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陕南秦巴山区地质灾害危险性评价研究 总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0
陕西省是中国地质灾害最严重的省份之一,而陕南秦巴山区地质灾害灾情尤为严峻,因此进行地质灾害危险性评价对指导防灾减灾工作意义重大。文章以陕南秦巴山区为研究区,基于GIS技术与2001-2016年研究区地质灾害灾情数据,分析研究了区内地质灾害与各指标因子之间的敏感性关系,并确定了高程、岩土体类型、断裂构造、降雨等7个影响地质灾害发生较大的因子作为区域地质灾害危险性评价指标。其次,以各指标条件下地质灾害数量和累计发生频次曲线斜率的突变为依据,对评价指标因子进行状态分级。最后,运用信息量法建立栅格数据模型展开区域地质灾害危险性评价。研究结果表明:高危险性、较高危险性、中危险性的地区占研究区总面积的百分比分别为10.52%、28.31%、30.19%,区内地质灾害点的空间分布与地质灾害危险性评价结果基本一致,信息量模型的预测精度为90.16%。文章将经验知识与数据驱动的分析方法相结合,应用于较大范围的地质灾害危险性区划,研究结果可为区域地质灾害防治工作提供参考依据。 相似文献
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在查明地质灾害孕灾背景、发育现状、矿区开采现状的基础上,基于定性结合定量的评价方法,开展了矿区地质灾害危险性评价.基于评价结果和野外调查情况,总结采矿活动对矿区主要地质灾害的影响.主要成果如下：1）总结了研究区地质灾害的发育及分布特征;2）综合分析矿区孕灾环境及地质灾害致灾因子,构建了研究区危险性评价指标体系,以ArcGIS为工作平台,以斜坡单元为最小评价单元,进行了由地质灾害易发性到地质灾害危险性的评价;3）针对评价结果,理论分析了采矿活动对滑坡、崩塌、泥石流及塌陷等灾害发生的影响方式. 相似文献
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在查明地质灾害孕灾背景、发育现状、矿区开采现状的基础上，基于定性结合定量的评价方法，开展了矿区地质灾害危险性评价.基于评价结果和野外调查情况，总结采矿活动对矿区主要地质灾害的影响.主要成果如下：1）总结了研究区地质灾害的发育及分布特征；2）综合分析矿区孕灾环境及地质灾害致灾因子，构建了研究区危险性评价指标体系，以ArcGIS为工作平台，以斜坡单元为最小评价单元，进行了由地质灾害易发性到地质灾害危险性的评价；3）针对评价结果，理论分析了采矿活动对滑坡、崩塌、泥石流及塌陷等灾害发生的影响方式. 相似文献
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根据云南昭通地区地质灾害发育特征和孕灾环境背景,选择了地形坡度、微地貌和岩土体特征等3个与地质灾害发育最为密切的影响因子,采用多元线性回归模型确定三者的比例关系,运用Arcgis10软件统计分析和空间分析模块,实现研究区地质灾害易发性区划,结果分为高、中、低、不易发四个等级,为该地区地质灾害风险评价及防灾减灾提供指导依据。 相似文献
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地质灾害危险性评价是防灾减灾工作的重要依据。本文以汶川县城周边64 km2为例,应用遥感信息提取技术与GIS空间分析方法,根据IKONOS遥感图像和地形图及野外调查资料,提取了崩塌和滑坡易发性评价因子,采用信息量法确定了因子分值,计算了崩塌和滑坡易发性,并分别提出崩塌和滑坡的危险性计算方法,形成了汶川地区崩塌和滑坡危险性分区图。研究结果表明:新的崩塌和滑坡危险性评价方法能够反映区内地质灾害危险程度,该方法可行,结果合理,这为中、大比例尺区域范围内地质灾害危险性研究提供了有益的思路。 相似文献
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以北京市通州区为例,提出了平原区缓变性地质灾害危险性分区评价方法,建立了单灾种地质灾害危险性分区评价指标体系;在对单灾种地质灾害危险性分区评价的基础上,进行了多灾种地质灾害危险性综合分区评价。评价结果可直接用于城市地质灾害防治规划编制工作,为城市防灾减灾和防治工程的实施提供了科学依据。 相似文献
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吉林省东部山区地质灾害危害性评价 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
为了评价地质灾害的危害程度,提出了地质灾害危害性概念,选择历史灾害危险性、潜在灾害危险性、社会经济水平、承灾体类型4个基本要素和相应的17个评价因子作为评价因素,利用二级模糊综合评价方法,对吉林省东部山区地质灾害危害性进行分区评价.评价结果为:在中低山区和低山丘陵区两个不同地貌单元的地质灾害区中,划分出7个不同级别的危害性亚区.高危害区主要分布于通化、白山地区,鸭绿江上游和延吉盆地区,是今后地质灾害防治的重点区域. 相似文献
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CSAMT 法在辽西康杖子区深部探矿中的应用 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
可控源音频大地电磁法(CSAMT)具有探测深度大、横向分辨率高、抗干扰能力强的特点,在深部找矿勘探中有着重要的指导意义。肖家营子铜钼矿床是辽西地区一个大型矽卡岩型金属矿床,大部分矿体是隐伏矿体,矿区外围的康杖子区与本区有相似的成矿地质环境,成矿地质条件优越.矿体与围岩电性差异明显,通过应用CSAMT,矿体具有低电阻特点,根据成果推断解释,对深部有利成矿部位进行了钻探验证,取得了理想的探矿效果,在矿区外围取得第二深度空间找矿重大突破。 相似文献
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Julie Okpala 《GeoJournal》1990,20(1):37-43
This paper traces the development of geographic education in Nigeria and examines the views of geographers, other academics,
students and the public at large about the importance of geography. Geography's value is immense despite the non-professional
nature of the discipline. Nevertheless, there is a need to define geography's status and ensure career prospects for students.
The Nigerian Geographical Association (from classroom teaachers to top geographers) must promote geography, improve its status
