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1.
吉林蛟河地幔橄榄岩捕虏体的Sr-Nd-Hf-Os同位素特征与岩石圈地幔时代 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：2
吉林省蛟河市境内大石河新生代玄武岩中含有丰富的地幔橄榄岩包体,详细的岩石学与矿物学研究显示,这些包体的主要岩石类型为尖晶石二辉橄榄岩-方辉橄榄岩,未发现石榴石橄榄岩。岩相学及地球化学资料显示它们都是经历过熔体抽取而形成的岩石圈地幔残留。矿物平衡温度计算发现,本区的这些地幔橄榄岩包体来自地下40～60km 深度,且下部以二辉橄榄岩为主,而上部以贫单斜辉石的二辉橄榄岩和方辉橄榄岩为主,显示明显的岩石圈地幔分层现象。Sr-Nd-Hf 同位素资料反映这些地幔包体均表现为亏损性质,而 Re-Os 同位素资料确定上述岩石圈地幔形成于中元古代,明显老于上覆地壳的新元古宙时代,反映壳幔年龄上的解耦。因此我们推测,该区曾经历过华北克拉通类似的早期岩石圈地幔的整体丢失事件,然后形成于其它地区的中元古宙岩石圈地幔在本区增生。 相似文献
2.
辽宁宽甸地区上地幔岩石圈组成及热结构——来自地幔岩包体的信息 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
中更新世时期火山爆发形成的宽甸黄椅山碱性玄武岩中含有种类丰富的地幔岩包体,为研究该地区的上地幔组成及热结构提供了良好的条件。本文计算了地幔岩包体的平衡温压、岩石密度及弹性波速值。结果表明：该地区莫霍面埋深为35～38 km。38～65 km范围内普遍存在着尖晶石二辉橄榄岩,54～64 km为尖晶石辉石岩转变为石榴子石辉石岩的过渡带,石榴 子石二辉岩分布范围为54～75 km,推测75 km以下进入上地幔低速层。45～80 km范围内的热结构可表示为：t(℃)=847.17+1.557d+0.02235d2。 相似文献
3.
青藏东缘马关地幔岩包体的岩石学与矿物学研究 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4
对青藏东缘新生代马关地区高钾岩系中地幔岩包体的岩石学和矿物化学成分的研究表明:马关地幔岩包体属尖晶石相橄榄岩,岩石类型主要为尖晶石二辉橄榄岩,矿物组合为橄榄石(O l) 斜方辉石(O px) 单斜辉石(Cpx) 尖晶石(Sp l),含极少量金云母和角闪石。橄榄石以贵橄榄石为主,部分为镁橄榄石,其Fo值为89.72~90.47,M g#值为89.75~90.51;斜方辉石的En分子为88.00~89.59,M g#值为90.21~91.16,C r#值为3.31~6.23;单斜辉石主要为透辉石,少量为顽透辉石,成分上表现为高C a(wC aO=18.71%~20.78%)、高A l(wA l2O3=6.00%~7.30%)、高M g#值(89.93~91.57)和低C r#值(5.13~8.74);尖晶石为铬尖晶石,其w(C r2O3)为7.62%~12.88%。矿物化学成分指示:马关尖晶石二辉橄榄岩包体属A型包体,为低度熔融后的大陆地幔橄榄岩。温压估算表明,马关尖晶石相二辉橄榄岩包体的平衡温压分别为900℃~1 150℃和1.29 GPa~2.20 GPa(相当于地下深度45 km~71 km),其上地幔地温曲线与大洋地温曲线一致,显示马关地区岩石圈地幔具有很高的热流值,暗示青藏东缘及邻区于0~16 M a期间有热的软流圈地幔上涌,地幔上涌在构造上的响应即是青藏东缘乃至整个东亚地区区域性岩石圈的东-西向伸展。 相似文献
4.
