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第三纪的板块运动驱动着澳大利亚的气候和植被进行演化。广布的湿润森林区是澳 大利亚早第三纪的特征。一直到始新世,生物多样性都在不断地提高。毫无疑问,这是澳大利亚由高南纬区向北部中纬区运移的结果。从始新世到上新世,澳大利亚的气候总体上要比现在湿润,但降水量季节性变化的增强推动了中新世以后硬叶植物和旱生植物的发展。上新世晚期似乎与第四纪一样,都出现过周期性干旱。这种干旱与冰期条件有关,至少由南澳大利亚晚第四纪的记录可以认识到这一点,澳大利亚的这段历史与东亚的气候变迁是同步发生的。在东亚,印-澳板块的运动致使青藏高原抬升,从而引发了区内乃至全球气候的巨变。穿越赤道区的季风和信风的环流格局致使晚第三纪和第四纪中国与澳大利亚的气候系统的相关性更强。 相似文献
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第三纪的板块运动驱动着澳大利亚的气候和植被进行演化。广布的湿润森林区是澳大利亚早第三纪的特征。一直到始新世,生物多样性都在不断地提高。毫无疑问,这是澳大利亚由高南纬区向北部中纬区运移的结果。从始新世到上新世,澳大利亚的气候总体上要比现在湿润,但降水量季节性变化的增强推动了中新世以后硬叶植物和旱生植物的发展。上新世晚期似乎与第四纪一样,都出现过周期性干旱。这种干旱与冰期条件有关,至少由南澳大利亚晚第四纪的记录可以认识到这一点,澳大利亚的这段历史与东亚的气候变迁是同步发生的。在东亚,印一澳板块的运动致使青藏高原抬升,从而引发了区内乃至全球气候的巨变。穿越赤道区的季风和信风的环流格局致使晚第三纪和第四纪中国与澳大利亚的气候系统的相关性更强。 相似文献
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在我国辽阔的国土上, 分布着多样的自然地带, 从热带到寒温带, 有世界第一高原和西北干旱地区。 近代地质历史时期中的气候恶化, 始于晚第三纪。到上新世, 北半球普遍发生的气侯变冷已经相当深刻, 第四纪气候变冷, 只不过是这种前期恶化的继续。因此, 单就第四纪早期的气候恶化来说, 至少也应追溯到上新世。晚第三纪是第四纪的直接准备阶段, 其对于第四纪植被和古地理发展上的重要意义, 是不可忽视的。 相似文献
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柴达木盆地西部新生代气候与地形演变 总被引：24，自引：0，他引：24
从孢粉植物分异及演变，干旱碎屑及膏盐沉积分布等方面，对柴达木盆地西部新生代气候与地形的演变进行了探讨。结果表明，盆地西部新生代两个极端干燥气候期（膏盐发育期）分别出现在始新世至渐新世及上新世至第四纪。前者与老第三纪行星环流控制下的副热带干燥带有关，而后者与青藏高原的隆升有关。早第三纪盆地西部及周围地区的地势不象以前所认为的那么低平。在第三纪，昆仑山比祁连山低。晚新生代盆地向北推移了７－１１个纬距。 相似文献
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<正> 碱矿属于易溶盐类矿床,它的形成除了应具备一般盐类矿床地质背景外,还得有如下四个独特的条件:(1) 受构造控制的非海相内陆闭流盆地;(2) 盆地周边岩石为富钠火成岩、变质岩等岩类;(3) 干旱、半干旱与潮湿交替的气候条件;(4) 碱性沉积环境。目前,全世界已发现50多个碱矿,绝大多数为第四纪碱湖矿床。前第四纪的古碱矿,有早第三纪始新世的美国绿河、我国河南吴城和安棚,以及晚第三纪的土耳其贝帕扎勒安卡拉等。此外在我国洪泽、三水盆地的早第三纪始新世地层中也发现了含碱层位。到目前为 相似文献
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本文基于对我国新生代环境记录的分析,揭示出在早第三纪,气候带大致呈行星风系控制下的东西走向格局。东南部地区在渐新世开始湿润化,显示了东南季风的雏形,可称为雏形季风阶段。中新世中期东南和西南部显著湿润化,标志着东南和西南季风的形成,可称为成形季风阶段。中新世末和上新世形成的“红粘土”的风尘特性是冬季风和中国北方与中亚干旱化的重要标志。第四纪以来中国环境发生的重要转变表现为季风强度的变化与气候波动周期的改变。上述重大环境事件在时代上分别与两极冰盖的起源和演化以及东亚构造运动有较好的吻合性。我们认为,这种季风一冰盖一构造的耦合关系可能是通过不同机制共同作用的结果。 相似文献
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土壤是气候变化的长期记录者 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
气候是土壤形成的要素之一。反过来,从土壤及其风化壳可论证气候变迁。中国南方的红色风化壳是第四纪形成物。其上均质红色风化壳及红壤是晚更新世形成物,延续至今,而澳大利亚、非洲大陆红色风化壳是在第三纪的古陆上形成的,但现代土壤不少是气候变干旱后形成的。北欧、北美是12000a B.P.才从冰川下裸露成陆,形成了灰化土、泥炭土等。黄土层、火山灰下埋藏了多层古土壤,记录了第四纪气候的变迁。 相似文献
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研究了菲律宾海盆东北部“大洋钻探工程”１２５航次７８２Ａ孔晚始新世以来的放射虫化石。根据Ｓａｎｆｉｌｉｐｐｏ等１９８５年的分带,将研究区自下而上划分为１０个带。讨论了始新世与渐新世、渐新世与中新世、中中新世与晚中新世、中新世与上新世以及上新世与第四纪的界线。研究区存在两个沉积间断,分别位于晚渐新世与早中新世晚期之间和中中新世与晚中新世之间。研究区第四纪放射虫化石仍以暖水分子为主,冷水分子分布较浅。依据放射虫化石分异度曲线得出,晚第三纪以来本区存在５个相对暖水期和５个相对较凉期,渐新世时处于冷水期,这与钙质超微化石复合分异度和碳酸钙含量曲线的变化是一致的。晚渐新世与早中新世晚期之间的沉积间断是由于中新世南极冰盖扩展造成大洋底层洋流活动加剧而形成的。 相似文献
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Tertiary Calcareous Nannofossil Biostratigraphy in the North Part of the South China Sea 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The marine Tertiary sequence in the north part of the South China Sea may be divided into 18 LateOligocene to Pliocene calcareous nannofossil zones and one unnamed Eocene assemblage based on an analysisof calcareous nannofossils from 40 offshore boreholes. The unnamed Eocene assemblage has been found onlyon the northeast margin of the Zhujiangkou basin. The 18 cakareous nannofossil zones of the Late Oligoceneto Pliocene were deposited in succession, but their development degrees are different. Among the 18 calcareousnannofossil zones, those corresponding to Martini's (1971) NN4- NN5 zones, NN11 zone and NN13-NN15zones are well