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1.
乌尼特坳陷属于二连盆地五大坳陷之一,内部发育一系列地堑、半地堑,主要充填地层为下白垩统。坳陷基底由晚古生代复式向斜及二连-贺根山混杂岩带(Pz_2)组成。乌尼特坳陷早白垩世断陷结构和分布组合与基底构造紧密相关。复式向斜断陷带基底为北东向、北北东向晚古生代复式向斜,受基底控制早白垩世发育一系列北东向、北北东向断陷。断陷带北部主干断层向深部延伸时受复式向斜构造层韧性伸展变形影响而在浅层滑脱,形成浅而宽阔的断陷,主要为并联式组合。断陷带南部终止于混杂岩带并与之斜交,主干断层向深部延伸时受混杂岩带伸展走滑构造变形影响而在浅层滑脱,形成浅而狭长的断陷,主要为斜列式组合。二连-贺根山混杂岩断陷带基底为混杂岩带,受基底控制早白垩世发育一系列北东向、北北东向断陷。断陷主干断层向深部延伸时受以伸展为主的构造变形影响而在混杂岩深层滑脱,形成深而狭长的断陷,以串联或并联式组合。 相似文献
2.
二连盆地早白垩世断陷分布及其与基底构造的关系 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
二连盆地下白垩统充填在一系列NE-NNE向正断层控制的(复式)地堑、半地堑断陷中,具有陆内裂陷盆地特征。盆地内部的早白垩世断陷以不同方式连接在一起构成3个不同走向的裂陷带(马尼特—乌兰察布正向裂陷带、乌尼特—乌兰察布斜向裂陷带和川井—腾格尔斜向裂陷带),裂陷带周边隆起区也有零星的地堑、半地堑断陷分布。二连盆地的基底经历了加里东期、海西期、印支期和早燕山期多期构造演化,表现为褶皱与基底断裂构成的强变形带和岩浆岩体、微小陆块等弱变形域镶嵌排列、构造线方向多变的不均一特点。二连盆地早白垩世断陷的构造样式和空间分布与基底构造密切相关,基底强变形带发育大量的断陷构成裂陷带,基底弱变形区只发育有零星的断陷。受基底强变形带走向的影响,不同裂陷带的断陷组合形式表现出差异性。马尼特—乌兰察布裂陷带上叠在走向由NE向转为NEE向、向南凸出的东乌珠穆沁—二连弧形褶皱带上,早白垩世断陷多表现为串联、小角度斜列复合型式,属于正向裂陷带;乌尼特裂陷带上叠在NEE向的二连—贺根山深大断裂带(混杂岩带)之上,川井—腾格尔裂陷带上叠在近EW向的温都尔庙—西拉木伦深大断裂带(缝合带)及两侧褶皱带上,裂陷带内部的早白垩世断陷多表现为并联、中—大角度斜列复合型式,属于斜向裂陷带。正向裂陷带内部的早白垩世断陷多为深而狭长的地堑、半地堑,斜向裂陷带内部的早白垩世断陷多为浅而宽阔的地堑、半地堑。上述特征表明二连盆地早白垩世裂陷的分布及其构造样式受基底构造控制。 相似文献
3.
陆内裂陷盆地通常发育大量地堑、半地堑,盆地结构和构造样式受盆地内部地堑、半地堑的叠加与复合方式的影响。文中将由多条断层、不同期次的断层共同控制的断陷称为"复式断陷"。依据同一时期断陷复合构成的盆地结构可以将复式断陷划分为串联式、并联式、斜列式和交织式等4种复合型式,依据不同时期断陷叠加构成的盆地样式可以划分为继承型、利用型、新生型3种叠加类型。海-塔盆地在早白垩世最初是发育大量相对分隔的小型地堑、半地堑,随着地壳渐进的伸展构造变形,多个同期小型半地堑复合在一起形成相对大的断陷(相当于铜钵庙组沉积期)。在早白垩世中期(相当于南屯组沉积期),新发育的断陷叠置在早先发育的断陷之上,最终形成了盆地中的17个区域规模的复式断陷。海-塔盆地早白垩世的断陷复合和叠加过程直接影响沉积盆地的油气成藏条件。并联式、交织式复合和继承型、利用型叠合形成的复式断陷有利于优质烃源岩的发育,断陷复合过程中的构造变换带有利于优质储集层的发育,长期活动的基底断裂及相关构造带有利于形成含油气构造带。 相似文献
4.
