共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 187 毫秒
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绪言建立岩体稳定性評价的理論基础和改进其方法对于解决工程建設中的岩体稳定問題具有重大意义。由于科学技术日新月异的飞速发展,工程設計与施工要求日趋迫切,同时建筑物与岩体間所产生的工程地貭作用又甚复杂,因此,研究岩体在工程作用下的变形性及稳定性开始被提到日程上来,定性的評价已远远的不能滿足实践的要求。 相似文献
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矿山地下开采过程中,由于采出了大量的矿体,上部岩体失去支撑,破坏了原有的平衡,因此岩体就破裂、变形,地表上则表现为塌陷、裂缝以及肉眼难以分辨的地面变形,矿坑内则表现为片帮、冒顶、底鼓等。 相似文献
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岩体自由场的动应变测量,是在岩体中打一个钻孔,将传感器埋入其中;在动荷载的作用下,岩体发生变形时,传感器应随着岩体产生相应的变形。这样,才能真实地反映岩体的变形。然而,在实际工作中,传感器测出的变形往往很难与岩体真正的变形相一致.原因是在岩体中打了一个钻孔之后,局部破坏了岩体的天然应力场;其次,传感器与岩体为两种不同特征阻抗的介质.当应力波到达不同介质的界面时,将产生折射和反射现象,因此使测量带来一定的误差。 相似文献
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区域非稳定动力学环境下,长期的构造变形、重力卸荷以及地震动力作用的共同影响,可以导致岩体发生大范围变形、松动。松动岩体内发育大量的软弱结构面,且表现出整体破碎、松弛严重、透水强烈,张性节理裂隙发育、地表裂缝较发育、岩体地震动力破坏信息反映明显等特征。岩体的变形松动可以分为卸荷变形松动、倾倒变形松动、顺层滑移松动、断层控制松动、节理裂隙控制松动等5种模式。岩体的物理振动试验结果表明,地震动力是造成岩体松动的主因。数值模拟结果表明,在单纯自重应力影响作用下,松动岩体不会出现大面积的失稳破坏现象,但在地震动力作用下,松动岩体会发生大面积屈服破坏。 相似文献
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基于兰渝铁路木寨岭深埋隧道工程区活动断裂调查和3个钻孔水压致裂地应力测量,获得了木寨岭隧道工程区北段的现今地应力分布特征,结果表明,北段工程区最大水平主应力为38.38 MPa,属于高地应力区;三个主应力的关系为SHShSv,表明该区地壳浅表层现今构造活动以水平运动为主,主应力关系有利于逆断层的发育和活动;最大水平主应力优势方向为NE,反映穿越隧道北段的NWW向主要断裂带具有逆冲兼反时针扭动活动特征。根据地应力测量结果、相关理论及判据认为:隧道北段横截面形状以水平长轴、垂直短轴,且长短轴之比近似于隧道截面上侧压力系数的椭圆形为宜;隧道北段在埋深范围开挖时,硬岩具有岩爆发生的可能性,软岩具有发生严重挤压变形的背景。该成果为深入研究隧道区应力场特征,分析隧道围岩稳定性,科学设计隧道断面形状、结构和强度等工程地质问题提供了依据。 相似文献
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地质体是在地壳演化中形成的,它是建造和构造形变的综合体。断裂化的地质体在较晚期构造力或工程载荷作用下沿已存在的断裂发生形变和位移的现象被称为迭加断裂,其形成过程即是迭加断裂作用。 本文以莫尔-库仑理论为基楚,探讨断裂发育与迭加断裂作用、构造应力场的关系,并对地质构造研究中的“断裂继承”,“断裂复活”进行定量的探讨。研究过程中承谷德振老师指导和鼓励,于此表示衷心的感谢。 相似文献
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雪峰山深孔水压致裂地应力测量及其意义 总被引：5，自引：5，他引：0
利用最新研制的深孔水压致裂地应力测量设备在雪峰山2000 m科钻先导孔内开展了原地应力测量,在孔深170~2021 m范围内获得了16个测段的有效地应力测量数据,是国内首次利用水压致裂法获得的孔深超过2000 m深度的原地应力测量成果。测量结果表明,地应力随孔深增加而逐渐加大,对实测数据进行线性回归,得到最大和最小水平主应力随深度变化的关系分别为:SH=0.03328H+5.25408,Sh=0.0203H+4.5662,在孔深2021 m深度,其实测值分别为66.31 MPa和43.33 MPa。基于实测数据,结合钻孔成像测试和井温测试结果,对测点应力状态进行了综合分析。在170~800 m深度范围,三向主应力关系为SH > Sh > Sv,有利于逆断层活动;孔深1000~2021 m表现为SH > Sv > Sh,表明该区域深部应力结构属于走滑型。最大水平主应力方向为北西-北西西方向。基于实测地应力数据及莫尔-库伦破裂准则,对测区附近断层活动性进行了分析讨论,认为该区域断层处于稳定状态。 相似文献
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MENG Wen GUO Changbao ZHANG Yongshuang DU Yuben ZHANG Min BAO Linhai ZHANG Peng 《《地质学报》英文版》2016,90(6):2022-2035
Tectonic activities are frequent in the Lhasa terrane because of the ongoing collision between the India and Eurasia plates. Knowledge of the stress state is critical to evaluate the crustal stability and the design of underground excavations. Because of the limitations imposed by natural conditions,little research has been performed on the present crustal in situ stress in the Tibetan Plateau,and further study is imperative. In this study,hydraulic fracturing measurements were conducted in Nyching County(LZX) and Lang County(LX),Lhasa terrane to characterize the shallow crustal stress state. The results indicate that the stress state in the LZX borehole is markedly different from that in the LX borehole,in both magnitude and orientation. At the same measurement depths,the magnitudes of horizontal principal stresses in the LX borehole are 1.5–3.0 times larger than those in the LZX borehole. The stress regime in the LX borehole favors reverse faulting characterized by SHShSv,where SH,Sh,and Sv are maximum horizontal,minimum horizontal,and vertical principal stresses,respectively. The SH and Sh