吉林省伊通地区橄榄岩包体的同位素特征与岩石圈地幔时代 总被引：6，自引：2，他引：4
吉林省伊通新生代火山群中大孤山所伴生的东小山火山含有丰富的地幔橄榄岩包体,详细的岩石学和矿物学工作显示,这些包体的主要岩石类型为尖晶石二辉橄榄岩,含有少量的方辉橄榄岩和异剥橄榄岩。包体的结构类型多样,包括粒状变晶结构、碎斑状结构、糜棱结构和筛状变晶结构。主量元素及矿物化学资料表明,这些地幔橄榄岩包体大都比较饱满,说明其所经历的部分熔融程度较低。微量元素显示,包体在形成以后经受过不同程度地幔交代作用的影响。矿物平衡温度计算结果表明包体的平衡温度为989～1142℃,来源深度约为40～70km。Sr-Nd-Hf同位素资料反映二辉橄榄岩包体具有亏损地幔的特征。Re-Os同位素资料显示上述岩石圈地幔的主体形成于显生宙期间,少量具有中元古代Re亏损年龄的样品所代表的古老地幔与本区上覆地壳成因无关,可能是软流圈中固有的较古老的大陆岩石圈地幔。 相似文献
5.
胶东—苏北石榴石二辉橄榄岩形成条件及年代 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
在胶东—苏北地区,由石榴石二辉橄榄岩、尖晶石二辉橄榄岩、石榴石辉石岩、榴辉岩、斜辉辉橄岩和纯橄岩组成的杂岩成群和成带分布,延长590km。该岩带越过郯庐断裂带延伸至大别山,全长约1200km。岩带内石榴石二辉橄榄岩与尖晶石橄榄岩伴生,组成较大的岩块,并且与榴辉岩伴生,曾被作者确定为一种有层序的岩套。石榴石二辉橄榄岩的Sm-Nd同位素年龄为925±53Ma,矿物地质温度计和压力计表明其形成于115—160km深部,温度为800—1371℃。该石榴石二辉橄榄岩平衡温度和压力符合大陆地温线,而不同于中国东部沿海地区玄武岩中包体石榴石二辉橄榄岩,后者的平衡温度压力符合于大洋地温线。 相似文献
6.
甘肃好梯超镁铁煌斑岩中深源包体及巨晶 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
本文对甘肃好梯超镁铁煌斑岩中上地幔包体和巨晶进行了详细研究,结果表明本区尖晶石二辉橄榄岩包体来自大约62km深处,而石榴石二辉橄榄岩来自约92km深处。后者在岩相学、矿物学方面表现出明显的地幔交代作用特征,表明石榴石二辉橄榄岩为与寄主煌斑岩有关的成因包体。另外本区两种单斜辉石巨晶和橄榄石巨晶为高压结晶作用的产物。 相似文献
7.
五大连池火山岩带的地幔富集作用 总被引：9，自引：3，他引：6
小古里河-科洛-五大连池-二克山新生代火山岩带是一条富钾火山岩带,本文选择科洛荡子山新近纪的白榴碧玄岩和其中的方辉橄榄岩地幔包体和白榴霓霞岩岩浆包体为重点研究对象,通过岩相学和地球化学研究发现大量地幔交代的证据,从而认识到以方辉橄榄岩代表的岩石圈地幔在来自软流圈富含不相容元素的流体交代作用下,形成了富集地幔,白榴霓霞岩包体和富钾的火山岩则来自这类交代型地幔不同阶段部分熔融的岩浆,因此火山岩具有低Nd、低Pb和高Sr的同位素特征。富钾火山岩带的K2O／Na2O等值线图表明长400km,宽50km的幔源富钾的火山岩带是受新生代陆内NNW走向的裂谷控制。 相似文献
8.