in schools and universities, and continuously restructure its content and methods to address pertinent social needs. 相似文献
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Trends in landslide occurrence in Nepal 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
David N. Petley Gareth J. Hearn Andrew Hart Nicholas J. Rosser Stuart A. Dunning Katie Oven Wishart A. Mitchell 《Natural Hazards》2007,43(1):23-44
Nepal is a mountainous, less developed kingdom that straddles the boundary between the Indian and Himalayan tectonic plates.
In Nepal, landslides represent a major constraint on development, causing high levels of economic loss and substantial numbers
of fatalities each year. There is a general consensus that the impacts of landslides in countries such as Nepal are increasing
with time, but until now there has been little or no quantitative data to support this view, or to explain the causes of the
increases. In this paper, a database of landslide fatalities in Nepal has been compiled and analysed for the period 1978–2005.
The database suggests that there is a high level of variability in the occurrence of landslides from year to year, but that
the overall trend is upward. Analyses of the trends in the data suggest that there is a cyclicity in the occurrence of landslide
fatalities that strongly mirrors the cyclicity observed in the SW (summer) monsoon in South Asia. Perhaps surprisingly the
relationship is inverse, but this is explained through an inverse relationship between monsoon strength and the amount of
precipitation in the Hill District areas of Nepal. It is also clear that in recent years the number of fatalities has increased
dramatically over and above the effects of the monsoon cycle. Three explanations are explored for this: land-use change, the
effects of the ongoing civil war in Nepal, and road building. It is concluded that a major component of the generally upward
trend in landslide impact probably results from the rural road-building programme, and its attendant changes to physical and
natural systems. 相似文献
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硫代砷是富硫化物地下水中砷的重要形态,对环境和人类健康有潜在威胁。目前硫代砷研究程度尚低,本次主要针对国内外地下水（地热水）中硫代砷的存在形态,水文—生物—环境地球化学过程,样品保存,定量检测方法等方面进行研究。结论如下:pH, 氧化还原电位,硫化物含量和微生物作用等是影响地下水中硫代砷稳定存在和形态分布的重要因素。含铁矿物能与水中的硫代砷形成配位键对其进行吸附,吸附性普遍弱于（亚）砷酸盐,因此,地下水中硫代砷可能表现出更强的迁移性。用于硫代砷检测的自然水样在采集中可采取过滤,速冻,厌氧和低温短期保存的操作流程,以减缓该形态的转化甚至消失。色谱联用ICP-MS系统可用于自然水样中硫代砷的分离定量检测,紫外—可见分光光度法和X射线吸收光谱法在不同场景下也可对硫代砷进行定量和表征分析。地热水和浅层地下水中均可能存在硫代砷,由于水样中硫代砷的不稳定性,室内检测和分析难以准确反映现场过程,因此,野外样品保存技术和现场检测方法的更新可能在未来有更大研究空间,值得进一步探索。 相似文献
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2010年,美国铀矿总共施工7 209个钻孔,总进尺1 493 520 m;生产铀1 628.55 t;铀矿业总支出费用为2.773亿美元,其中铀矿地勘费支出为3 450万美元,占铀矿业总费用的12.44%。铀矿地勘钻探费用为4 460万美元,占铀矿业总费用的16.08%。 相似文献
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Takeshi Nose Dr. 《GeoJournal》1985,10(3):261-276
