首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 140 毫秒
1.
本文对分离纯化样品过程中铅同位素的分馏进行了评估,并描述了适于MC-ICPMS同位素测定的分离纯化方法。利用AG1-X8阴离子交换树脂分离纯化样品中铅的过程确实导致了铅同位素的质量分馏。尽管分离纯化过程导致的铅同位素分馏程度较小(0.43‰amu-1),但明显超出了仪器的测试误差(0.23‰amu-1),如果样品中铅的回收率太低,会导致铅同位素测试值明显偏离真值。利用AG1-X8阴离子交换树脂,以0.2mL 1mol/L HBr溶液为上样介质,以5mL 1mol/L HBr和0.5mL 2mol/L HCl溶液为淋洗液,1.5mL 6mol/L HCl溶液为洗脱液,利用该分离流程可以保证获得样品中铅同位素的准确值。在本实验研究条件下,相对于过柱前样品,前期淋洗液富集铅的轻同位素(δ208Pb0),后期淋洗液富集铅的重同位素(δ208 Pb0),表明在该实验条件下,铅的重同位素组分比轻同位素更容易和树脂结合,AG1-X8阴离子交换树脂吸附铅的配分系数208 D/204 D大于1。解吸被树脂吸附铅的过程中,铅在不同络合形式间的交换反应可能导致了铅同位素的分馏效应,意味着无机络合物或者有机大分子参与反应的过程可能会导致铅同位素的分馏。  相似文献   

2.
使用Nu Plasma 1700型MC-ICP-MS的高分辨模式并采用标准-样品交叉法(SSB)测定Si同位素比值,以减少质谱干扰和仪器质量歧视对测定结果的影响。结果表明样品与标准样之间的Si浓度差异程度与Si同位素测量值呈正相关关系,样品与标准样的Si浓度差异低于20%时,Si同位素测量值差异小于0.04‰。测试部分国际常用标准样品的Si同位素组成,结果与文献报道值在误差范围内一致,δ~(30)Si测量精度优于0.07‰/amu。  相似文献   

3.
三氧同位素(16O、17O、18O)组成特征可有效示踪天然水循环及其环境效应,微量水δ(17O)和δ(18O)CoF3法同时测试新技术的建立,可为三氧同位素定量研究提供有效的分析手段,特别是能够捕捉到像光合作用、呼吸作用等生物过程中发生的同位素分馏现象。在国内首次建立了微量水δ(17O)和δ(18O)CoF3法线外同时测试新技术,样品量仅需2μL,整个制样时间约40min。采用在质谱测试前对待测样品在100℃下预热10 min,待O2完全解吸后再进行质谱测试的方法,避免了制样和测试过程中的记忆效应及分馏效应,δ(17O)和δ(18O)的分析精度分别达到±0.07‰和±0.14‰。该法使用固体试剂CoF3替代了剧毒的气态氟化物BrF5,使得制样流程更加安全可靠且样品量少,适用性强,具有很大的推广应用价值。  相似文献   

4.
沉积有机质的碳氮稳定同位素值是进行古气候、古环境及生态系统研究不可或缺的主要研究手段,目前碳氮同位素主要利用元素分析仪-同位素比值质谱(EA-IRMS)系统来测定。EA-IRMS测定过程中的反应温度及样品进样量直接影响反应物在测试中的燃烧程度,从而影响测试数据的精度。本文利用EA-IRMS技术,以标准样品为参考,在不同转化温度下测试碳氮同位素值,研究保证测试精度的最佳反应温度条件;同时,通过分析不同含氮量样品的检测限,明确了样品含氮量与最低检测限之间的关系,确定了精确测定氮同位素值的最低进样量。结果表明:反应温度对测试精度有显著影响,在碳同位素测定时,将反应温度设定为900℃或以上时测试精度均能达到±0.2‰;氮同位素测定时,反应温度须设定为950℃时测试精度才能达到±0.3‰。实验得出样品含氮量与检测限之间的线性相关性为R2=0.873,开展氮同位素测定时可根据此关系来判断和控制进样量。  相似文献   