冀中坳陷的伸展构造系统及其构造背景 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：4
冀中坳陷主要发育在古近纪,是渤海湾盆地西北部的一个典型的半地堑群,以发育古潜山油气藏著称于世。本文在地震剖面分析基础上,建立了冀中坳陷的伸展构造系统。该系统以大兴、保定—石家庄拆离滑脱断层为主体,与牛东—河东、马西、宁晋、新河等伸展断层以及徐水—安新变换带和衡水、宝坻—桐柏镇变换断层等组合而成。最后,探讨了伸展构造系统发育的深部构造背景及其与太行山变质核杂岩之间成因上可能的联系。 相似文献
5.
丽水-椒江凹陷是晚白垩世以来发展起来的大陆边缘裂陷盆地.本文利用平衡剖面技术恢复计算了丽水-椒江凹陷不同构造部位各裂陷伸展期的盆地伸展量、伸展系数和伸展率.研究表明:研究区晚白垩世至古新世裂陷作用具有"幕式"渐进发展的特征,可划分为三个裂陷伸展期:早期(晚白垩世)的断陷主要由相对分散、独立的小断陷组成,控制半地堑凹陷的主断层主要以书斜式(domino-style)为主;中、晚期(古新世)的断陷由相互连通的半地堑凹陷组成,其主干断层以犁状(listric)或坡坪状(ramp-flat)正断层为特征.研究区不同构造部位其水平伸展率不同,表现为水平伸展量由南西向北东由大变小的特征,最大伸展期亦表现为由南西向北东变晚的规律. 相似文献
6.
在陆内裂陷盆地中,复式断陷的边界控陷断层具有分段生长的特征,通过古断距回剥技术利用最大断距相减法,对松辽盆地长岭早白垩世复式断陷群东部的5个断陷边界控陷断层形成演化历史进行恢复。得到各边界控陷断层形成均经历"孤立分段"—"软连接"—"硬连接"3个演化阶段,最终形成一条统一的边界控陷断层,即沿边界控陷断层走向多个次级断陷复合最终形成统一的断陷特点。但各个边界控陷断层分段生长演化历史具有差异性。这对复式断陷内油气聚集成藏具有十分重要的地质意义:边界控陷断层的分段生长控制复式断陷的复合时期,进而控制着不同时期有效烃源岩的分布范围;边界控陷断层分段生长的连接部位对火山岩与碎屑岩储层发育均有控制作用;各个次级断陷在复合过程中形成的古隆起往往是油气聚集的有利部位。 相似文献
7.
内容提要：在陆内裂陷盆地中,复式断陷的边界控陷断层具有分段生长的特征,通过古断距回剥技术利用最大断距相减法,对松辽盆地长岭早白垩世复式断陷群东部的5个断陷边界控陷断层形成演化历史进行恢复。得到各边界控陷断层形成均经历“孤立分段”—“软连接”—“硬连接”3个演化阶段,最终形成一条统一的边界控陷断层,即沿边界控陷断层走向多个次级断陷复合最终形成统一的断陷特点。但各个边界控陷断层分段生长演化历史具有差异性。这对复式断陷内油气聚集成藏具有十分重要的地质意义：边界控陷断层的分段生长控制复式断陷的复合时期,进而控制着不同时期有效烃源岩的分布范围;边界控陷断层分段生长的连接部位对火山岩与碎屑岩储层发育均有控制作用;各个次级断陷在复合过程中形成的古隆起往往是油气聚集的有利部位。 相似文献
8.