新疆西克尔碧玄岩中的地幔橄榄岩包体 总被引：5，自引：4，他引：1
在新疆西克尔地区发现了尖晶石相橄榄岩包体。这些包体的寄主岩石为碧玄岩,其K-Ar同位素年龄为19.76～21.90 Ma。岩相学和矿物化学研究表明西克尔橄榄岩包体具有典型的岩石圈地幔橄榄岩包体的特征。利用矿物温压计对包体的平衡温压进行估算,发现西克尔地幔橄榄岩包体的平衡温压为736～1017℃和1.7～2.2GPa,与西南天山托云地区晚白垩纪火山岩中尖晶石二辉橄榄岩包体(平衡温压为818～1113℃和1.5～2.0GPa)相比,具有温度明显偏低,而压力明显偏高的特点。这说明西克尔地区的地幔橄榄岩包体没有受到地幔热异常事件的影响,因此可以代表塔里木板块岩石圈地幔的原始性质。这对于研究塔里木盆地岩石圈地幔的热结构和地球化学特征以及塔里木盆地内大量幔源岩浆的成因具有重要意义。 相似文献
9.
汉诺坝地区上地幔尖晶石—石榴石相转变带温压条件 总被引：8，自引：1，他引：7
根据汉诺坝尖晶石石榴石二辉辉石岩包体矿物成分新资料和前人的尖晶石石榴石二辉橄榄岩包体矿物成分资料,运用斜方辉石Ｃａ溶解度温度计和斜方辉石－石榴石Ａｌ分配压力计,计算了尖晶石—石榴石相转变带的温度和压力条件,首次获得了汉诺坝地区的新生代古地温曲线。尖晶石石榴石二辉辉石岩包体代表的温度范围为９３０～９７８℃,压力范围为１４２～１６５ＧＰａ：尖晶石石榴石二辉橄榄岩包体代表的温度范围为９９１～１１１０℃,压力范围为１５８～２１６ＧＰａ,与最新的实验结果基本吻合。地温曲线沿大洋地温曲线（曲线方程为ｔ＝２５２４＋８９７４７８ｐ－１８３０８ｐ２）上方近平行延伸。推测汉诺坝玄武岩的起源深度至少为７０ｋｍ。二辉辉石岩包体来自较冷的岩石圈,而二辉橄榄岩来自岩石圈与软流圈的过渡带,并且表明后者的地温梯度以对流热地温梯度为主。 相似文献
10.
11.
Apatite in the mantle: implications for metasomatic processes and high heat production in Phanerozoic mantle 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
The abundance of apatite in Phanerozoic mantle may be greatly underestimated. This study shows that apatite has a widespread occurrence in Phanerozoic lithospheric mantle and can be divided into two geochemically distinct types using halogen content, presence or absence of structural CO2, Sr and trace element (especially U, Th, and light rare earth) ratios and abundances, and association with either metasomatised mantle wall-rock peridotites (Apatite A) or high-pressure magmatic crystallisation products (Apatite B). Apatite A is inferred to result from metasomatism by CO2- and H2O-rich fluids derived from a primitive mantle source region, while Apatite B compositions are consistent with crystallisation from magmas within the carbonate–silicate compositional spectrum.
The presence of significant apatite in the lithospheric mantle is important not only for the geochemical budget but also for assessing heat production and heat flow in the mantle. The measured U and Th contents of mantle apatite average 60 and 200 ppm, respectively and 0.5% apatite would dominate heat production. Metasomatised mantle may also contain amphibole and mica with K2O and clinopyroxene with detectable U and Th. In lithospheric mantle with a thickness of 70 km, this abundance of apatite would result in mantle heat flow contribution of about 12 mW/m2, a significant proportion of the total “normal” mantle heat flow of about 18 mW/m2. 相似文献
12.
地幔地球化学研究综述 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
系统地介绍了近二十年来地幔地球化学在全球及区域地幔平均化学组成，地幔的化学不均一性及区域太产分布，地幔交代作用，化学地球动力学，地幔物理化学环境等五个方面的研究现状与进展。 相似文献
13.