5.
多接收器等离子体质谱精确测定铼含量及其同位素丰度   总被引:5,自引:2,他引:5  
利用多接收器等离子体质谱建立了快速精确测定铼含量及其同位素丰度的方法。溶液中加入铱元素进行铼同位素的质量分馏校正,在常规的溶液雾化进样条件下,采用同位素稀释法可准确测定纳克级的铼含量。铼标样A的自然同位素丰度的测量结果为185Re(37.437±0.008)%、187Re(62.563±0.008)%(2σ,n=5);铼稀释剂的同位素丰度测量结果为185Re(5.576±0.018)%、187Re(94.424±0.018)%(2σ,n=7);与未进行分馏校正的同位素组成的测量结果相比,精度和准确度均有提高。利用同位素稀释法测得铼标样A的浓度为(516.48±0.35)ng/g(2σ,n=5);测量精度和准确度均优于0.10%;利用反同位素稀释法对铼稀释剂B进行了详细的测量,平均测量结果为(62.74±0.26)ng/g(2σ,n=15),在分析误差范围内与其标定值完全一致;与未进行分馏校正的浓度测量结果相比,铼同位素丰度及铼含量的测量准确度均明显提高。  相似文献   

6.
铜同位素地球化学研究及其在矿床学应用的评述和讨论   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
不同地质条件和成矿环境中的铜同位素组成有显著差异,表明利用含铜矿物的铜同位素组成可以作为成矿物质来源的示踪剂.并且,由于铜是主要成矿元素之一,所以铜同位素对于成矿物质来源和成矿过程的示踪更为直接.文章介绍和评述了铜同位素的测试、研究和应用的进展,认为当前对于铜同位素分馏知识的匮乏严重制约着铜同位素研究和应用.从同位素分馏的基本原理出发,提出了铜同位素分馏研究的思路以及可能的分馏规律,对于已发表的部分地质样品测试数据,给出了新的解释,并预测溶解于海水中的铜离子应亏损65Cu.  相似文献   

7.
报道了用多接收器电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(MC-ICPMS)测定Re-Os同位素组成的质谱方法和化学分离方法,并应用该方法测定了天然镁铁-超镁铁质岩石样品中的Os同位素组成及Re、Os含量.Re同位素组成的MC-ICPMS测定利用膜除溶雾化器(Aridus)和静态法拉第杯接收的方式完成,采用Ir标准溶液在线校正仪器的质量分馏.Os同位素组成的MC-ICPMS测定采用常规雾化器和离子计数器静态接收的方式完成,并用10%的HCl-EtOH和10%的HCl溶液交替清洗进样系统来消除Os的"记忆效应".岩石样品的Re和Os化学分离采用Carius管溶样法,结合CCl4萃取以及微蒸馏的方法分离纯化Os,利用阴离子交换树脂的方法分离纯化Re.运用上述方法,对6个镁铁-超镁铁质岩石样品中的Re、Os含量和187Os/188Os同位素比值进行了测定,获得了理想的分析结果.  相似文献   

8.
汪智军  李建鸿 《中国岩溶》2021,40(4):636-643
天然水溶解无机碳(DIC)碳同位素组成(δ13CDIC)分析是研究碳元素循环及相关生物地球化学过程的重要手段之一。近年来,激光光谱技术的发展为碳同位素比值测定提供了一种新的方法。文中阐述了一种总有机碳仪—激光光谱同位素仪联用在线测定水中DIC含量及δ13CDIC值的技术方法。该方法具有较高的测试精度,DIC含量测试结果相对标准偏差能控制在1%以内,δ13CDIC值精度优于±0.1‰(1σ)。不同类型岩溶水δ13CDIC值的测试结果与质谱仪法结果接近,差值总体≤0.3‰,表明该测试技术具有较高的准确度。由于吸收光谱信号与目标气体浓度有关,较低的CO2浓度会影响激光光谱仪的稳定性,在测试时需要根据DIC浓度控制样品进样量,最好采用多标样法来校准仪器测量值。激光光谱技术因其具有低成本、测试快速可靠,且仪器小巧便携等特点,在岩溶水溶解无机碳碳同位素分析中具有较大应用前景。   相似文献   

