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1.
溶地下水脆弱性评价“二元法”及其在重庆金佛山的应用 总被引：12，自引：4，他引：8
岩溶地下水脆弱性评价是基于保护岩溶含水层从而有效地管理和利用地下水提出的有效方法和手段。我国西南岩溶区极大多数地区缺少应有的地下水保护带,地下水比较容易受到污染。本文论述了一种脆弱性的评价的简单方法— —基于径流特征和覆盖层厚度的二元法,并利用该法对重庆金佛山典型岩溶区进行了地下水脆弱性评价。结果表明,药池坝洼地和生态石林区脆弱性较高。究其原因,尽管药池坝洼地底部土壤层覆盖较厚,但存在地表径流集中排向落水洞,生态石林分布区地表裂隙、溶沟发育,可直接接受雨水入渗,因而污染物极易通过降雨和地表径流过程进入含水层。这一方法输入数据量小,对岩溶含水层普遍适用,为地下水资源可持续利用和土地利用管理提供了强有力的工具。 相似文献
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青木关岩溶槽谷地下水水源地固有脆弱性评价 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
岩溶地下水脆弱性评价是基于保护岩溶含水层从而有效地管理和利用地下水提出的有效方法和手段。我国西南岩溶区大多数地区缺少应有的地下水保护带,地下水比较容易受到污染。通过采用改进的斯洛文尼亚模式,考虑四个因子:覆盖层(O)、径流特征(C)、降雨条件(P)、岩溶发育程度(K),对重庆市青木关岩溶槽谷地下水水源地的固有脆弱性进行了定量评价。结果表明:流域范围内12.6%为高脆弱性地区;43%为中等脆弱性;44.4%为低脆弱性区域。消水洞及周边100m和消水河及其两边10m,以及岩溶管道发育地区为高脆弱性区。大部分岩溶区为中等脆弱性区。砂岩地区为低脆弱性地区。评价结果与实际吻合。该评价结果为各级决策部门合理规划利用和保护地下水资源提供简单明了的科学依据。该方法对于川东岩溶槽谷地区脆弱性评价有推广价值。 相似文献
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地下水脆弱性评价是区域地下水资源管理和保护的重要手段之一,针对娘子关泉域岩溶水的特殊性,基于欧洲脆弱性评价方法,选择包气带厚度、入渗补给量、包气带岩性、岩溶含水层的导水性能(泉水响应)四个因子,采用模糊综合评价法评价地下水脆弱性,并且绘制地下水脆弱性分区图。评价结果表明,极易污染区主要分布在娘子关泉群出露的地区,即泉源处;极难污染区主要分布在盂县—阳泉—平定—昔阳—和顺一带以西地区,寿阳县大部分地区。评价结果在合理制定保护娘子关泉域方面具有一定的参考价值。 相似文献
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基于改进的DRASTIC模型对香溪河典型岩溶流域地下水脆弱性评价 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
南方岩溶流域的地表水与地下水转换频繁,地下水环境对人类活动响应敏感,地下水环境脆弱。为探索岩溶流域地下水脆弱性评价的方法,以岩溶流域为评价对象,选取植被覆盖率、地形坡度、土壤类型、地下水水位埋深、地下水补给模数、土地利用类型6个指标,通过改进DRASTIC模型的评价指标体系,建立了基于VTSDRL模型的岩溶流域地下水脆弱性评价指标体系。以香溪河岩溶流域地下水为例,利用层次分析法计算了评价指标权重,基于地理信息系统的叠加分析功能对香溪河岩溶流域地下水脆弱性进行了定量评价。结果表明:香溪河岩溶流域地下水脆弱性以中等脆弱区为主,占比达到86.6%;地下水补给模数和土地利用类型对地下水脆弱性的影响作用最强,地下水脆弱性高的区域主要分布于溶丘洼地区,其面临农业活动污染的风险最大。该研究可为我国南方岩溶流域地下水脆弱性评价和岩溶水资源保护提供参考。 相似文献
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煤炭开采条件下三姑泉域岩溶含水层保护评价 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
三姑泉域是我国典型的北方岩溶区,同时位于国家规划的晋东大型煤炭基地,煤炭开采与水资源保护之间的问题较为突出。多年来区内煤炭资源的大规模开采造成了区域地下水位下降、水质恶化等现象。因此开展北方岩溶区煤炭基地含水层保护评价对水资源保护及经济可持续发展具有十分重要的意义。本文从含水层脆弱性、含水层功能和煤炭开采影响力三方面建立综合评价指标体系,采用APH法进行三姑泉域岩溶含水层综合保护评价。针对煤炭基地特征,采用增加了煤炭采空区指标的COP修正模型评价了含水层的脆弱性。含水层功能评价分别从供水能力与生态、大泉维持能力开展;煤炭开采影响力评价从开采活动及煤炭地质结构两方面开展。综合评价结果显示需要重点保护的区段为岩溶大泉、水源地及地表渗漏段,其次为岩溶强径流带及煤炭剧烈开采区,与实际情况相符。 相似文献