Genesis and evolution of the lithospheric mantle beneath the Buffalo Head Terrane, Alberta (Canada) 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Mantle xenoliths and xenocrysts were retrieved from three of the 88–86 Ma Buffalo Hills kimberlites (K6, K11, K14) for a reconnaissance study of the subcontinental lithospheric mantle (SCLM) beneath the Buffalo Head Terrane (Alberta, Canada). The xenoliths include spinel lherzolites, one garnet spinel lherzolite, garnet harzburgites, one sheared garnet lherzolite and pyroxenites. Pyroxenitic and wehrlitic garnet xenocrysts are derived primarily from the shallow mantle and lherzolitic garnet xenocrysts from the deep mantle. Harzburgite with Ca-saturated garnets is concentrated in a layer between 135–165 km depth. Garnet xenocrysts define a model conductive paleogeotherm corresponding to a heat flow of 38–39 mW/m2. The sheared garnet lherzolite lies on an inflection of this geotherm and may constrain the depth of the lithosphere–asthenosphere boundary (LAB) beneath this region to ca 180 km depth.
A loss of >20% partial melt is recorded by spinel lherzolites and up to 60% by the garnet harzburgites, which may be related to lithosphere formation. The mantle was subsequently modified during at least two metasomatic events. An older metasomatic event is evident in incompatible-element enrichments in homogeneous equilibrated garnet and clinopyroxene. Silicate melt metasomatism predominated in the deep lithosphere and led to enrichments in the HFSE with minor enrichments in LREE. Metasomatism by small-volume volatile-rich melts, such as carbonatite, appears to have been more important in the shallow lithosphere and led to enrichments in LREE with minor enrichments in HFSE. An intermediate metasomatic style, possibly a signature of volatile-rich silicate melts, is also recognised. These metasomatic styles may be related through modification of a single melt during progressive interaction with the mantle. This metasomatism is suggested to have occurred during Paleoproterozoic rifting of the Buffalo Head Terrane from the neighbouring Rae Province and may be responsible for the evolution of some samples toward unradiogenic Nd and Hf isotopic compositions.
Disturbed Re–Os isotope systematics, evident in implausible model ages, were obtained in situ for sulfides in several spinel lherzolites and suggest that many sulfides are secondary (metasomatic) or mixtures of primary and secondary sulfides. Sulfide in one peridotite has unradiogenic 187Os/188Os and gives a model age of 1.89±0.38 Ga. This age coincides with the inferred emplacement of mafic sheets in the crust and suggests that the melts parental to the intrusions interacted with the lithospheric mantle.
A younger metasomatic event is indicated by the occurrence of sulfide-rich melt patches, unequilibrated mineral compositions and overgrowths on spinel that are Ti-, Cr- and Fe-rich but Zn-poor. Subsequent cooling is recorded by fine exsolution lamellae in the pyroxenes and by arrested mineral reactions.
If the lithosphere beneath the Buffalo Head Terrane was formed in the Archaean, any unambiguous signatures of this ancient origin may have been obliterated during these multiple events. 相似文献
14.
George Helffrich 《Tectonophysics》2006,416(1-4):23
Small-scale seismic heterogeneity exists at different levels in the lower mantle, and is detected by methods that analyze scattered–not direct–energy from natural and artificial sources. Its vertical distribution, association with subduction, and its ≤ 10-km characteristic scale length strongly suggest that it is chemical/petrological in nature and originally created by melting and differentiation during mid-ocean ridge formation. What is of interest is that the scale lengths of both upper and lower mantle seismic heterogeneity are similar, which supports the view of a common origin explored here. Unlike the lower mantle however, which is broadly homogeneous in structure, the upper mantle contains things that trap and impede the dispersal and re-mixing of heterogeneity: continental crust, lithosphere and cratonic roots. These probably control the depths, the longevity and the age of heterogeneities at shallow mantle levels, and suggest that heterogeneities observed in continental mantle lithosphere are probably old, trapped by the process that grows continental roots. Alternatively, if crustal heterogeneity is controlled by the details of a magmatic process, it must either be somehow continually renewed, for which there is no recognizable surface expression, or it must be depleted over time and the present is a time when, by luck, we may still witness it. 相似文献
15.