9.
沥青样品铼-锇同位素分析溶解实验研究   总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3  
沥青样品中Re、Os含量较低,且组成复杂,因含有大量有机质,在溶样过程中会释放大量CO2,需要大量氧化剂。控制样品称样量和氧化剂比例、用量对保证Os的回收率以及测量信号的稳定性非常重要。本文根据沥青样品组成特点改进了Re-Os同位素分析技术方法,称样量由原来的0.2 g增加到0.4 g,氧化剂由原来的3 mLHCl、6 mL HNO3改为3 mL HCl、4 mL HNO3、3 mL H2O2,改进的方法所得到Os的信号强度提高了大约2倍。考察了改变溶剂组成对不同称样量沥青的氧化效果,研究了氧化剂中加入H2O2对不同称样量沥青样品溶解效果,以及对Os的回收率和仪器测量信号强度的影响程度。采用2 mL HCl、5 mL HNO3、2 mL H2O2作为氧化剂,Carius管高温密闭溶样,直接蒸馏法或传统蒸馏法分离富集Os,丙酮萃取法分离纯化Re,用电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)对采自云南某铅锌矿床的沥青样品Re-Os同位素进行分析测定。沥青的Re-Os同位素等时线年龄为(60±2)Ma(MSWD=2.5,n=7),初始187Os/188Os值为4.36±0.14,表明该沥青样品中Re-Os同位素体系的封闭性较好,而且物质来源为典型的壳源性质。建立的方法能够用于沥青年龄厘定与来源示踪方面的研究。  相似文献   

10.
多环芳烃单体同位素分析进展   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
多环芳烃(PAHs)单体同位素组成是辨识这类污染物来源,评价其在环境中生物可降解性的重要手段。准确高精度的PAHs单体同位素比值测定有赖于样品预处理方法的改进和相应仪器分析技术的提高。文章综合评述了近年来PAHs单体同位素分析中的预处理方法研究进展,主要包括索氏提取、加速溶剂萃取等提取方法和硅胶、氧化铝柱色谱、固相萃取、凝胶渗透色谱、高效液相色谱、薄层色谱等净化方法;介绍了PAHs单体同位素组成的气相色谱-同位素比值质谱分析方面的研究进展,包括色谱柱头压、进样时间、PTV大体积进样技术等仪器参数的选择和校准同位素内标的选择等数据处理方式。  相似文献   

11.
In order to discuss the role and influence of water during the generation of natural gas, the participation mechanism of water during the evolution of organic matter and its influences were summarized. In addition, we carried out an anhydrous cracking experiment of oil extracted from the Feixianguan Formation source rock in a closed system, which led to the establishment of the kinetic models for describing carbon and hydrogen isotopic fractionation during gas generation from organic matter. The models were calibrated and then applied to the northeastern Sichuan Basin. By combining a series of gas generation experiments from octadecane pyrolysis without water or with distilled water in varying mass proportions, several results were proved: (1) the hydrogen isotopic composition of natural gas becomes lighter with the participation of formation water; (2) we can quantitatively study the hydrogen isotopic fractionation with the kinetic model for describing carbon isotopic fractionation; (3) more abundant and reliable geological information can be obtained through the combined application of carbon and hydrogen isotopic indices.  相似文献   

12.
微生物降解使有机化合物的稳定碳、氢同位素发生不同程度分馏的研究在有机污染物来源和微生物环境修复等领域取得了长足进展,并对原油和天然气微生物降解研究有借鉴意义。微生物作用下的同位素分馏为动力同位素分馏,导致重同位素在残余物中富集。影响微生物降解有机物同位素分馏的主要因素有微生物的降解代谢途径、辅酶作用、降解类型与程度、同位素质量差异和有机物碳数等。不同的微生物代谢途径代表不同的生物化学反应,造成了同位素分馏的显著差异;辅酶对反应的催化作用使微生物作用造成的同位素分馏更加复杂。低碳数正构烷烃遭受微生物降解程度越高,碳、氢同位素的分馏也越大,同位素变重与降解程度之间有明显的相关性。但对于复杂化合物,由于降解的多级反应,同位素分馏与降解程度间的相关性并不明显。在同样降解程度下,氢同位素分馏大于碳同位素分馏,低碳数正构烷烃的同位素分馏大于高碳数正构烷烃的同位素分馏。  相似文献   

