过程中粉煤灰的排放截留、从原煤或粉煤灰中提取稀土及放射性元素等方面都具有指导意义。由前人研究可知不同矿区原煤中稀土及放射性元素的赋存形式有差异。本文研究了山西省霍西煤田两个矿区175个煤样中稀土及放射性元素的赋存形式,应用背散射电子图像(BSEI)定位分析区域,应用BSEI、能谱-扫描电镜法(EDX-SEM)中的面分析(EDS-mapping)和粉晶X射线衍射法确定了主要伴生矿物,应用BSEI和EDX-SEM中的点分析(EDS-point)确定了微量伴生矿物。在煤样中发现了铈镧钕钇镝钪六种稀土元素及一种放射性元素钍,其中铈、镧和钕主要以磷酸盐形式伴生于高岭石类矿物中,部分伴生在含氧化铝或氧化硅较多的矿物中,少量存在于碳中;钇、镝以磷酸盐或氧化物形式独立存在于碳中;在部分锆石、独居石中分别发现了钪和钍。研究表明,该矿区煤样中稀土元素主要以细粒自生矿物的形式伴生在其他矿物中,少数以独立矿物的形式存在于碳中,放射性元素钍伴生在独居石中。 相似文献
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The Cenozoic lacustrine basin of Anloua (Adamaoua, Cameroon), is filled with the weathering products of the surrounding rocks. In order to determine the origin of these sediments, multi-element, especially trace element, analysis of their < 2 μm fraction was undertaken. The chemical compositions of these fractions were compared with those of the rocks surrounding the basin by multivariate statistical analysis and also graphically. A principal component analysis allowed the most discriminant elements to be selected, and a hierarchical ascending classification (HAC) made with these elements divided the samples into groups. Some of these groups contain < 2 μm fractions of both the lake sediments and surrounding rocks. These sediments are determined as deriving by weathering from the surrounding rocks. Some of the other groups contain no samples from the surrounding rocks and their petrographic origin cannot be given. A graphic comparison of the relative amounts of the elements (determined by HAC) from the < 2 μm fractions of the various groups and the rocks surrounding the basin allowed attribution of a petrographic origin for the various sediments analysed by using the fit between the curves.
The clay mineralogy, the amounts of Ti, Zr, and heavy minerals in the < 2 μm fractions and their distribution in the area studied, as well as the presence of angular quartzite pebbles in some sediments gives an indication of the paleogeography of the Anloua basin. There was deltaic input towards the north and a high energy input, possibly torrential, to the west. 相似文献
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胶东新立构造蚀变岩型金矿床元素地球化学行为 总被引：5，自引：3，他引：2
新立金矿位于华北克拉通东部胶东金矿省内,是一个典型的蚀变岩型(焦家型)金矿床,矿床受区域三山岛-仓上断裂带控制,产出于蚀变的玲珑花岗岩中。在主断裂带下盘蚀变矿化发育,可以划分为五个阶段:钾长石化阶段、绢英岩化阶段、黄铁绢英岩矿化阶段、多金属硫化物矿化阶段和碳酸盐化阶段。不同的蚀变矿化过程导致各阶段样品具有不同的矿物组合和地球化学特征。钾长石化花岗岩以高钾钠含量为特征,因为样品中含有新生成的二次钾长石及残留的钠长石;绢英岩的钙钠含量明显低于钾长石化花岗岩,是绢英岩化阶段斜长石蚀变分解所致;黄铁绢英岩FeT2O3含量普遍较高且SiO 2含量波动明显,与该阶段样品中大量黄铁矿的产出及部分样品中包含石英团块或石英脉相一致;多金属硫化物矿化样品的元素含量与黄铁绢英岩基本类似;碳酸盐化蚀变样品以高CaO含量为特征,与该阶段大量沉淀析出的方解石相符。在原始地幔标准化微量元素配分图上,不同阶段矿化蚀变样品,大离子亲石元素Rb、Ba、K、Sr差异性明显,而高场强元素Zr、Hf、Nb、Ta、P差异性较小,表明热液蚀变过程中大离子亲石元素活动性较强,高场强元素相对稳定。在稀土元素球粒陨石标准化图中,不同阶段样品均呈明显的右倾性,蚀变早期(钾长石化阶段)样品铕异常不明显,蚀变矿化主期(绢英岩化阶段至多金属硫化物矿化阶段)样品普遍具有负铕异常,而蚀变晚期(碳酸盐化阶段)样品普遍具有正铕异常。元素相关性分析表明,金与银、砷、铋和硫具明显正相关,与铜、铅具有一定的相关性。成矿元素因子分析也显示出金与砷、硫、铁、钴在矿化过程中具有类似的地球化学行为。实测剖面上不同位置样品元素地球化学特征的差异性主要受构造及蚀变矿化类型、强度控制,成矿元素在主断裂附近达到峰值,在远离主断裂方向上,其含量整体呈下降趋势,但在次级矿化断裂发育地段,含量又明显回升;另外在断裂附近由于微裂隙及节理相对发育,有利于热液的渗透,蚀变较强,对成矿元素的空间分布亦具有控制作用。 相似文献
