共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 140 毫秒
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基于改进的DRASTIC模型对香溪河典型岩溶流域地下水脆弱性评价 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
南方岩溶流域的地表水与地下水转换频繁,地下水环境对人类活动响应敏感,地下水环境脆弱。为探索岩溶流域地下水脆弱性评价的方法,以岩溶流域为评价对象,选取植被覆盖率、地形坡度、土壤类型、地下水水位埋深、地下水补给模数、土地利用类型6个指标,通过改进DRASTIC模型的评价指标体系,建立了基于VTSDRL模型的岩溶流域地下水脆弱性评价指标体系。以香溪河岩溶流域地下水为例,利用层次分析法计算了评价指标权重,基于地理信息系统的叠加分析功能对香溪河岩溶流域地下水脆弱性进行了定量评价。结果表明:香溪河岩溶流域地下水脆弱性以中等脆弱区为主,占比达到86.6%;地下水补给模数和土地利用类型对地下水脆弱性的影响作用最强,地下水脆弱性高的区域主要分布于溶丘洼地区,其面临农业活动污染的风险最大。该研究可为我国南方岩溶流域地下水脆弱性评价和岩溶水资源保护提供参考。 相似文献
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溶地下水脆弱性评价“二元法”及其在重庆金佛山的应用 总被引：12，自引：4，他引：8
岩溶地下水脆弱性评价是基于保护岩溶含水层从而有效地管理和利用地下水提出的有效方法和手段。我国西南岩溶区极大多数地区缺少应有的地下水保护带,地下水比较容易受到污染。本文论述了一种脆弱性的评价的简单方法— —基于径流特征和覆盖层厚度的二元法,并利用该法对重庆金佛山典型岩溶区进行了地下水脆弱性评价。结果表明,药池坝洼地和生态石林区脆弱性较高。究其原因,尽管药池坝洼地底部土壤层覆盖较厚,但存在地表径流集中排向落水洞,生态石林分布区地表裂隙、溶沟发育,可直接接受雨水入渗,因而污染物极易通过降雨和地表径流过程进入含水层。这一方法输入数据量小,对岩溶含水层普遍适用,为地下水资源可持续利用和土地利用管理提供了强有力的工具。 相似文献
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岩溶地下水是贵州省六盘水市的重要供水水源,但针对该地区的岩溶地下水脆弱性评价,尤其是城镇化区域的岩溶地下水脆弱性评价尚未见报道.运用改进的径流-覆盖层-降雨（COP）模型,利用RS及GIS技术对水城盆地的土壤类型、土地利用/覆盖类型、降水量数据进行处理,研究了岩溶地下水脆弱性评价的城镇化因子.结果显示,2004~2016年间,研究区地下水固有脆弱性整体呈现出由中脆弱性向低脆弱性转变的趋势,脆弱性降低的区域与城镇化过程中增加的不透水地面区域相一致;表明不透水地面有效地阻碍了地表污染物进入地下,降低了地下水固有脆弱性.本结果为水城盆地岩溶水资源管理提供了重要依据. 相似文献
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淮北市岩溶地下水防污性能评价 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为有效保护和合理开发利用岩溶地下水资源,在深入了解评价区水文地质条件基础上,采用PI(保护层和渗透条件)方法,对淮北市岩溶地下水防污性能开展评价。其结果表明,地下水防污性能π值小于2的区域分布在低山丘陵区,该地区基岩埋深＜50m,属于裸渗区;π值2～3的区域主要分布在低山丘陵区、残山和山前区,基岩埋深在50～200m,属于覆盖区;平原区的π值多大于4,基岩埋深＞200m,属于埋藏区。无论是PI评价结果还是评价对象的地质条件均表明,岩溶地下水的防污性能在低山丘陵区为弱和较弱,随着远离山区,防污性能有所提高,平原区的防污性能最佳。 相似文献
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湖北省钟祥市汉江河谷平原区浅层孔隙水的脆弱性评价 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
以MAPGIS为工作平台,以地下水类型、盖层岩性、地下水埋深为评价指标,利用国际上广泛应用的GOD模型开展了湖北省钟祥市第四系浅层孔隙水的脆弱性评价.研究结果表明:区内浅层孔隙水的脆弱性评分值在0～0.7间,其中极低脆弱性区(评分值=0～0.1)、低脆弱性区(评分值= 0.1～0.3)、中等脆弱性区(评分值=0.3～0.5)、高脆弱性区(评分值=0.5～0.7)和极高脆弱性区(评分值=0.7~10.0)的面积分别占评价区总面积的0.3 %,0.0 %,64.1 %,35.6 %,0. 0 %.换言之,钟祥市汉江河谷平原区浅层孔隙水总体上具有中等脆弱性和高脆弱性,且脆弱性最高的地段几乎全部分布在汉江沿岸.为解决钟祥市工农业发展带来的高污染风险性与地下水具有较高脆弱性这一对明显的矛盾,应加强汉江河谷平原区的地下水资源的管理工作. 相似文献
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鲁南经济带内矿产资源及地下水资源非常丰富,长期大量开采引发的环境地质问题主要有采空塌陷、岩溶塌陷、地面沉降、地下水降落漏斗及海水入侵等。选取地形地貌、岩土体特征、水文地质条件、环境工程地质问题、地质资源和人类工程经济活动等17个评价因子,利用傅勒三角形法确定各评价因子的权重,采用专家聚类法评价地质环境脆弱性。选取重点城市所在评价单元的土壤环境质量(T)、工程地质环境(G)、地质灾害危险性(Z)和地质环境承载力(C)等4个评价因子,采用栅格叠图法对重点城市适宜性进行了评价。评价结果显示,全区可划分为地质环境脆弱性极高区、高区、中等区和低区共4个区,菏泽市、临沂市处于地质环境脆弱性高区,济宁市、枣庄市及日照市位于地质环境脆弱性中等区。地质环境适宜性综合评价显示5个重点城市均为基本适宜,其中枣庄市西城区为适宜。 相似文献
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Ibraheem Hamdan Armin Margane Thomas Ptak Bettina Wiegand Martin Sauter 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2016,75(23):1474
Groundwater vulnerability maps were constructed for the surface water catchment area of Tanour and Rasoun spring (north-west of Jordan) using the COP and EPIK intrinsic groundwater vulnerability assessment methods. Tanour and Rasoun springs are the main water resources for domestic purposes within the study area. A detailed geological survey was carried out, and data of lithology, karst features, precipitation, vegetation and soil cover, etc. were gathered from various sources for the catchment area in order to determine the required parameters for each method. ArcGIS software was used for map preparation. In the resulting COP vulnerability map, spatial distribution of groundwater vulnerability is as follows: (1) high (37%), (2) moderate (34.8%), (3) low (20.1%), and (4) very low (8.1%). In the EPIK vulnerability map, only two out of four vulnerability classes characterize the catchment area: very high vulnerable areas (38.4%) and moderately vulnerable areas (61.6%). Due to limited soil thickness, the low vulnerability class is absent within the catchment. The high percentage of very high to moderately vulnerable areas displayed by both the COP and EPIK vulnerability assessment methods are reflected by different pollution events in Tanour and Rasoun karst springs especially during the winter season. The high sensitivity of the aquifer to pollution can be explained by different factors such as: thin or absent soil cover, the high development of the epikarst and karst network, and the lithology and confining conditions of the aquifer. 相似文献
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Lukas Plan Kurt Decker Robert Faber Michael Wagreich Bernhard Grasemann 《Environmental Geology》2009,58(2):285-297
High alpine karst plateaus are recharge areas for major drinking water resources in the Alps and many other regions. Well-established
methods for the vulnerability mapping of groundwater to contamination have not been applied to such areas yet. The paper characterises
this karst type and shows that two common vulnerability assessment methods (COP and PI) classify most of the areas with high
vulnerability classes. In the test site on the Hochschwab plateau (Northern Calcareous Alps, Austria), overlying layers are
mostly absent, not protective or even enhance point recharge, where they have aquiclude character. The COP method classifies
82% of the area as highly or extremely vulnerable. The resulting maps are reasonable, but do not differentiate vulnerabilities
to the extent that the results can be used for protective measures. An extension for the upper end of the vulnerability scale
is presented that allows identifying ultra vulnerable areas. The proposed enhancement of the conventional approach points out that infiltration conditions are of key importance
for vulnerability. The method accounts for karst genetical and hydrologic processes using qualitative and quantitative properties
of karst depressions and sinking streams including parameters calculated from digital elevations models. The method is tested
on the Hochschwab plateau where 1.7% of the area is delineated as ultra vulnerable. This differentiation could not be reached
by the COP and PI methods. The resulting vulnerability map highlights spots of maximum vulnerability and the combination with
a hazard map enables protective measures for a manageable area and number of sites. 相似文献
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Source vulnerability mapping in carbonate (karst) aquifers by extension of the COP method: application to pilot sites 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
A step from resource to source vulnerability mapping is presented, based on the European COST Action 620 approach for karst groundwater protection. Guidelines on vulnerability assessment of the horizontal groundwater flow path within the karst saturated zone (K factor) are proposed. By integrating this into the previously existing COP method for intrinsic resource vulnerability mapping, adequate source protection can be assessed. The proposed “Karst saturated zone (K) factor” assessment considers groundwater travel time (t subfactor), connection and contribution to the source (r subfactor) and active conduit or fissured network (n subfactor). The extended COP method was applied in two carbonate aquifers in southern Spain with different geological, hydrogeological and climate settings. The results are coherent with previous research results of the studied areas. Moreover, they are consistent with the occasional groundwater contamination detected in one of the springs. On the other hand, an absence of contamination, despite high risk, justifies the lower degrees of vulnerability assigned to the sources surveyed. The source vulnerability maps obtained can thus be used as a basis for the delineation of protection zones. 相似文献
