共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 78 毫秒
1.
西准噶尔北部谢米斯台山西缘发育的下石炭统黑山头组主要为一套火山碎屑岩-中酸性火山熔岩组合。通过对黑山头组英安岩和安山岩进行岩石地球化学研究,不仅可以提高博什库尔—成吉斯火山弧的研究程度,更有助于对西准噶尔北部岩浆活动及构造演化提供新认识。研究发现二者均具有较高的SiO2(60.52%~71.58%)、全碱Na2O+K2O(6.88%~10.31%)、Al2O3(13.37%~16.31%),较低的P2O5(0.03%~0.27%)和TiO2(0.07%~1.89%)。英安岩属于碱性-亚碱性系列,安山岩属于钙碱性系列。岩石稀土元素总量较高(62.7×10-6~274×10-6),富集轻稀土元素((La/Yb)N=2.75~12.7),具有明显的负铕异常(δEu=0.247~0.501),富集大离子亲石元素(Rb,Ba,Th),相对弱亏损高场强元素(Nb,Ta,Ti),显示岛弧火山岩的地球化学特征。通过对其源区和构造环境分析发现,博什库尔—成吉斯火山弧形成于岛弧俯冲环境下,且在此过程中伴随有消减沉积物熔体的加入。 相似文献
2.
西准噶尔早泥盆世马拉苏组主要分布于吾尔喀什尔山西部,整体为一套火山—沉积地层。对其中火山岩进行地球化学研究表明,w(SiO2)49.51%~59.04%,w(TiO2)(0.80%~1.12%)、w(K2O+Na2O)=3.09%~5.28%,富钠贫钾(Na2O/K2O=2.41~24.25)。高w(A12O3)(17.66%~21.19%)、w(MgO)(3.18%~7.00%,Mg#=47~56),属于亚碱性系列。稀土元素总量高(ΣREE=30.40×10-6~93.65×10-6),轻、重稀土分馏较强((La/Yb)N=2.58~11.38),Eu轻微负异常到正异常(Eu/Eu*=0.71~1.35)。相对富集LILE(Rb,Ba,Th和K),亏损HFSE(Zr,Hf),Nb和Ta强烈亏损,Ti轻微亏损。岩石源自轻微交代的亏损地幔部分熔融,具有岛弧火山岩的地球化学特征,这为进一步认识西准噶尔博什库尔-成吉斯岩浆弧的性质及构造演化提供了证据。 相似文献
3.
鄂拉山岩浆岩地处东昆仑、西秦岭、南祁连造山带交汇部位,内部结构复杂,是中国西部重要的构造结和矿集区之一.海相火山岩出露广泛,岩石类型主要由杏仁状玄武安山岩、杏仁状安山岩、安山质火山角砾岩、安山质晶屑岩屑凝灰岩、安山质角砾凝灰熔岩及英安岩、流纹岩等组成,以火山地层、夹层状、透镜状等形式赋存于洪水川组索拉曲砂岩、幸福村细浊积岩、河卡山粗浊积岩中,属海相喷发环境的产物.火山岩岩石化学成分与岛弧钙碱性安山岩平均化学成分相似,δEu平均为0.75,显示为弱负异常,(La/Sm)N、(Gd/Yb)N值平均分别为5.09、1.76,轻重稀土元素之间分馏程度显著,轻稀土元素分馏程度较高且富集.Ba、Rb、Th元素强烈富集,Ti、Cr等元素较亏损.Th×Ta/Hf2值在0.029～0.162,平均为0.079,具有陆缘火山弧的特性.由上所述,洪水川组火山岩产于碰撞后的拉伸环境. 相似文献
4.