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在黑河市地下水环境开发利用状况及污染情况调查的基础上,开展了该市地下水污染特征及分布规律研究.根据研究区的具体情况,选取影响地下水脆弱性的地下水埋深、地下水净补给量、含水层介质、土壤介质、地形坡度、包气带介质和水力传导系数7个参数作为评价因子,建立黑河市地下水脆弱性评价DRASTIC指标体系和评价标准,并结合MapGIS软件实现了地下水脆弱性等级分布图及地下水保护防治区划的定量化及数字化.结果表明：该区地下水脆弱性等级为Ⅲ-Ⅳ级,表明地下水容易受到污染.根据评价结果对该区进行地下水资源保护分区,并提出了防治措施. 相似文献
11.
Modified DRASTIC assessment for intrinsic vulnerability mapping of karst aquifers: a case study 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
Groundwater in karstic aquifers can be dangerously sensitive to contamination. In this paper, DRASTIC assessment was modified
and applied, for the first time, to address the intrinsic vulnerability for karst aquifers. The theoretical weights of two
of DRASTIC’s parameters (aquifer media and hydraulic conductivity) were modified through sensitivity analysis. Two tests of
sensitivity analyses were carried out: the map removal and the single parameter sensitivity analyses. The modified assessment
was applied for the karst aquifers underlying Ramallah District (Palestine) as a case study. The aquifer vulnerability map
indicated that the case study area is under low, moderate and high vulnerability of groundwater to contamination. The vulnerability
index can assist in the implementation of groundwater management strategies to prevent degradation of groundwater quality.
The modified DRASTIC assessment has proven to be effective because it is relatively straightforward, use data that are commonly
available or estimated and produces an end product that is easily interpreted. 相似文献
12.
Water vulnerability assessment in karst environments: a new method of defining protection areas using a multi-attribute approach and GIS tools (EPIK method) 总被引：42，自引：12，他引：30
Groundwater resources from karst aquifers play a major role in the water supply in karst areas in the world, such as in Switzerland.
Defining groundwater protection zones in karst environment is frequently not founded on a solid hydrogeological basis. Protection
zones are often inadequate and as a result they may be ineffective. In order to improve this situation, the Federal Office
for Environment, Forests and Landscape with the Swiss National Hydrological and Geological Survey contracted the Centre of
Hydrogeology of the Neuchatel University to develop a new groundwater protection-zones strategy in karst environment. This
approach is based on the vulnerability mapping of the catchment areas of water supplies provided by springs or boreholes.