Conclusions During the last ten years, aquaculture, especially mariculture has undergone remarkable expansion to counter-balance the gap between the supply and demand of fishery products in Japan. Its expansion has also been supported by the traditional preference of the Japanese people for seafood. Mariculture is now being forced to change its structure due to adverse economic circumstances such as the rise in the cost of energy, feeds and other materials for culture, low market prices, deterioration of environmental conditions, and many other factors. Before these constraints can be resolved, advanced scientific knowledge and technologies must be integrated to develop new types of aquaculture. Expansion of maricultural activities to more open-sea and off shore areas would be one route to follow. Technologies for the development of formulated diets not only for young but also for adults and larvae, establishment of feeding standards, prevention of epizootic diseases must support the establishment of modern aquaculture.The culture-based fisheries, or marine ranching, is becoming a subject for further development in Japan. Much research work has been conducted with a great degree of governmental support. Establishment of a net work of seedstock production farms has made it possible to carry out releasing experiments on a large scale. A newly integrated restoration system could be developed on the basis of these experiments, even though the profits resulting from the artificial restoration of stocks is not thouroughly verified at present. The commencement of a national scheme for culture-based fisheries would be a manifestation of the enthusiasm of the Japanese fish industry. 相似文献
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内蒙古苏尼特地下水氟污染形成机理研究 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
为了研究内蒙古苏尼特地区地下水氟污染机理,本文运用水文地球化学分类方法,从水文地质、水化学特征两方面研究其地下水的水质特征、氟的起源、分布规律及污染形成机理。研究结果发现:高氟地下水的主要水质类型为HCO3—Na型,pH值在7.08～9.38之间,氟浓度与井深有关,即井越浅,氟浓度越高;地下水中氟浓度最高达14.78mg/L,5～9月地下水氟浓度相对增长率在7.8～23.1之间;F-浓度与Li+、Br-相关系数达0.89和0.82,受断层影响的深层地下水中F-浓度几乎与Li+、Br-没有相关关系,这暗示着氟来源于浅部,并受到强烈的蒸发作用影响而使水中的氟浓缩;地质调查发现该地区还有数个萤石矿存在,显微镜分析结果证实表层土壤中普遍存在CaF2,地下水中的氟来自CaF2。高氟地下水存在于潜水层,深部含水层的地下水可供开采。从断层带涌出的水对潜水层有稀释作用。 相似文献
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Radon is a radioactive gas emanating naturally from uranium rich granites and shales. It may be emitted from the ground surface into the atmosphere as a gas, or it may be dissolved into stream water and transported over distance. The levels of radon gas in soils at ground surface depend on a number of factors relating to the source of the gas and to its transmission. Igneous rocks contain the highest mean concentrations of radium and uranium. The depth of cover is relevant also. Surveys over the years by the National Radiological Protection Board (NRPB) and others have indicated that the highest concentrations in the United Kingdom occur in Cornwall, Devon and northeast Scotland. However, recent reports have indicated that high concentrations of the gas may be detected in small pockets in counties outside of those considered at high risk. This survey relates to a series of measurements taken in and around Darlington, County Durham. The results showed the presence of small areas with strong concentrations of radon in soil gas, but only minor levels of dissolved gas in stream waters. 相似文献