13.
新疆十红滩层间氧化带型砂岩铀矿同位素地球化学研究   总被引:13,自引:1,他引:13  
文章在对吐哈盆地十红滩层间氧化带型砂岩铀矿床地下水和粘土矿物的氢、氧同位素,钙质砂岩的碳、氧同位素,黄铁矿和长石的铅、硫同位素组成进行分析测试的基础上,系统总结了矿床的地球化学特征;认为形成层间氧化带和铀矿化的层间水主要来自大气降水,研究区水与有机烃类气体同位素交换、强烈的蒸发作用和水岩反应是控制地下水和矿物中同位素分馏的主要机制,层间氧化带和铀富集成矿是地下水在低温、常压下对围岩长期作用的结果,钙质砂岩的碳和黄铁矿的硫均主要为生物有机成因,盆地深部的煤成油、气也参与了成矿作用。  相似文献   

14.
热液体系水-岩作用过程中的氧氢同位素行为   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
论述水-岩作用过程氧氢同位素地球化学行为特征。列举西华山钨矿、台上金矿、白乃庙金矿和额仁陶勒盖银矿的水-岩体系氧(氢)同位素组成特征。论证了开放体系单阶段和二阶段水-岩反应中氧同位素行为接近于封闭体系氧同位素交换演变轨迹,具有成因指示意义,但不具定量意义。探讨了大气降水热液矿床矿体产出位置与氧同位素组成之间关系。本文还指出开放体系中氢同位素动力分馏行为控因复杂,主要由于1H相对富集于各种含氢气体中逃逸出热液体系,使热液体系氢同位素地球化学行为偏离理论演化轨迹,因此氢同位素组成的成因指示意义远不如氧同位素。  相似文献   

15.
Argon and nitrogen isotopes of air in polar ice cores provide constraints on past temperature and firn thickness, with relevance to past climate. We developed a method to simultaneously measure nitrogen and argon isotopes in trapped air from the same sample of polar ice. This method reduces the time required for analysis, allowing large numbers of measurements. We applied this method to the entire Holocene sequence of the GISP2 ice core (82.37-1692.22 m) with a 10-20 year sampling interval (670 depths). δ40Ar and δ15N show elevated values in the oldest part of the dataset, consistent with a thicker firn layer and increased temperature gradient in the firn due to the legacy of the abrupt warming at the end of the Younger Dryas interval and the gradual warming during the Preboreal interval (11.5-10.0 ka). The Preboreal Oscillation and the 8.2k event are clearly recorded. The data show remarkable stability after the 8.2k event.Available data suggests that post-coring gas loss involves two distinct types of fractionation. First, smaller molecules with less than a certain threshold size leak through the ice lattice with little isotopic fractionation. Second, gas composition changes via gas loss through microcracks, which induces isotopic fractionation. These two gas loss processes can explain most trends in our data and in other ice core records.  相似文献   

16.
天然气水合物是一种新型的洁净能源。甲烷天然气水合物是储量最丰富的一种类型,常出现在深海中或极地大陆上,其生成的过程中会发生同位素的分馏效应。通过实验室模拟水合物生成的过程,利用天然海水与甲烷或二氧化碳气体反应,以及更接近实际生成环境的甲烷-海水-沉积物动态聚散实验,对甲烷水合物和二氧化碳水合物生成前后δ13C值进行测定,研究水合物生成过程中δ13C的变化情况。实验证明,水合物反应中碳同位素分馏是存在的,其变化程度明显小于氧同位素和氢同位素。甲烷水合物碳同位素的分馏系数αC的值为1000 3~1000 9。二氧化碳水合物生成反应后气相的碳、氧同位素变轻,重同位素趋向于进入水合物中,二氧化碳水合物碳同位素的分馏系数αC的值为1000 7~1001 2。海水中溶解的CO2气体在甲烷水合物形成过程中会被水合物捕获,从而使得δ13CDIC值变小,重的碳同位素趋于进入水合物中,而较轻的碳同位素留在海水中。但由于海水中含有的溶解CO2气体有限,经过多轮水合物动态聚散后δ13CDIC值的变化幅度会越来越小。  相似文献   