卡拉麦里地区黑山头组火山岩地球化学特征及构造环境分析 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
黑山头组火山岩位于新疆东准噶尔卡拉麦里蛇绿岩带东北缘,主要为玄武岩、玄武质安山岩和安山岩,属钙碱性-高钾钙碱性系列.火山岩Mg#介于8.62～43.90,全碱含量较高(Na2O+K2O为4.19%～9.33%),且Na2O(2.20%～4.93%)>K2O(0.54%～4.40%),TiO2和P2O5含量较高(分别为0.68%～1.28%和0.10%～0.28%),轻稀土元素(LREE)相对重稀土元素(HREE)富集((La/Yb)N=1.06～3.56),无明显重稀土分馏((Gd/Yb)N=0.73～1.54),弱铕异常(δEu=0.60～1.17)和铈异常(δCe=0.89～0.95),强烈富集LILE(如Rb,Th),适度富集Ba,K等,强烈亏损HFSE(如Nb,Ta),弱亏损Zr,Hf和Ti,显示较明显TNT负异常,较高Ba/La(13.30～124.43)、Ba/Nb(11.48～161.29)和La/Nb(0.86～2.37)比值,较低的Nb/Y(0.2～0.4)、Nb/Ta(7～16)和Zr/Hf(17～37)比值.同位素年代学、地球化学特征及构造环境判别图解综合研究表明,卡拉麦里地区早石炭世岩浆活动显示板内岩浆演化特征,具弧火山岩地球化学痕迹,形成于后碰撞期伸展背景下,是软流圈物质上涌并发生部分熔融,形成岩浆在上升和侵位过程中受早石炭世弧组分混染的产物. 相似文献
5.
西准噶尔谢米斯台山中段马门特周围及东部一带一套火山熔岩、火山碎屑岩地层,前人将其归为中泥盆统呼吉尔斯特组。作者在该地层玄武岩中测得LA-ICP-MS锆石年龄为(343±3.1)Ma(n=16,MSWD=0.68),为早石炭世。依据剖面及岩石组合与《新疆维吾尔自治区地层清理》(1999)及邻区下石炭统黑山头组岩性对比分析,将其厘定为下石炭统黑山头组。该组火山岩具有高铝、高碱特征,轻重稀土元素分馏明显,大离子亲石元素Ba,Pb,Sr相对富集,高场强元素Th,U,Nb相对亏损,具有板内碱性玄武岩性质,结合区域构造演化特征,认为该火山岩形成于弧后盆地环境。 相似文献
6.
新疆西准噶尔哈拉阿拉特山火山岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄、地球化学特征及意义 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
西准噶尔哈拉阿拉特山一带阿腊德依克赛组火山岩主要由玄武岩、玄武安山岩和安山岩组成。玄武岩LA ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄为303.8±2.4 Ma,MSWD=0.82(95%置信度),时代为晚石炭世。火山岩地球化学研究表明,SiO2含量为51.05%~59.31%,TiO2为0.90%~1.33%、全碱K2O+Na2O为3.97%~8.07%,富钠贫钾(Na2O/K2O2)。A12O3为16.58%~19.84%、MgO为2.50%~5.01%,Mg#为35.04~47.62,主体属于亚碱性系列。稀土元素总量高(∑REE=41.12×10-6~73.93×10-6),轻、重稀土分馏较强((La/Yb)N=2.01~5.33),具轻微负Eu异常(Eu/Eu*=0.72~0.88)。相对富集LILE(Ba、Th、K和Sr),轻微亏损HFSE(Zr、Hf),Nb和Ta强烈亏损,Ti轻微亏损。地球化学特征表明岩浆由亏损地幔部分熔融形成,受俯冲带流体的影响,属于博什库尔-成吉斯岩浆弧南部活动大陆边缘火山作用的产物。西准噶尔东部增生造山作用滞后于西部,这为进一步认识西准噶尔地区晚古生代构造演化提供了依据。 相似文献
7.