values are approximately three and two times greater than Sv. Fracture impression results reveal that SH in the LX borehole are predominantly N–S,while in the LZX borehole the maximum horizontal principal stress is mainly in the NNE-direction. The heterogeneity of the regional stress state might be a result of the population and distribution of local structures and seismic activities. The stress state in the LX borehole has exceeded the critical state of failure equilibrium,and there is an optimally orientated pre-existing fault near the borehole. It can be concluded that the optimally orientated fault is likely to be active when the stress has built up sufficiently to destroy the frictional equilibrium; it is suggested that research focus should be placed on this in future. The stress states in boreholes LZX and LX indicate uniformity of the regional stress field and diversity of the local stress fields resulting from the interactions among regional dynamic forces,tectonic stress field,and geological structures. 相似文献
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The recent development of the coalbed methane (CBM) industry has a significant role in advancing hydraulic fracturing theory and technology. However, further development requires a better understanding of how fractures influence reservoir permeability. In situ stress data from 54 CBM wells in the southern Qinshui Basin, China, were obtained by the injection/falloff test method to analyse the effect of in situ stress on the permeability of the CBM reservoir. The types of in situ stress states were classified, and the coal reservoir permeability under different in situ stress states was analysed. The results indicate that the maximum horizontal principal stress (σH), minimum horizontal principal stress (σh) and vertical principal stress (σv) all have positive linear relationships with the coal seam burial depth. Three in situ stress states were observed from the shallow to deep regions of the CBM reservoir in the study area: σH?>?σh?>?σv, σH?>?σv?>?σh and σv?>?σH?>?σh, which account for 9, 76 and 15% of the test wells, respectively. Coal reservoir permeability decreases with increasing horizontal principal stress, whereas it first decreases with increasing σv, then increases and finally decreases. The variation in permeability with σv is due to the conversion of the in situ stress states. Coal reservoir permeability has obvious differences under different in situ stress states. The permeability is the largest when σv?>?σH?>?σh, followed by σH?>?σh?>?σv and smallest when σH?>?σv?>?σh. The permeability differences are caused by the fracture propagation shape of the rock strata under different in situ stress states. 相似文献
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一种常见的岩体结构——板裂结构及其力学模型 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
岩体结构观念的提出对岩体工程地质和岩体力学的研究具有重要意义。岩体结构类型划分方案已经提出了许多,已有的岩体结构划分原则主要是岩体破碎程度。谷德振、孙玉科等曾提出过岩体结构基本单元是:结构面和结构体。1977年底谷德振教授曾提出过,碎碎带应作为一种岩体结构单元问题,没有引起人们的重视。 相似文献
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Quantification of Aperture and Relations Between Aperture,Normal Stress and Fluid Flow for Natural Single Rock Fractures 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Pinnaduwa H. S. W. Kulatilake Jinyong Park Pirahas Balasingam Robert Morgan 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2008,26(3):269-281
Accurate quantification of rock fracture aperture is important in investigating hydro-mechanical properties of rock fractures.