Vulnerability is here defined as the intrinsic geological and hydrogeological characteristics which determine the sensitivity
of groundwater to contamination by human activities. The EPIK method is a multi-attribute method for vulnerability mapping
which takes into consideration the specific hydrogeological behaviour of karst aquifers. EPIK is based on a conceptual model
of karst hydrological systems, which suggests considering four karst aquifer attributes: (1) Epikarst, (2) Protective cover,
(3) Infiltration conditions and (4) Karst network development. Each of these four attributes is subdivided into classes which
are mapped over the whole water catchment. The attributes and their classes are then weighted. Attribute maps are overlain
in order to obtain a final vulnerability map. From the vulnerability map, the groundwater protection zones are defined precisely.
This method was applied at several sites in Switzerland where agriculture contamination problems have frequently occurred.
These applications resulted in recommend new boundaries for the karst water supplies protection-zones.
Received: 27 October 1997 · Accepted: 4 July 1998 相似文献
13.
A comparative test of two vulnerability mapping methods (COP and PaPRIKa) specifically dedicated to for karst aquifers was
carried out on two Mediterranean carbonate aquifers. The vulnerability maps obtained for each aquifer present important differences.
To identify and determine the origin of these differences, the results were statistically analyzed using sensitivity analysis,
coefficients of determination and scatter graphs. In addition, the global vulnerability (Gv) parameter was used to measure
the general vulnerability of the aquifer and to compare the results obtained. This statistical analysis led us to conclude
that the main cause of differences between these two methods used to assess aquifer vulnerability lie in the relative importance
of the parameters employed in calculating the vulnerability index. For the PaPRIKa method, the variable related to infiltration
(slope and karst features) has the most influence, with less weight being assigned to the protective capacity of layers overlying
the aquifer. For the COP method, the most influent variable is defined by the layers overlying the aquifer, together with
infiltration characteristics, determined by the relative importance of different forms of infiltration in each aquifer. The
vulnerability mappings performed using the COP method present greater coherence with the known hydrogeological behavior of
the study areas, especially the Spanish aquifers. Nevertheless, further hydrogeological investigations are needed, such as
ones to validate the obtained vulnerability maps. 相似文献
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The quantification of submarine and intertidal groundwater discharge (SiGD) or purely submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) from coastal karst aquifers presents a major challenge, as neither is directly measurable. In addition, the expected heterogeneity and intrinsic structure of such karst aquifers must be considered when quantifying SGD or SiGD. This study applies a set of methods for the coastal karst aquifer of Bell Harbour in western Ireland, using long-term onshore and offshore time series from a high-resolution monitoring network, to link catchment groundwater flow dynamics to groundwater discharge as SiGD. The SiGD is estimated using the “pollution flushing model”, i.e. a mass-balance approach, while catchment dynamics are quantified using borehole hydrograph analysis, single-borehole dilution tests, a water balance calculation, and cross-correlation analysis. The results of these analyses are then synthesised, describing a multi-level conduit-dominated coastal aquifer with a highly fluctuating overflow regime draining as SiGD, which is in part highly correlated with the overall piezometric level in the aquifer. This concept was simulated using a hydraulic pipe network model built in InfoWorks ICM [Integrated Catchment Modeling]® version 7.0 software (Innovyze). The model is capable of representing the overall highly variable discharge dynamics, predicting SiGD from the catchment to range from almost 0 to 4.3 m3/s. The study emphasises the need for long-term monitoring as the basis for any discharge studies of coastal karst aquifers. It further highlights the fact that multiple discharge locations may drain the aquifer, and therefore must be taken into consideration in the assessment of coastal karst aquifers. 相似文献
15.