科洛杂岩出露于黑龙江省嫩江县大兴安岭北段,构造解析指示其为一大型伸展滑脱构造,整体反映杂岩体向南东伸展滑脱的特征。依据杂岩体显微构造特征,推测科洛地区伸展滑脱变形带变形温度约为300～450 ℃。滑脱带中变形花岗片麻岩样品中黑云母单矿物的 40Ar/39Ar 年龄为118.39～117.37 Ma,指示伸展滑脱带形成时代为早白垩世晚期。结合大兴安岭地区中生代岩浆活动特征和南北变质核杂岩对比研究,认为大兴安岭整体经历了早白垩世中晚期的快速隆升,形成一系列变质核杂岩,发育大规模伸展变形作用,与松辽盆地坳陷期具有良好的耦合关系。 相似文献
9.
冀中坳陷中区中生代中晚期大型拆离滑覆构造的确定 总被引：8，自引：2，他引：6
晚侏罗世至早白垩世 ,太行地区受区域热构造事件的影响 ,燕山期的岩浆活动达到高潮 ,并由此引发了阜平、赞皇变质核杂岩的强烈拱升及浅层的侧向伸展拆离作用 ,在阜平变质核杂岩东侧的冀中坳陷中区形成了西部伸展而东部挤压的有机相连、有序发展的拆离滑覆构造体系 ,波及宽度达 1 5 0km。其后缘伸展区表现为变质核杂岩内的韧性剪切带、盖层内的拆离伸展断层及伴随的断陷盆地 ;而前缘挤压区形成叠瓦状逆冲推覆构造体系 ;介于二者之间的中部过渡带构造变形相对较弱 相似文献
10.
露头区野外地质调查、隐伏区地质与地球物理资料研究表明,晚中生代-新生代鲁西隆起区和济阳坳陷区正断层发育,包括陡倾斜的控凹边界断层和缓倾斜的滑脱断层两类,两者构成伸展滑脱半地堑,且滑脱构造在隆起北部和坳陷南部最发育。K Ar和FT测年结果指示伸展断层的发育时间为176~103 Ma、67～49 Ma和42～25 Ma 3个时期。隆起区、坳陷区陡断层分别在中地壳22 km 和15 km左右变平,成为拆离滑脱断层。构造物理模拟表明,在伸展＋塑性物质上涌机制下隆起区和坳陷区正断层均具有由南向北的发育极性,大致对应中侏罗世-早白垩世、古新世-早始新世、中始新世-渐新世3个发育阶段,且伴随控凹断层发育的同时,断块掀斜引起滑脱断层同步发育。层析成像表明中生代早期扬子板块沿作为转换断层的郯庐断裂以近EW向与华北板块俯冲的残留体可能导致晚中生代地幔物质上涌,新生代地幔上涌则可能与太平洋板块与欧亚板块俯冲及印欧板块碰撞的远程效应有关。研究区正断层受控于地幔物质上涌+伸展作用,以齐河-广饶断层为界呈前展式分别由南向北发育,并控制着坳陷区油气的形成、运聚和分布向北迁移。 相似文献
11.