17.
Fundamental knowledge of the isotopic fractionation between the hydration water and the mother solution and whether the primary information recorded in hydration water can be preserved or not in deposits or mines have long been unclear. In order to calculate the accurate hydrogen and oxygen isotopic fractionation factors between gypsum hydration water and its mother solution with new methods, to understand the mechanism of fractionation and synthetically assess the record-keeping abilities of the isotopic composition of hydration water during the process of diagenesis after deposition, experiments on the hydrogen and oxygen isotopic compositions of gypsum hydration water and its mother solution at different isothermal temperatures from 5 to 50°C were systematically conducted. In addition, samples from two typical gypsum deposits formed in different environmental conditions were also determined. Results show that during gypsum crystallisation, both hydrogen and oxygen isotopes show significant fractionation between the hydration water and the mother solution. The calculated hydrogen isotopic fractionation factors are <1, while the oxygen isotopic fractionation factors are >1 at temperatures from 5 to 50°C. The fractionation factors show no functional relationships with temperature. Isotopic compositions of gypsum hydration water in arid lake sediments can be used to trace the source of water and primary deposit environmental information. However, the isotopic composition of the gypsum hydration water can easily be altered by dissolution and secondary precipitation of gypsum during later diagenesis, particularly in areas with humid climate and abundant groundwater. A very careful assessment on record-keeping abilities of the primary isotopic composition of hydration water in gypsum during later diagenesis must be considered before application.  相似文献   

18.
湘南中生代橄榄岩包体的Nd同位素组成及成因意义   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
郭锋  范蔚茗  林舸  林源贤 《矿物学报》1999,19(2):206-209
湘南地区四组中生代橄榄岩包体单斜辉石(cpx)Nd同位素分析结果表明橄榄岩包体具极为亏损的Nd同位素组成。其中前三组样品的tDM年龄分别为2.19,1.44和1.83Ga,另一样品93Ti-18则受到后期改造且发生了LREE富集作用。  相似文献   

19.
1IntroductionIn nature, calcium has six naturally occurring sta-ble isotopes with atomic mass units (amu) and the a-bundances of40Ca (96.941%),42Ca (0.647%),43Ca (0.135%),44Ca (2.086%),46Ca (0.004%)and48Ca (0.187%) are presented in this paper.These analyt…  相似文献   

20.
Landfill leachate comprises a complex mixture of contaminants many of which may have multiple sources in the environment confounding conventional techniques for apportioning sources. Compound specific isotope ratio mass spectrometry offers the potential to “fingerprint” compounds enabling discrimination to be made between different sources. This paper presents a rapid and highly reproducible method to prepare landfill leachate samples for compound specific isotope analysis. A suitable solid phase extraction (SPE) method was developed using artificial contaminant solutions, natural waters spiked with artificial contaminants (eucalyptol, dodecane, benzothiazole, dibutyl phthalate and naphthalene), and samples of landfill leachate. The elution of adsorbed compounds from the SPE cartridge was found to be the major cause of hydrogen and carbon isotope fractionation. Three different SPE cartridge types were tested: C18, Strata-X and ENV+. Fractionation of between 1‰ and 245‰ for hydrogen isotopes and 0–1.83‰ for carbon isotopes was observed. Part of the fractionation could be attributed to the different SPE cartridges but the major contribution was from the choice of the eluting solvent. Our results indicated hydroxylated styrene-divinylbenzene cartridges eluted with dichloromethane resulted in negligible hydrogen or carbon isotope fractionation for any of the tested organic compounds.The isotopic fractionation of hydrogen and/or carbon of most artificial contaminants were proportional to the efficiency with which they were extracted from water. Only naphthalene exhibited isotopic fractionation unrelated to its extraction efficiency but this fractionation was negligible.The comparative extraction of landfill leachate using SPE and LLE indicated SPE generally extracts slightly more of each compound from leachate than LLE. This relationship is stronger than for polar compounds. In addition, the δD composition of each compound prepared using SPE was with two standard deviations of the sample compound prepared using LLE, and the δ13C composition of each compound prepare using either method was mostly within two standard deviations.  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号