《新疆地质》2017,(4)
西准噶尔巴音达拉地区发育一套基性火山岩。哈尔加乌组火山岩以亚碱性玄武岩、玄武安山岩为主,属拉斑系列。基性火山岩富钠贫钾(Na_2O/K_2O=1.57~6.92),TiO_2含量0.90%~1.70%,高Al(Al_2O_3含量14.14%~20.51%)、低Mg(MgO含量2.28%~8.43%,Mg#为33.24~59.40),表明原始岩浆发生了明显的橄榄石和辉石分离结晶作用。微量元素数据显示,稀土总量ΣREE为69.80×10~(-6)~120.69×10~(-6),轻稀土相对富集(La/Yb)_N=2.89~6.14,且分馏较好(La/Sm)_N=1.46~2.71,重稀土分馏较差(Gd/Yb)_N=1.19~1.94,仅部分样品具微弱的负铕异常(δEu=0.87~1.08)。微量元素具相对富集Rb,Ba,U等大离子亲石元素、高场强元素Nb,Ta相对亏损、Zr,Hf轻微富集特征。微量元素比值和相关判别图解表明,哈尔加乌组基性火山岩可能是尖晶石相地幔橄榄岩向石榴石相地幔橄榄岩过渡相较高程度部分熔融产物,且在上升过程中受到一定程度地壳物质混染。综合火山岩地球化学特征,结合相关构造判别图解及火山岩所处区域地质背景,认为巴音达拉地区哈尔加乌组火山岩的形成以板内大陆环境为主,兼部分弧火山岩特征,形成于俯冲碰撞造山期后的区域伸展阶段。 相似文献
8.
新疆吾尔喀什尔地区晚泥盆世铁列克提组火山岩LAICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄、地球化学特征及构造意义 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
西准噶尔晚泥盆世铁列克提组主要分布于吾尔喀什尔山西部,为一套海陆交互相火山-沉积地层。火山岩地球化学研究表明,Si O2含量为51.18%~62.48%,Ti O2为0.60%~1.49%、全碱(K2O+Na2O)为1.26%~6.28%,相对富钠贫钾。A12O3为15.53%~18.68%、Mg O为2.64%~7.55%,Mg#为41.2~58.5,属于亚碱性系列。稀土元素总量高(∑REE=36.21×10-6~97.10×10-6),轻、重稀土分馏较强((La/Yb)N=2.88~6.72),具轻微负Eu异常(Eu/Eu*=0.74~1.07)。相对富集LILE(Rb、Ba、Th和K),亏损HFSE(Zr、Hf),Nb和Ta强烈亏损,Ti轻微亏损。岩石源区主要受俯冲流体交代,受地壳物质混染较弱,整体具有弧火山岩的地球化学特征。与火山岩伴生的凝灰岩LA ICP-MS锆石U-Pb同位素测年结果为363.3±4Ma。综合分析认为铁列克提组火山岩属于大陆边缘弧火山作用的产物,同时,博什库尔-成吉斯岩浆弧可能至少延续至晚泥盆世。这为进一步认识西准噶尔博什库尔-成吉斯岩浆弧的性质及构造演化提供了证据。 相似文献
9.
准噶尔盆地陆西地区(即陆梁隆起西部地区)构造背景复杂,石炭系火山岩广泛发育,长期以来对盆地原型认识不清,导致油气勘探程度低。对英西凹陷火山岩锆石LA-ICP-MS年龄、地球化学与构造环境等系统研究发现,英西凹陷英2井火山岩锆石LA-ICP-MS谐和年龄为310.8±2.9Ma,主量元素具有高硅、高钾、低钛含量特征,Mg#含量中等,Al2O3含量较高(铝过饱和指数A/CNK均大于1),总体表明该套火山岩建造为形成于晚石炭世的中钾钙碱性—高钾钙碱性酸性岩火山岩系列,且具有准铝质特征。另外,稀土元素总量中等,有轻微铕负异常,轻稀土元素较富集,(La/Yb)N变化范围为3.75~7.22;重稀土元素分馏不明显,(Gd/Yb)N值介于1.43~1.73;原始地幔标准化蛛网图指示富集K、Rb、Ba、La等大离子亲石元素,亏损Nb、Ta、Ti等高场强元素,表明英西凹陷石炭系火山岩具有壳源和幔源混合成因特征,为大洋岛弧环境形成产物。结合西准噶尔造山带露头、盆内钻井综合研究表明,西准噶尔洋持续活动到晚石炭世,并发生北西—南东向的俯冲,西准噶尔地区晚石炭世是由北东向展布的有限的西准噶尔洋盆、增生杂岩带和链状岛弧带、弧间—弧后盆地等组成,英西凹陷位于弧后盆地区,为自生自储型、古生新储型油气藏的有利勘探区。 相似文献
10.