矿区深部含水层水-岩作用的同位素与水化学示踪分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
为了有效揭示华北隐伏型煤矿区煤炭开采进程中深部含水层水-岩作用机制,本文以淮北煤田宿县-临涣矿区为研究示范,收集与采集1985～2011年期间矿区松散层第四含水层、煤系砂岩裂隙含水层、石炭系太原组岩溶含水层与奥陶系岩溶含水层深部地下水样166个,分析与测试87Sr/86Sr、34S、13C同位素以及Na++K+、Ca2+、Mg2+、HCO-3、Cl-、SO2-4、CO2-3等常规组分,并开展基于同位素与水化学的水-岩作用示踪与分析。研究成果表明:在矿区主要充水含水层中,煤系砂岩裂隙含水层脱硫酸与阳离子交替吸附作用最为显著,而松散层第四含水层、石炭系太原组岩溶含水层与奥陶系岩溶含水层黄铁矿氧化或地下水硬化最为显著;受煤炭开采影响,煤系砂岩裂隙含水层、奥陶系岩溶含水层主要水-岩作用逐渐减弱,松散层第四含水层、石炭系太原组岩溶含水层主要水-岩作用或增强、或减弱,增强或减弱的程度取决于井田基岩面标高、主要断层的展布形态与隔水性能以及煤层开采扰动范围等。 相似文献
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Ramasamy Jayakumar 《地下水科学与工程》2015,3(4):295-305
The paper illustrates the concept, methodology, essential components and importance of groundwater level monitoring in terms of various aquifers such as multiple aquifer, karst aquifer and other aquifers. The groundwater resources in Mekong countries including Cambodia, Laos PDR, Myanmar, Thailand and Vietnam have also been reviewed. Finally, the author briefly presents Global Groundwater Monitoring Network 相似文献
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Karst aquifers represent important water resources in many parts of the world. Unfortunately, karst aquifers are characterised
by high contamination risks. This paper presents a travel time based method for the estimation of karst groundwater vulnerability.
It considers (1) physics-based lateral flow within the uppermost weathered zone (epikarst) in a limestone-dominated region
and (2) high velocities of vertical infiltration at discrete infiltration points (e.g. sinkholes) or lines (e.g. dry valleys,
faults). Consequently, the Transit Time Method honours the actual flow path within the unsaturated zone of a karst aquifer
system. A test site in Northern Jordan was chosen for the demonstration of the assessment technique, i.e. the catchment area
of the Qunayyah Spring north of the capital Amman. The results demonstrate that zones of highest vulnerability lie within
valleys and nearby main fault zones. It also reveals that regions, categorised as protected areas by other methods due to
thick unsaturated zones, contribute to a major degree to the total risk. 相似文献
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Farooq Ahmad Dar Jerome Perrin Shakeel Ahmed Allu China Narayana 《Hydrogeology Journal》2014,22(7):1493-1506
About 3 % of India’s total land surface is occupied by carbonate rocks which are mostly karstified and constitute a significant source of groundwater. The groundwater drawn from these aquifers matches the water demand of ~35 million people living in 106 districts of the country and also the water needs of livestock, irrigation and industry. The studies on karst in India carried out so far have mostly addressed geology, hydrology and groundwater contamination. A literature survey suggests that there is a need for detailed research, applying new approaches and techniques for proper carbonate aquifer identification, characterization and management. Such specific approaches will improve modeling, exploitation and protection of karst groundwater. An overview of the research carried out on groundwater resources of karst formations in India is presented, which also throws light on the protection of karst aquifers from existing anthropogenic activities such as mining and groundwater over-exploitation. 相似文献
20.
This paper describes the research carried out in a karst aquifer located in Soria, Spain. The system presents considerable
good-quality water resources, yielding a series of springs which constitute a “Natural Monument”. An integral study of the
hydrological cycle is presented in order to characterize the hydrodynamic behavior of the aquifer. Research combines conventional
geological and hydrogeological approaches with more innovative techniques such as speleo-diving. On the basis of relatively
little available data, quantitative results are obtained. These include estimations on porosity, hydraulic conductivity, transmissivity,
and groundwater renewal rate and aquifer reserves. A vulnerability assessment is carried out to evaluate the potential effects
of overpumping. This is followed by a proposal for sustainable aquifer management. Since aquifers such as the one in this
study are frequently found, this methodology could be successfully extrapolated to other cases. 相似文献