地幔交代作用：研究进展、问题及对策 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
有关地幔交代作用的研究始于７０年代早期。近２０年来研究工作的贡献是使人们对与地幔演化和不均一性有关的地幔交代作用特征和交代作用机制有了更多的了解。地幔交代作用很复杂，它取决于交代作用发生的时间、构造环境、交代介质的种类以及与不同深度地幔内各种地质事件有关的流体的组成。进一步深入开展有关交代作用成因、机制及其与各种地质事件关系的研究，对于深入认识岩石圈地幔的演化和不均一特征具有十分重要的意义。对不同构造环境中的不同包体类型进行深入研究，为地幔交代作用提供广泛约束。将传统的地质学、岩石学的研究与地球化学、地球物理学以及现代测试技术相结合，很可能为解决交代作用成因、机制及交代作用与岩浆作用之间的时间先后问题，交代作用与地质事件的关系问题提供有效的方法和途径。 相似文献
16.
Spinel lherzolite xenoliths from Tertiary basaltic host magmas at Allyn River, eastern Australia reveal two distinct petrographic and geochemical types. One group is distinguished by xenoliths with undeformed, equilibrated microstructures and interstitial melt patches; The second group shows deformation and contains abundant fluid inclusions but no melt patches. Trace-element signatures of clinopyroxene in these xenoliths provide evidence for metasomatism by a silicate agent with hydrous component and by a carbonate-rich agent respectively.
Melt patches in the undeformed xenoliths contain secondary minerals including clinopyroxene, olivine, feldspar, Mg- and Ca-rich carbonate, apatite, ilmenite and spinel. They are interpreted to represent volatile-rich melt captured shortly prior to entrainment in the host basalt. Sulfide globules, now recrystallised to discrete sulfide phases but inferred to be molten at lithospheric mantle T and P, are closely associated with the melt patches. The close association between sulfide and highly mobile, volatile-bearing fluid has important implications for the mobility of Re and Os, the use of their isotopes in dating mantle events, and the possible effect of volatile-bearing metasomatic agents on their composition. 相似文献
17.
地幔交代作用：研究进展、问题及对策 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
有关地幔交代作用的研究始于７０年代早期。近２０年来研究工作的贡献是使人们对与地幔演化和不均一性有关的地幔交代作用特征和交代作用机制有了更多的了解，地幔交作用很复杂，它取决于交代作用发生的时间、构造环境、交代介质的种类以及与不同深度地幔内各种地质事件有关的流体的组成。进一步深入开发有关交代作用成因、机制及其与各种地质事件关系的研究，对于深入认识岩石圈地幔的演化和不均一特征具有十分重要的意义。对不同构 相似文献
18.
Influence of supercontinents on deep mantle flow 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
The assembly of supercontinents should impact mantle flow fields significantly, affecting the distribution of subduction, upwelling plumes, lower mantle chemical heterogeneities, and thus plausibly contributing to voluminous volcanism that is often associated with their breakup. Alternative explanations for this volcanism include insulation by the continent and thus elevated subcontinental mantle temperatures. Here we model the thermal and dynamic impact of supercontinents on Earth-like mobile-lid convecting systems. We confirm that insulating supercontinents (over 3000 km extent) can impact mantle temperatures, but show the scale of temperature anomaly is significantly less for systems with strongly temperature-dependent viscosities and mobile continents. Additionally, for continents over 8000 km, mantle temperatures are modulated by the development of small-scale convecting systems under the continent, which arise due to inefficient lateral convection of heat at these scales. We demonstrate a statistically robust association between rising plumes supercontinental interiors for a variety of continental configurations, driven largely by the tendency of subducting slabs to lock onto continental margins. The distribution of slabs also affects the spatial positioning of deep mantle thermochemical anomalies, which demonstrate stable configurations in either the sub-supercontinent or intraoceanic domains. We find externally forced rifting scenarios unable to generate significant melt rates, and thus the ultimate cause of supercontinent breakup related volcanism is probably related to dynamic continental rifting in response to mantle reconfiguration events. 相似文献
19.