北京西山东狼沟组钾质火山岩成因及其动力学机制 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6
北京西山东狼沟组火山岩为钾质系列岩石(K2O=3.40%～4.70%,K20/Na20＞1),由玄武质粗安岩和粗安岩组成.它们表现出LREE富集[(La/Yb)N=31.4～44.6]和HREE弱分馏[(Dy/Yb)N=1.64～2.01]的REE分布模式,Eu表现出弱的负异常(Eu/Eu*=0.81～0.86),富集Ba、K、LREE和相对亏损Nb-Ta、Th-U.较高的Sr[(87Sr/86Sr)i=0.705 7～0.705 9]和低Nd[δNd(t)=-14.7～-12.4],类似于辽西义县组和华北陆内同时代的EM I型基性火成岩.其Th-U相对Ba、La的强烈亏损,暗示早期可能有华北古老的下地壳再循环进入源区.结合区域构造研究,东狼沟组火山岩可能为陆内伸展拉张环境下早期交代富集的岩石圈地幔部分熔融作用的产物,并在岩浆演化过程中经历了橄榄石 辉石 斜长石的分离结晶作用. 相似文献
11.
Influences of the unsaturated,saturated, and riparian zones on the transport of nitrate near the Merced River,California, USA 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Joseph L. Domagalski Steven P. Phillips E. Randall Bayless Celia Zamora Carol Kendall Richard A. WildmanJr Janet G. Hering 《Hydrogeology Journal》2008,16(4):675-690
Transport and transformation of nitrate was evaluated along a 1-km groundwater transect from an almond orchard to the Merced River, California, USA, within an irrigated agricultural setting. As indicated by measurements of pore-water nitrate and modeling using the root zone water quality model, about 63% of the applied nitrogen was transported through a 6.5-m unsaturated zone. Transport times from recharge locations to the edge of a riparian zone ranged from approximately 6 months to greater than 100 years. This allowed for partial denitrification in horizons having mildly reducing conditions, and essentially no denitrification in horizons with oxidizing conditions. Transport times across a 50–100-m-wide riparian zone of less than a year to over 6 years and more strongly reducing conditions resulted in greater rates of denitrification. Isotopic measurements and concentrations of excess N2 in water were indicative of denitrification with the highest rates below the Merced River. Discharge of water and nitrate into the river was dependent on gradients driven by irrigation or river stage. The results suggest that the assimilative capacity for nitrate of the groundwater system, and particularly the riverbed, is limiting the nitrate load to the Merced River in the study area. 相似文献
12.
山西五台山区滹沱群变质玄武岩岩石学、地球化学特征及其成因意义 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
在野外地质调查的基础上,选取滹沱群豆村亚群底部四集庄组玄武岩、顶部青石村组玄武岩和东冶亚群中下部河边村组玄武岩,进行岩石学和地球化学研究。分析结果表明：玄武岩主量元素高TiO2、TFeO,低MgO,具有演化的基性岩浆的特征。稀土元素含量相对较高,具有弱—中等程度的轻稀土元素富集,中等程度的轻重稀土元素分异,轻微的Eu异常;玄武岩中Cr、Ni含量变化较大,但与Mg#具有很好的正相关性。微量元素配分图解中具有明显的Sr负异常,部分样品具有Nb、Ta和Ti负异常,无Zr、Hf负异常,与岛弧火山岩不同;同时Nb、Ta无分异,Zr/Hf值较高,具有板内玄武岩浆的特征。综合分析认为,滹沱群玄武岩可能形成于板内裂谷环境。在岩浆上升过程中发生橄榄石与尖晶石的分离结晶作用,同时不同程度地受到地壳的混染。 相似文献
13.