《Journal of Structural Geology》2001,23(2-3):455-472
The Aegean region constitutes the overriding plate of the Africa–Eurasia convergent plate system, in the eastern Mediterranean. To explain the fault kinematics and tectonic forces that controlled rift evolution in the Aegean area, we present fault-slip data from about 900 faults, and summarise the structural analyses of five key structural “provinces”. Five regional tectonic maps are used as the basis for a new stress map for the Aegean region and for discussions on regional geodynamics.Since the Late Miocene, the central Aegean has been affected by WNW- and NE-trending faults which transfer the motion of the Anatolian plate to the southwest, synchronous with arc-normal pull acting on the boundary of the Aegean plate. At the same time, the Hellenic Peninsula has suffered moderate extension by NW-trending grabens formed due to collapse of the Hellenic mountain chain.During intense extension in the southern Aegean in the Plio-Quaternary the arcuate shape of the Hellenic Trench was established. Arc-normal pull in the Aegean plate margin, combined with transform resistive forces along the Hellenic subduction gave rise to widespread strike-slip and oblique-normal faults in the eastern segment and moderate oblique extension in the western segment of the arc. To the north, subduction involves more continental crust and consequently the push of subduction is transmitted to the overriding plate (Hellenic Peninsula), resulting in the formation of NE-trending grabens. WNW-trending grabens in this area are considered to have propagated westward from the Aegean Sea to the Ionian Sea during Plio-Quaternary times, probably acting as pull-apart structures between stable Europe and the rapidly extending southern Aegean area. 相似文献
12.
《Journal of African Earth Sciences》2000,30(3):569-578
The seismically active Okavango Rift in northwestern Botswana is probably the southern extension of the East Africa Rift System. Relief is low and many of the geomorphic features of the incipient rift are subtle. The northeast-southwest trending Kunyere and Thamalakane Faults form the southeastern boundary of the rift. Proterozoic structural fabrics of similar trend, belonging to the Ghanzi-Chobe Belt, control the regional trend of the primary Cenozoic fault set of the rift. Geophysical evidence indicates that these are dominantly normal faults forming boundaries to northeast-southwest trending strips of horsts, grabens and half grabens. Two other major sets trend northwest-southeast and north-south. The northwest-southeast set occurs within the interfault strips of the major northeast-southwest trending faults. The latter act as local transfer faults forming boundaries to stress domains within which the secondary northwest-southeast trending faults are produced. Remote sensing imagery shows a weakly developed north-south set that is spatially associated with, and truncated by the northwest-southeast set. The whole fault system probably produces predominantly dip-slip displacements on multiple fault sets responding to a subcontinental east- west extension. 相似文献
13.
Extension in the Afar depression occurs on steeply dipping normal faults of many scales. An estimate for cumulative extension can be derived by summing the heave of these faults using digital topographic data, supplemented by field observations of fault dip. If it can be established that the distribution of faults exhibits self-similarity, an estimate of the contribution from faults too small to appear on the digital imagery can be incorporated into the integrated estimate for cumulative extension. A field study of faulting was undertaken within the Dobe and Guma grabens of Central Afar. A fractal dimension of 0.48 was obtained for the measured population of fault throws (n = 92) in 3 traverses totaling 42 km, a value interpreted to represent the dominant contribution to extension from faults with large throw. The local extension rate across Guma graben is estimated to be between 0.06 and 0.24 mm/year. The higher topographic position of the floor of Guma graben, relative to the sediment filled, adjacent floors of Dobe and Immino grabens is perhaps an indication of a slower rate of extension across Guma graben as compared to Dobe and Immino grabens, assuming they all initiated at the same time. 相似文献
14.
张八岭隆起广泛分布的平缓韧性剪切带与郯庐断裂带平移作用形成的陡立韧性剪切带明显不同。通过对平缓韧性剪切带的几何学、运动学分析,结合早白垩世盆地特征、中国东部变质核杂岩伸展拆离断层和同构造岩浆岩同位素定年结果,厘定出张八岭隆起早白垩世变质核杂岩。该变质核杂岩上盘由南华纪-奥陶纪沉积地层和早白垩世盆地组成,下盘为新元古代浅变质碎屑沉积岩、变海相火山岩（基底）以及早白垩世侵入岩,上下盘之间被一条主伸展拆离断层所分隔。变质核杂岩长轴为NE-SW向,指示构造反映上盘向SE剪切滑动,与中国东部变质核杂岩的伸展方向完全一致。通过本次变质核杂岩的厘定,结合野外地质事实,笔者认为管店-马厂断裂是郯庐断裂带的次级断裂,是对郯庐断裂带早白垩世末第三次左行平移的响应。在综合研究的基础上,建立了区域构造-岩浆-成矿关系模型,揭示了张八岭隆起早白垩世经历了早期伸展（变质核杂岩阶段）-挤压走滑（管店-马厂断裂形成阶段）-晚期伸展（闪长质脉岩侵位阶段）3个构造阶段,多期构造、岩浆的叠加作用下,形成了本区的金多金属矿产。 相似文献
15.