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Analysis of soil and sediment samples, using selective extraction methods to distinguish different phases, is of particular interest in exploration geochemistry to locate deeply buried mineral deposits. There are various mechanisms of binding labile elements in the secondary environment, including physical and chemical sorption, precipitation, chelation and complexation. Phases present in soils and sediments which are likely to scavenge ‘free' elements include amorphous Mn and Fe oxides, the humic and fulvic components of humus, and clays. This paper reviews these forms of trace elements and the methods in current use to quantify them. Examples of precision data, both for control and survey samples, are given with respect to trace elements dissolved from the ‘soluble organic' component of humus, Mn oxides and amorphous Fe oxides. The high sensitivity of inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP–MS) is required to measure accurately and precisely a large suite of trace elements, especially where only small fractions of elements are dissolved by such leaches as the commercially available Enzyme and MMI (Mobile Metal Ion) extractions. The relative standard deviations (RSD) obtained for 33 elements (e.g. Ag, Cd, In, I) in the standard reference sample (SRM), TILL-2, are in the range 0.5–8% for the hydroxylamine hydrochloride (NH2OH·HCl) leach designed to extract hydrous Fe and Mn oxides. The corresponding RSDs for elements in the reactive Mn oxide phase extracted by the Enzyme leach are in the range 3–19% except for some trace elements at levels close to detection limit (e.g. Cd, Bi). The RSDs obtained for field duplicates are inferior to those for analytical replicates (i.e. sample splits), probably a reflection of different concentrations of the host phase. In one soil survey, the Fe extracted by a 0.25 M NH2OH·HCl leach ranged conservatively from 0.2 to 1.7% whereas the Mn extracted by the Enzyme leach varied extensively, from 0.3 to >999 ppm. In contrast, precision, at 1–7% RSD, for field duplicates was found to be comparable with that for both analytical duplicates and the SRM, LKSD-4, for elements associated with the humic and fulvic component of humus samples sieved to <177 μm. 相似文献
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铜精矿、镍精矿和锌精矿是金属硫化矿物,且为大宗进口商品,准确分析其中的稀散元素有利于矿物的综合利用。这类矿物中的稀散元素含量极低,各元素性质各异,尤其Ge和Se在湿法消解中由于挥发损失而无法准确定值,很难进行多种元素的同时测定,传统的方法需要通过预先分离富集,采用不同的仪器进行测定。本文以铜精矿、锌精矿和镍精矿为代表性硫化矿,采用微波消解对样品进行密闭前处理,电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)测定稀散元素含量,实现了多种元素的同时测定。条件实验表明在同时检测镓、锗、硒、镉、铟、碲、镧、铊的过程中,总固溶量、内标、质谱干扰消除的条件对三种金属硫化矿均一致,只是前处理过程中用酸的选择有些差异。硝酸-盐酸-氢氟酸-过氧化氢体系适合于测定镍精矿和锌精矿中的Ga、Ge、Se、Cd、In、Te、La、Tl和铜精矿中的Ga、Ge、Se、Cd、In、La、Tl,各元素的回收率在85.5%～116.6%之间;王水溶样法更适合测定铜精矿中的Te。 相似文献
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正态分布在区域地球化学调查样品分析质量评价中的应用探讨 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
区域地球化学样品长期以来一直是采用间接方法对实际样品元素分析质量进行评价,有效地提高了区域地球化学样品的整体分析质量,但是当实际样品和外部质量控制样品含量范围差别较大时,间接评价的效果会减弱。本文从区域地球化学样品大部分元素符合标准(对数)正态分布的规律出发,运用SPSS、Excel等软件对区域地球化学调查样品元素含量正态分布情况进行研究,通过计算元素含量实际正态分布图和标准正态分布图的重合度直接评价元素的分析质量。运用整套方法对实验室分析的江西某地多目标区域地球化学样品的分析数据进行了质量评价,正态分布检验表明微量元素需要通过对数转换才能进行正态分布分析,该地区钛、钨、铬等元素不适合用本方法进行质量评价;钴、汞、镓等18个元素的重合度都在0.9以上;氧化钙和氧化钠重合度小于0.9,样品实际结果分析表明需降低分析方法检出限,提高低含量氧化钙和氧化钠的分析质量。本方法对区域地球化学调查样品的分析数据质量的直接评价作了有益的尝试,可以作为现有区域地球化学调查样品质量评价办法的参考和补充。 相似文献