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基于数值模拟的岩溶地下水源保护区划分技术研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
以山东省邹城市某岩溶水源地为例,研究数值模拟方法在岩溶地下水水源地保护区划分中的应用,以及水文地质参数对于水源地保护区划分结果的影响。基于GMS软件构建了研究区三维非稳定流地下水数值模型,采用质点追踪技术,通过反向追踪示踪粒子在运移100 d、1 000 d以及25 a后的位置及迁移轨迹,对该岩溶水源地进行保护区划分;改变数值模型中的主要水文地质参数,以变化后的保护区面积作为衡量参数敏感度的指标,并计算各参数的敏感度系数,研究水文地质参数对于保护区划分范围的影响。结果表明:当参数改变幅度在20%范围内时,一层垂向渗透系数(VK1)的敏感度系数最大可达到2.63×10-3,二层垂向渗透系数(VK2)的敏感度系数最大可达到3.64×10-3;垂向渗透系数的敏感度明显高于其他参数,说明垂向渗透系数对保护区划分范围的影响最大。因此,在应用数值模拟法对岩溶地下水源地进行保护区划分时,应尤其注意模型中各含水层垂向渗透系数取值的准确性和合理性。 相似文献
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Modified DRASTIC assessment for intrinsic vulnerability mapping of karst aquifers: a case study 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
Groundwater in karstic aquifers can be dangerously sensitive to contamination. In this paper, DRASTIC assessment was modified
and applied, for the first time, to address the intrinsic vulnerability for karst aquifers. The theoretical weights of two
of DRASTIC’s parameters (aquifer media and hydraulic conductivity) were modified through sensitivity analysis. Two tests of
sensitivity analyses were carried out: the map removal and the single parameter sensitivity analyses. The modified assessment
was applied for the karst aquifers underlying Ramallah District (Palestine) as a case study. The aquifer vulnerability map
indicated that the case study area is under low, moderate and high vulnerability of groundwater to contamination. The vulnerability
index can assist in the implementation of groundwater management strategies to prevent degradation of groundwater quality.
The modified DRASTIC assessment has proven to be effective because it is relatively straightforward, use data that are commonly
available or estimated and produces an end product that is easily interpreted. 相似文献
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西山岩溶水作为北京市重要的供水水源,在区域水文地质调查过程中发现西山岩溶水补给区一些样品硝酸盐浓度偏高,然而其周围岩溶水中硝酸盐浓度并未见明显变化（浓度均值为18.81 mg/L）,具点状硝酸盐源特征。岩溶含水层中硝酸盐分布特征和影响因素具有重要的研究意义。文章利用岩溶水化学和同位素分析结果研究了岩溶水硝酸盐分布和来源,利用IsoSource软件计算各来源的贡献率。结果表明:军庄—永丰屯径流区和军庄—古城—玉泉山泉径流区岩溶水中硝酸盐主要来源于生活废水、土壤有机氮矿化和大气沉降,贡献率值分别为37.1%、36.3%、26.6%;潭柘寺—四季青岩溶水中硝酸盐在潭柘寺补给区有养殖场废水下渗影响,径流区中硝酸盐含量低并发生反硝化降解作用。永定河水源硝酸盐不是岩溶水硝酸盐的主要来源。研究成果对西山岩溶水中硝酸盐的控制具有重要参考价值。 相似文献
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泰莱盆地岩溶地面塌陷始发于20世纪60年代，至今岩溶塌陷地质灾害仍不断发生，造成了日趋严重的经济损失和社会影响。本文将泰莱盆地作为整体研究对象，在对工作区地质环境条件进行充分分析的基础上，选取了包括岩溶塌陷影响因子及能反应社会影响的易损因子（包括灾损敏感因子和抗损强度因子）在内的共计12项指标作为岩溶塌陷评价要素，建立了研究区风险性评价体系；然后，利用层次分析法（AHP）计算各评价要素的权重，结合已有资料绘制各指标分级图并分别赋值；最后，利用MAPGIS软件叠加计算风险性指标，依据风险性分级标准进行研究区岩溶塌陷风险性评价分级区划。结果表明:高风险区主要分布在泰安市城区火车站、訾家灌庄、东羊娄—旧县一带；莱芜市大王庄镇孤山—后枯河及铁矿区孟公清、泉河一带，这些区域多位于水源地周边或矿山企业排水区，高强度的抽排地下水是岩溶塌陷发生的最主要的致塌因素。 相似文献
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岩溶地下水富集的地貌组合形态 总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0
岩溶地貌组合形态是地质背景条件、地壳隆升、断裂和褶皱等构造运动及溶蚀、侵蚀作用等内外动力地质作用的综合表象。特定的岩溶地貌组合形态,能够反映地下岩溶发育的过程和特征,表现地下水的运动及赋存状态,因而可作为寻找和圈定地下水富集区段的标志。文章通过总结区域水文地质调查实践的成果及经验,列出了8种能够有效反映地下水富集区段的岩溶地貌组合形态,分别是:岩溶山间平坝区、谷地及洼地古地表干流遗迹线、沟口洼地孤峰下、溶蚀沟谷交汇处、岩溶陡崖下、岩溶谷中湾对湾段、缓坡及浅洼地边缘、垄岗台地丘陵区。并逐一描述各个地貌形态特征,通过典型实例剖析,分析了它们的赋水机制。实践证明这些地貌组合形态可作为寻找地下水富集区段的标志。 相似文献