扬子北缘马元铅锌矿床闪锌矿微量元素及S-Pb-He-Ar-C同位素地球化学研究 总被引：7，自引：3，他引：4
马元铅锌矿床是近年扬子陆块北缘铅锌找矿的新突破。矿体呈层状、似层状产于碑坝隆起翼部震旦系灯影组角砾状白云岩层间构造带中,围岩蚀变很弱。矿石中硫化物以闪锌矿、方铅矿为主,中粗粒晶质结构,充填于白云岩角砾间。闪锌矿富集Cd、Ge、Ag,贫In、Tl、Se,Ga/In为6~132,Ge/In多1000,成矿温度以中-低温为主。金属硫化物ε~(34)S值相对集中,为12.9‰~19.4‰,平均为17.4‰,来自于海相硫酸盐的还原。铅同位素组成稳定,~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb为17.858~17.918:~(207)Pb/~(204)Pb为15.603~15.694;~(208)Pb/~(204)Pb为37.756~38.046,具有造山带和上地壳铅的特征,震旦系可能提供了金属成矿物质。闪锌矿中流体包裹体的~3He/~4He为0.03Ra~1.05Ra,~(40)Ar/~(36)Ar为326.1~765.1,~(38)Ar/~(36)Ar为0.183~0.204,表明成矿流体主要为地壳流体和饱和大气水(大气降水或海水)的混合。闪锌矿内流体包裹体挥发分δ~(13)C_(CH_4)值为-36.01‰~-28.80‰,δ~(13)C_(C_2H_6)值为-27.72‰~-22.44‰,δ~(13)C_(CO_2)值为-23.24‰~-9.68‰,表明有机流体参与了成矿作用。石英、方解石的H-O同位素结果表明具有海水和有机水混合的特征。可见,成矿流体具有两种流体混合的特征,一为蒸发海水与围岩反应所形成的盆地卤水,二为有机流体。推测矿区可能存在一个古油气藏,由于TSR生成一高硫气藏,为区内还原性有机流体的主要来源。当富含Pb、Zn等成矿物质的成矿流体运移至富含CH_4和H_2S的还原性流体的矿区角砾岩带时,两种流体混合,Pb、Zn等遇到H_2S发生反应而沉淀成矿,并伴生热液白云石等,形成了马元铅锌矿床。综上所述,我们认为马元矿床属MVT型铅锌矿床。 相似文献
14.
15.
16.
以出露在西藏南木林县秦马弄地区二长花岗岩体为研究对象,从野外地质调查、岩石学、LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年、元素和Lu-Hf同位素地球化学等方面对其进行了分析研究。结果显示：秦马弄地区二长花岗岩体类似于A型花岗岩,形成于古近纪(E1),其LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄为(62.0±0.5)~(63.0±0.5) Ma;岩体形成的温度较高(锆石饱和温度为745~805 ℃,平均766 ℃);岩石富SiO2(72.6%~75.0%)、Na2O(2.86%~3.59%)和K2O(4.12%~5.25%),贫CaO(0.72%~1.39%)和MgO(0.26%~0.36%),高FeOT/MgO值(7.26~10.3),属高钾钙碱性系列,弱过铝质;岩石具明显的负Eu异常(Eu/Eu*=0.40~0.70),普遍表现出Ba、Sr、P、Ti元素的亏损和Rb、Th、K、Zr、Hf元素的富集。εHf(t)值为-4.7~-1.8,其两阶段地壳Hf模式年龄tDM2为(1.1~1.3) Ga。秦马弄A型花岗岩体是冈底斯基底地壳物质部分熔融的岩浆产物,形成于古近纪印度板块与欧亚板块俯冲碰撞引起的总体为岛弧背景下的局部拉张构造环境。 相似文献
17.
E. M. Prasolov S. A. Sergeev B. V. Belyatsky E. S. Bogomolov K. A. Gruzdov I. N. Kapitonov R. Sh. Krymsky V. O. Khalenev 《Geochemistry International》2018,56(1):46-64
This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (3He/4He, 40Ar/36Ar, 34S/32S, 65Cu/63Cu, 62Ni/60Ni, 87Sr/86Sr, 143Nd/144Nd, 206–208Pb/204Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others. 相似文献
18.