Liquefied wood’s metal was used successfully to determine the spatial distribution of aperture with normal stress for natural
single rock fractures. A modified 3D box counting method is developed and applied to quantify the spatial variation of rock
fracture aperture with normal stress. New functional relations are developed for the following list: (a) Aperture fractal
dimension versus effective normal stress; (b) Aperture fractal dimension versus mean aperture; (c) Fluid flow rate per unit
hydraulic gradient per unit width versus mean aperture; (d) Fluid flow rate per unit hydraulic gradient per unit width versus
aperture fractal dimension. The aperture fractal dimension was found to be a better parameter than mean aperture to correlate
to fluid flow rate of natural single rock fractures. A highly refined variogram technique is used to investigate possible
existence of aperture anisotropy. It was observed that the scale dependent fractal parameter, K
v, plays a more prominent role than the fractal dimension, D
a1d, on determining the anisotropy pattern of aperture data. A combined factor that represents both D
a1d and K
v, D
a1d × K
v, is suggested to capture the aperture anisotropy. 相似文献
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构造应力场中的软岩客运专线双线隧道稳定性研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以铁道部250 km/h客运专线标准断面双线隧道为对象,依托木寨岭高地应力软岩隧道工程,研究构造应力场条件下隧道变形特性、能量积聚、力学响应及塑性区规律。水平大主应力平行隧道轴线时,高能集中区和塑性区主要集中于边墙,掌子面前方围岩能量密度较小,掌子面挤出变形较大;水平大主应力垂直轴线时,高能集中区和塑性区主要分布在拱顶、仰拱及掌子面,掌子面前方围岩能量密度较大,挤压变形较小。研究表明：掌子面前方待开挖核心土体表现能量-位移正交性,而目前采用简单的挤出变形来判别掌子面稳定性,其合理性值得进一步商榷;规范给出“最大水平主应力与隧道轴线平行或小角度相交设计原则”,并不是对所有高地应力场都适用;锚杆在开挖初期有效促进临时“承载拱”的形成,使“压力拱”偏移至隧道轮廓附近,成为施工初期稳定的关键;锚杆降低边墙深部岩体切向应力峰值,随着掌子面推进,拱效应不断向深部岩体移动,形成动态压力拱。 相似文献
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上海地区浅部地应力测量及其构造地质意义分析 总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0
通过水压致裂法与超声波成像测井法相结合的方法,对上海地区浅部（180 m深度范围）原位地应力进行了测量。测量结果表明:最大水平主应力值在9.54~12.91 MPa之间,最小水平主应力值在5.41~6.96 MPa之间,最大水平主应力方向为北西42°-62°,优势方位为北西,地应力结构为SH > Sh > Sv,可以反映区域构造应力场特征。依据区域内断裂空间分布特征和现今实测地应力结果综合分析认为,北东向断裂易于发生压性或压扭性逆断活动,断裂相对稳定;而北西向断裂易于发生张性或张扭性正断活动,在现今相对较高的应力水平状态下仍值得关注。测量结果可能对于揭示区域构造界线（江山-绍兴断裂）的走向有一定启示。 相似文献
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A new method of estimating the ratio between in situ rock stresses and tectonics based on empirical and probabilistic analyses 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
This paper describes a new procedure for assessing the ratio between in situ stresses in rock masses by means of K (K = σH / σv, being σH and σv principal stress) and tectonics for purposes of engineering geology and rock mechanics. The method combines the use of the logic decision tree and the empirical relationship between the Tectonic Stress Index, TSI, and a series of K in situ values obtained from an extensive database. The decision tree considers geological and geophysical factors affecting stress magnitudes both on the regional and local scale. The TSI index is defined by geological and geomechanical parameters. The method proposed provides an assessment of the magnitude of horizontal stresses of tectonic origin. Results for several regions of Europe are presented and the possible applications of the procedure are discussed. 相似文献