developed, relatively persistent laterally and also widely distributed. They are the importantmarkers for the stratigraphical subdivision and correlation of the Upper Tertiary between the various basins inthe north part of the South China Sea. Based on the calcareous nannofossils and the sedimentsry features coup-led with the foraminifer zonation in certain basins, the present paper discusses the sedimentary characteristicsof the marine Tertiary and as well as the distribution and development of the sedimentary hiatus in the region.The calcareous nannofossil markers for the Upper / Lower Tertiary and the Quaternary / Tertiary boundaries,and the characteristics and geological significance of the reworked calcareous nannofossils are also discussed inthe paper. 相似文献
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M. M. Mitchell B. P. Kohn P. B. O'Sullivan M. J. Hartley D. A. Foster 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2013,60(3):551-563
Apatite fission track results are reported for 26 outcrop samples from the Mt Painter Inlier, Mt Babbage Inlier and adjacent Neoproterozoic rocks of the northwestern Curnamona Craton of South Australia. Forward modelling of the data indicates that the province experienced variable regional cooling from temperatures >110°C during the Late Palaeozoic (Late Carboniferous to Early Permian). The timing of this cooling is similar to that previously reported from elsewhere in the Adelaide Fold Belt and the Curnamona Craton, suggesting that the entire region underwent extensive Late Palaeozoic cooling most likely related to the waning stages of the Alice Springs or Kanimblan Orogenies. Results from the Paralana Fault Zone indicate that the eastern margin of the Mt Painter Inlier experienced a second episode of cooling (～40–60°C) during the Paleocene to Eocene. The entire region also experienced significant cooling (less than ～40°C) during the Late Cretaceous to Palaeogene in response to unroofing and/or a decrease in geothermal gradient. Regional cooling/erosion during this time is supported by: geomorphological and geophysical evidence indicating Tertiary exhumation of at least 1 km; Eocene sedimentation initiated in basins adjacent to the Flinders and Mt Lofty Ranges sections of the Adelaide Fold Belt; and Late Cretaceous ‐ Early Tertiary cooling previously reported from apatite fission track studies in the Willyama Inliers and the southern Adelaide Fold Belt. Late Cretaceous to Palaeogene cooling is probably related to a change in stress field propagated throughout the Australian Plate, and driven by the initiation of sea‐floor spreading in the Tasman Sea in the Late Cretaceous and the Eocene global plate reorganisation. 相似文献
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The paper considers age, formation conditions, and tectonic setting of Upper Eocene olistostromes of the southern slope of the Greater Caucasus. The formation of olistostromes resulted from the contribution of coarse-clastic material to the Late Eocene basin, which was related to the erosion of thrusted sheets of the Racha–Vandam cordillera of the Gagra–Java zone of the southern slope of the Greater Caucasus and concomitant multiple catastrophic landslide processes. In the Early Pliocene (Rodanian folding phase), Upper Eocene olistostromes along with nappes of the flysch zone were thrust to the south. In the pre- Quaternary (Valakh) folding phase, due to intense shortening, olistostromes in the frontal part of nappes were squeezed, displaced to the north, and thrust with the formation of retro-overthrust, fragments of which remain as isolated blocks (klippen) inside the flysch zone. 相似文献