I. A. Tararin V. M. Chubarov E. K. Ignat’ev S. V. Moskaleva 《Russian Journal of Pacific Geology》2007,1(1):82-97
The geology and mineralogy of host metamorphic rocks, the mineralogy of sulfide ores, and the distribution of PGE mineralization were studied in detail for the Kvinum-1 and Kvinum-2 copper-nickel occurrences of the Kvinum ore field, which are the most promising targets for the copper-nickel-PGE mineralization of the Sredinny Range of Kamchatka. It was established that stringer-disseminated and massive copper-nickel ores are localized in amphibole peridotites, cortlandites, and form ore bodies varying from tens of centimeters to 5–20 m thick among the layered cortlandite-gabbroid massifs. The massive sulfide ores were found only at the bottom of cortlandite bodies and upsection grade into stringer-disseminated and disseminated ores. Pyrrhotite, chalcopyrite, and pentlandite are the major ore minerals with a sharply subordinate amount of pyrite, sphalerite, galena, arsenopyrite, and löllingite. Besides pentlandite, the Ni-bearing minerals include sulforasenides (gersdorffite), arsenides (nickeline), and tellurides (melonite) of nickel. It was found that PGE mineralization represented by antimonides (sudburyite) and tellurobismuthides (michenerite) of Pd with sharply subordinate platinum arsenide (sperrylite) is confined to the apical parts of massive sulfide zones and the transition zone to the stringer-disseminated ores. Ore intervals enriched in arsenides and tellurides of Ni, Pd, and Bi contain high-purity gold. In the central parts of the orebodies, the contents of PGE and native gold are insignificant. It is suggested that the contents of major sulfide minerals and the productivity of PGE mineralization in the cortlandites are defined by combined differentiation and sulfurization of ultramafic derivatives under the effect of fluids, which are accumulated at the crystallization front and cause layering of parental magmas with different sulfur contents. The fluid-assisted layering of mafic-ultramafic massifs resulted in the contrasting distribution of PGM in response to uneven distribution of sulfur (as well as As, Te, and Bi) during liquid immiscibility. The productivity of PGE mineralization significantly increases with increasing contents of S, As, Te, and Bi (elements to which Pt and, especially, Pd have high affinity) in fluids. 相似文献
19.
A geophysical survey was conducted to determine the depth of the base of the water-table aquifer in the southern part of
Jackson Hole, Wyoming, USA. Audio-magnetotellurics (AMT) measurements at 77 sites in the study area yielded electrical-resistivity
logs of the subsurface, and these were used to infer lithologic changes with depth. A 100–600 ohm-m geoelectric layer, designated
the Jackson aquifer, was used to represent surficial saturated, unconsolidated deposits of Quaternary age. The median depth
of the base of the Jackson aquifer is estimated to be 200 ft (61 m), based on 62 sites that had sufficient resistivity data.
AMT-measured values were kriged to predict the depth to the base of the aquifer throughout the southern part of Jackson Hole.
Contour maps of the kriging predictions indicate that the depth of the base of the Jackson aquifer is shallow in the central
part of the study area near the East and West Gros Ventre Buttes, deeper in the west near the Teton fault system, and shallow
at the southern edge of Jackson Hole. Predicted, contoured depths range from 100 ft (30 m) in the south, near the confluences
of Spring Creek and Flat Creek with the Snake River, to 700 ft (210 m) in the west, near the town of Wilson, Wyoming.
Received, May 1997 · Revised, February 1998 · Accepted, April 1998 相似文献
20.
对巴颜喀拉山年宝玉则花岗岩岩体样品的锆石、磷灰石进行了裂变径迹（FT）分析。结果显示该区的隆升可以分为三大阶段：①从低绿片岩相到锆石时钟启动：从200MaBP到105．57MaBP,去顶量约为2km,样品埋深上升到距地表约6km深度。去顶速率约为0．02mm／a;②从锆石时钟启动到磷灰石时钟启动：由于磷灰石在此时已抬升到距地表约6km的深度。由此到达时钟启动需距地表约3km时,去顶量应为3km,此阶段的持续时间为101．53MaBP,去顶速率约为0．03mm／a：③从磷灰石时钟启动至达到地表（至今）：由于磷灰石在前一阶段也已抬升到距地表约3km的深度。即去顶量为3km。此阶段的持续时间为4．04MaBP,去顶速率约为0．74mm／a。 相似文献