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In a regional stream-sediment survey of the Seigal and Hedleys Creek areas, covering approximately 6000 km2, in all 2508 stream-sediment samples were collected with an overall sample density of 1 per 2–3 km2. The minus 180 μm fraction of the samples was analyzed for up to 25 elements including As, Ba, Be, Bi, Ce, Co, Cr, Cu, F, Fe, Li, Mn, Mo, Nb, Ni, Pb, Rb, S, Sn, Th, Ti, U, W, Y and Zn.Selected elements were processed by a statistical map-analysis technique to: (a) display the broad-scale regional distribution patterns of the elements using a cell-average gap-fill mapping technique followed by low-pass filtering (LPF); and (b) delineate anomalous areas using the picture frame filter (PFF) and the Kolmogorov-Smirnov filter (KSF).The regional distribution patterns of elements clearly relate to geologic belts, plutons and stratigraphic units. Anomaly filtering clearly identifies the various known mineral occurrences including U, U-Cu-Sn, and Pb-Zn. The technique also delineated several anomalies, unrelated to known mineral occurrences, having similar anomalous element combinations and occurring in similar geological settings as those related to known mineral occurrences. Some of these filter-enhanced anomalies are too subtle to be immediately apparent in the unprocessed data. 相似文献
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This paper deals withR-mode cluster analysis for more than 6000 analytical data from the samples of tectonite and mineralized rocks using the method
of multivariate statistical analysis on the basis of division of the tectonic fault systems in the Malage Ore Field andR-mode factor analysis for the analytical data from tectonite samples collected along various directions of the faults according
to fourteen variables related to the mineralizing elements which are selected in terms ofR-mode cluster analysis from the chemical composition of tectonites. Thus the distribution characteristics of primary halo
anomalies have been revealed with respect to the metallogenetic elements Sn, Cu, and Pb, Zn. The tecto-geochemical features
are shown by the primary halo anomalies, thus providing the theoretical basis for metallogenetic forecast in the ore field. 相似文献
13.
便携式X射线荧光光谱仪(PXRF)因具有快速、无损检测元素含量的能力,通常被用于野外或实验室地质样品的元素含量检测工作中,对于大多数地质样品,在2 min内就能够获得几十种元素的半定量-定量分析结果。但在实际应用中,被测样品的表面平整度、样品中物质的均一性和施测时间等因素都会影响元素分析结果。为了进一步了解样品类型和分析测试方法等因素对元素分析的具体影响,本文对比了PXRF与实验室分析结果、岩石和粉末样品PXRF分析结果、不同检测时间所得PXRF分析结果的关系,在不损失过多分析精度的前提下提出了通过PXRF降低勘查成本、提高工作效率的方案。结果表明:用PXRF直接分析岩石样品时,大多数元素的分析结果可靠性较差,尤其是成矿预测工作中常用的Cu、Pb、Zn、As和Ni等元素;粉末样品的PXRF分析结果与实验室分析结果具有较好的相关性,表明对岩石样品进行粉碎处理能够明显改善PXRF分析质量;元素种类不同,岩石和粉末样品PXRF测量结果的相关性也不同。因此,在实际工作中可以根据感兴趣的目标元素确定是否需要对岩石样品进行粉碎制样处理;检测时间对元素含量分析结果没有明显影响,对于特定元素,如果能够在较短时间内获得其含量信息,则无需增加检测时间。 相似文献
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K.P.N. Kumaran D. Padmalal Ruta B. Limaye S. Vishnu Mohan 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2018,91(5):596-600
This study investigates the abundance, modes of occurrence and origin of major and trace elements in the Jurassic Tazareh coal in the northern Iran. A total of 27 samples (coal, coaly shale and siltstones) were collected and analyzed for trace elements by neutron activation analysis (INAA) and for major elements by X-ray fluorescence. The abundance of these elements is discussed in relation to local geological conditions. The correlation between the various elements is demonstrated through scatter diagrams and the possible genetic associations are discussed. Most elements (Al, Si, Na, K, Fe, Mg, Ti, Ba, Cr and REE) are positively correlated with ash yields that are inorganically associated. Bromine displays statistically signiûcant negative correlations with ash yield. The Ca, Zn, Se, As and Co present mixed modes of occurrence in the coal and probably associate with organic fraction. 相似文献
17.