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中新生代辽河盆地的形成和发展受控于多期区域应力场变化。对构造现象、火山活动、层序充填型式等多种实际资料的分析表明：辽河盆地经历了侏罗纪末－白垩纪早期、古新世中后期、始新世中后期、中新世等右旋张扭应力场作用阶段，以及白垩纪晚期－古新世初期、始新世早中期、渐新世、上新世以来等左旋压扭应力场作用阶段。区域应力场变化可以用地球自转速度变化引起的岩石圈板块活动及触发的深部过程来解释，亦与先期构造形迹和盆地边界条件有关。不同区域应力场的转化不仅导致了盆地演化的旋回性，也为辽河盆地及其邻区中新生代多套含油气层系的形成奠定了物质基础。 相似文献
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内蒙古阿拉善地区的第三系及其动物群 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
笔者依据丰富翔实的资料,论述了该区第三地层的分布,区划,地层划分沿革,岩性,岩相古地理特征及地质演化史;在地层方面,首次在内蒙古西部建立了比较完整的第三纪地层序列;命名和划分了中始新统乌兰乌珠尔组,上始新统查干布拉格组。下渐新统乌兰塔塔尔组,上渐新统,下中新统乌尔较组,上中新统呼和好来组和上新统昂冈浩特组等６个地层单元,补充界定了查干布拉格组并将其时代厘定为晚始新世;在动物群方面,发现和命名了中始 相似文献
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Christopher S. Swezey 《Journal of African Earth Sciences》2009,53(3):89-121
This paper presents an overview of the Cenozoic stratigraphic record in the Sahara, and shows that the strata display some remarkably similar characteristics across much of the region. In fact, some lithologies of certain ages are exceptionally widespread and persistent, and many of the changes from one lithology to another appear to have been relatively synchronous across the Sahara. The general stratigraphic succession is that of a transition from early Cenozoic carbonate strata to late Cenozoic siliciclastic strata. This transition in lithology coincides with a long-term eustatic fall in sea level since the middle Cretaceous and with a global climate transition from a Late Cretaceous–Early Eocene “warm mode” to a Late Eocene–Quaternary “cool mode”. Much of the shorter-term stratigraphic variability in the Sahara (and even the regional unconformities) also can be correlated with specific changes in sea level, climate, and tectonic activity during the Cenozoic. Specifically, Paleocene and Eocene carbonate strata and phosphate are suggestive of a warm and humid climate, whereas latest Eocene evaporitic strata (and an end-Eocene regional unconformity) are correlated with a eustatic fall in sea level, the build-up of ice in Antarctica, and the appearance of relatively arid climates in the Sahara. The absence of Oligocene strata throughout much of the Sahara is attributed to the effects of generally low eustatic sea level during the Oligocene and tectonic uplift in certain areas during the Late Eocene and Oligocene. Miocene sandstone and conglomerate are attributed to the effects of continued tectonic uplift around the Sahara, generally low eustatic sea level, and enough rainfall to support the development of extensive fluvial systems. Middle–Upper Miocene carbonate strata accumulated in northern Libya in response to a eustatic rise in sea level, whereas Upper Miocene mudstone accumulated along the south side of the Atlas Mountains because uplift of the mountains blocked fluvial access to the Mediterranean Sea. Uppermost Miocene evaporites (and an end-Miocene regional unconformity) in the northern Sahara are correlated with the Messinian desiccation of the Mediterranean Sea. Abundant and widespread Pliocene paleosols are attributed to the onset of relatively arid climate conditions and (or) greater variability of climate conditions, and the appearance of persistent and widespread eolian sediments in the Sahara is coincident with the major glaciation in the northern hemisphere during the Pliocene. 相似文献