Stability and dynamics of the continental tectosphere 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Continental cratons overlie thick, high-viscosity, thermal and chemical boundary layers, where the chemical boundary layers are less dense than they would be due to thermal effects alone, perhaps because they are depleted in basaltic constituents. If the continental tectosphere is the same age as the overlying Archaean crust, then the continental tectosphere must be able to survive for several billion years without undergoing a convective instability, despite being both cold and thick. Since platforms and shields correlate only weakly with Earth's gravity and geoid anomalies, acceptable models of the continental tectosphere must also satisfy this gravity constraint. We investigate the long-term stability of the continental tectosphere by carrying out a number of numerical convection experiments within a two-dimensional Cartesian domain. We initiate our experiments with a tectosphere (thermal and chemical boundary layers) immersed in a region of uniform composition, temperature, and viscosity, and consider the effects on the stability of the tectosphere of (1) activation energy (used to define the temperature dependence of viscosity), (2) compositional buoyancy, and (3) linear or non-linear rheology. The large lateral thermal gradients required to match oceanic and tectosphere structures initiate the dominant instability, a “drip” which develops at the side of the tectosphere and moves to beneath its center. High activation energies and high background viscosities restrict the amount and rate of entrainment. Compositional buoyancy does not significantly change the flow pattern. Rather, compositional buoyancy slows the destruction process somewhat and reduces the stress within the tectosphere. With a non-Newtonian rheology, this reduction in stress helps to stiffen the tectosphere. In these experiments, dynamical systems that adequately model the present ocean-continent structures have activation energy E*≥180 kJ mole−1 — a value about one third the estimate of activation energy for olivine, E*≈520 kJ mole−1. Although for E*≈520 kJ mole−1, compositional buoyancy is not required for the tectosphere to survive, the joint application of longevity and gravity constraints allows us to reject all models not containing compositional buoyancy, and to predict that the ratio of compositional to thermal buoyancy within the continental tectosphere is approximately unity. 相似文献
20.
Must magmatic intrusion in the lower crust produce reflectivity? 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The Færoe–Iceland Ridge (FIR) provides a laboratory in which to investigate the reflectivity and velocity structure of thick crust generated above a mantle plume in order to constrain models of underplating and the origins of lower-crustal layering in an environment dominated by young igneous processes. Over 600 km of common midpoint (cmp) data were collected along and across the FIR using a large airgun array with a 240-channel streamer. The interpretation of these data has been integrated with a velocity model of the crust and upper mantle along the FIR obtained from wide-angle seismic arrivals into ocean bottom and land seismometers. Due to the intermediate water depths and the presence of basalt near the water bottom, specialized processing steps were required for the cmp data. A wave equation-based multiple attenuation scheme was applied to the prestack data, which used a forward model of the multiple series to predict and attenuate multiple energy. Array simulations were applied in the shot and receiver domains in order to minimize spatial aliasing and reduce low apparent-velocity noise. Most of the sections over the central (oceanic) portion of the FIR show no pronounced reflectivity, although occasional Moho and/or lower-crustal reflections are observed. We believe that the poor reflectivity results largely from a lack of physical property contrasts rather than being an effect of acquisition or processing, although we also conclude that residual energy from strong multiple reflection remains in the final sections. Amplitude decay and reflection strength vary along the FIR, but there is good signal-to-noise ratio to travel times of at least 9 s (i.e., into the lower crust), implying that the reduced reflectivity beneath the main part of the FIR is not an artifact of signal penetration loss. We conclude that the addition of melt to the lower crust along the trace of the plume apparently did not produce strong physical property contrasts in the lower crust, where little reflectivity is apparent. Perhaps this was because the entire crust was hot at the time of formation. In contrast, igneous intrusion into preexisting continental crust (at the Færoe Islands end of the FIR) and into older igneous crust (at the Iceland end of the FIR) produces significant lower-crustal reflectivity. Strong lower-crustal reflectivity elsewhere beneath the northwestern European continental margins may have a similar intrusive origin. 相似文献