本文对1:5万地球化学普查样品中分析元素的选择问题提出了一些应考虑的原则和依据,并例举了我国在化探找矿实践中曾采用且已取得效果的指示元素选用的实例,以供读者在工作中参考。作者根据地矿部各野外队实验室的经验提出了1:5万样品分析的质量监控方法、几项质量参数及这些质量参数的计算式和统计方法。为了客观地评价1:5万化探样品分析的质量等级,文章提出了“优秀”、“良好”、“及格”和“不及格”四个质量等级和它们相应的质量参数。 相似文献
18.
敞开酸溶和偏硼酸锂碱熔ICP-MS法测定多金属矿中的稀土元素及铌钽锆铪 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
用电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)测定地质样品中的稀土及难熔元素,混合酸敞开酸溶法和碱熔融法是两种主要的溶样方法。但地质样品组分复杂,元素之间存在相互共生的现象,对于特殊元素、特殊样品用传统酸溶法会造成部分元素消解不完全,使测定结果不准确;而碱熔法的操作过程繁琐,且溶液盐度高,易产生基体干扰和堵塞仪器进样系统。本文改进了传统四酸和五酸体系,采用氢氟酸-硝酸-硫酸敞开酸溶体系,用国家一级标准物质制作标准曲线测定15种稀土元素,方法准确度(ΔlgC)为0.001～0.027。同时改进了偏硼酸锂碱熔法,样品用偏硼酸锂碱熔提取,加入氢氧化钠调节溶液至碱性条件,所测元素与偏硼酸锂共沉淀后过滤分离熔剂,再用硝酸复溶测定15种稀土元素及铌钽锆铪。两种溶样方法的测定值与认定值的相对误差为1.09%～9.30%。将混合酸敞开酸溶法测定稀土元素、偏硼酸锂碱熔法测定铌钽锆铪的结果与其他实验室密闭酸溶法相比,两组数据的相对偏差为0.13%～15.32%。本实验表明,混合酸敞开酸溶法适用于测定地质样品中的稀土元素,偏硼酸锂碱熔法不仅适用于测定地质样品中的稀土元素及铌钽锆铪,也适用于测定如古老高压变质岩石及铝含量高的样品中的铌钽锆铪。 相似文献
19.
白云鄂博是世界最大的稀土矿山,研究白云鄂博矿区土壤及植物等环境介质中的稀土元素和重金属元素的分布特征,可以为调查矿区环境现状提供基础数据,同时为矿山环境修复提供参考依据。本文采集了白云鄂博稀土矿区的土壤、植物,以及背景区本巴台地区的岩石、土壤、牛粪五类样品,采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法（ICP-MS）测定了样品中15种稀土元素（La、Ce、Pr、Nd、Sm、Eu、Gd、Tb、Dy、Ho、Er、Tm、Yb、Lu、Y）及8种重金属元素（Cr、Mn、Ni、Cu、Zn、Cd、Pb、As）的含量,研究这些元素地球化学行为及其在空间上的变化规律。结果表明：①矿区土壤和植物样品均显示出明显的轻稀土富集、重稀土亏损的特征。土壤和植物中含量最高的稀土元素均为Ce,分别达到49.95%及48.55%,与白云鄂博稀土矿富Ce的特征高度一致。②铁花植物的稀土元素总量在空间上呈现出主矿>东矿>东介勒格勒矿段的趋势,与三处矿体本身含矿性变化一致,说明该种植物稀土含量基本受矿体含矿性控制,对生长环境中稀土富集程度指示较准确。③矿区土壤中存在一定程度的Zn （465~778mg/kg）、Cd （1.35~2.23mg/kg）、Pb （181~431mg/kg）累积,其中部分点位Cd、Pb存在超出风险管制值的现象。综上,白云鄂博的矿石、土壤、植物样品均表现出富Ce的特征,且植物稀土含量与其所生长处的矿体含矿性强弱高度相关,三者之间稀土含量特征表现出明显继承性。此外,矿区局部点位土壤存在的Zn、Cd、Pb累积需要引起适当关注。 相似文献
20.
Geochemical samples from part of Lake Geneva were analyzed for 29oxides and trace elements. The variables and samples were subjected to R- and Q-mode analyses. The following techniques were
applied in sequence: data transformation (normalization and standardization), data reduction (principal component and factor
analysis), and automatic classification (dendrograph). The data were treated using various combinations of these techniques,
and the resulting classifications evaluated by means of several criteria. The best classification of the samples is given
by a cluster analysis performed on four principal components computed from standardized variables. The discriminatory power
of the variables also was measured and determined to depend on their degree of intercorrelation. As a final result, the 29original variables were reduced to four components and the sediment samples classified into four facies, leading to easily
interpretable geochemical maps. 相似文献