Linked fault systems identified in the northern portion of the onshore Perth basin comprise north‐striking normal faults, the dominant structures in the basin, and hard linkages—east‐striking transfer faults. The former are either divided into segments of distinctive character by, or terminate at, the transfer faults. The fault systems were initiated by west‐southwest‐east‐northeast extension in the Early Permian but were reactivated by subsequent rifting with approximately east‐west extension in the Jurassic. They were also reactivated by the oblique extension of northwest‐southeast orientation associated with Gondwana continental breakup in the Late Jurassic ‐ earliest Cretaceous. In addition to reactivation, older structures of the linked fault families controlled the development of younger fractures and folds. During the oblique extension, the linked fault systems define releasing bends, characterised by a rollover anticline in the hangingwall of the Mountain Bridge Fault, and restraining bends where contractional folds are sites of major commercial hydrocarbon fields in the basin. 相似文献
16.
In many extensional provinces, large normal faults dip in the same direction forming fault domains. Features variously named transfer faults, transfer zones, and accommodation zones (hereafter non-genetically referred to as fault-domain boundaries) separate adjacent fault domains. Experimental modeling of distributed extension provides insights on the origin, geometry, and evolution of these fault domains and fault-domain boundaries. In our scaled models, a homogeneous layer of wet clay or dry sand overlies a latex sheet that is stretched orthogonally or obliquely between two rigid sheets. Fault domains and fault-domain boundaries develop in all models in both map view and cross-section. The number, size, and arrangement of fault domains as well as the number and orientation of fault-domain boundaries are variable, even for models with identical boundary conditions. The fault-domain boundaries in our models differ profoundly from those in many published conceptual models of transfer/accommodation zones. In our models, fault-domain boundaries are broad zones of deformation (not discrete strike-slip or oblique-slip faults), their orientations are not systematically related to the extension direction, and they can form spontaneously without any prescribed pre-existing zones of weakness. We propose that fault domains develop because early-formed faults perturb the stress field, causing new nearby faults to dip in the same direction (self-organized growth). As extension continues, faults from adjacent fault domains propagate toward each another. Because opposite-dipping faults interfere with one another in the zone of overlap, the faults stop propagating. In this case, the geometry of the domain boundaries depends on the spatial arrangement of the earliest formed faults, a result of the random distribution of the largest flaws at which the faults nucleate. 相似文献
17.
依据区域构造层次划分,采用构造筛分法,层层深入,层层筛分,确定发生于各个不同时代地层/岩层内的断裂活动的同期及叠加的应力场特征。综合所有的同期应力场特征及辅以叠加的应力场特征来验证,从而确定了一个连续的、完整的断裂活动的应力场演化序列;结合区域构造变形特征分析,阐明郯庐断裂带(安徽段)的构造演化。应力场分析显示:晚三叠-早侏罗世应力场为北北西—南南东或近南北向挤压,属古特提斯构造域,断裂发生同造山走滑;早白垩世早期,应力场为北西—南东向挤压,断裂发生左行走滑运动,中国东部处于西环太平洋构造域;早白垩世晚期—古新世(始新世),区域发生北西—南东向伸展作用,断裂处于伸展断陷作用阶段;新生代,受区域上近东西向的挤压作用影响,断裂发生挤压逆冲兼右行走滑作用。 相似文献