共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 515 毫秒
1.
M. K. Azer M. D. Samuel K. A. Ali H. A. Gahlan R. J. Stern M. Ren H. E. Moussa 《Mineralogy and Petrology》2013,107(5):829-848
The Wadi Allaqi ophiolite along the Egyptian-Sudanese border defines the southernmost ophiolitic assemblage and suture zone in the Eastern Desert. Ophiolite assemblages comprise nappes composed mainly of mafic and ultramafic rocks that were tectonically emplaced and replaced by serpentine and carbonates along shear zones probably due to CO2-metasomatism. Serpentinites, altered slices of the upper mantle, represent a distinctive lithology of dismembered ophiolites of the western YOSHGAH suture. Microscopically, they are composed of more than 90 % serpentine minerals with minor opaque minerals, carbonate, brucite and talc. The mineral chemistry and whole-rock chemical data reported here indicate that the serpentinized peridotites formed as highly-depleted mantle residues. They show compositions consistent with formation in a suprasubduction zone environment. They are depleted in Al2O3 and CaO similar to those in fore-arc peridotites. Also, high Cr# (Cr/ (Cr+Al)) in the relict chrome spinels (average ~0.72) indicates that these are residual after extensive partial melting, similar to spinels in modern fore-arc peridotites. Therefore, the studied serpentinites represent fragments of an oceanic lithosphere that formed in a fore-arc environment, which belongs to an ophiolitic mantle sequence formed in a suprasubduction zone. 相似文献
2.
Origin of Neoproterozoic ophiolitic peridotites in south Eastern Desert, Egypt, constrained from primary mantle mineral chemistry 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The ophiolitic peridotites in the Wadi Arais area, south Eastern Desert of Egypt, represent a part of Neoproterozoic ophiolites of the Arabian-Nubian Shield (ANS). We found relics of fresh dunites enveloped by serpentinites that show abundances of bastite after orthopyroxene, reflecting harzburgite protoliths. The bulk-rock chemistry confirmed the harzburgites as the main protoliths. The primary mantle minerals such as orthopyroxene, olivine and chromian spinel in Arais serpentinites are still preserved. The orthopyroxene has high Mg# [=Mg/(Mg + Fe2+)], ~0.923 on average. It shows intra-grain chemical homogeneity and contains, on average, 2.28 wt.% A12O3, 0.88 wt.% Cr2O3 and 0.53 wt.% CaO, similar to primary orthopyroxenes in modern forearc peridotites. The olivine in harzburgites has lower Fo (93?94.5) than that in dunites (Fo94.3?Fo95.9). The Arais olivine is similar in NiO (0.47 wt.% on average) and MnO (0.08 wt.% on average) contents to the mantle olivine in primary peridotites. This olivine is high in Fo content, similar to Mg-rich olivines in ANS ophiolitic harzburgites, because of its residual origin. The chromian spinel, found in harzburgites, shows wide ranges of Cr#s [=Cr/(Cr + Al)], 0.46?0.81 and Mg#s, 0.34?0.67. The chromian spinel in dunites shows an intra-grain chemical homogeneity with high Cr#s (0.82?0.86). The chromian spinels in Arais peridotites are low in TiO2, 0.05 wt.% and YFe [= Fe3+/(Cr + Al + Fe3+)], ~0.06 on average. They are similar in chemistry to spinels in forearc peridotites. Their compositions associated with olivine’s Fo suggest that the harzburgites are refractory residues after high-degree partial melting (mainly ~25?30 % partial melting) and dunites are more depleted, similar to highly refractory peridotites recovered from forearcs. This is in accordance with the partial melting (>20 % melt) obtained by the whole-rock Al2O3 composition. The Arais peridotites have been possibly formed in a sub-arc setting (mantle wedge), where high degrees of partial melting were available during subduction and closing of the Mozambique Ocean, and emplaced in a forearc basin. Their equilibrium temperature based on olivine?spinel thermometry ranges from 650 to 780 °C, and their oxygen fugacity is high (Δlog ?O2?=?2.3 to 2.8), which is characteristic of mantle-wedge peridotites. The Arais peridotites are affected by secondary processes forming microinclusions inside the dunitic olivine, abundances of carbonates and talc flakes in serpentinites. These microinclusions have been formed by reaction between trapped fluids and host olivine in a closed system. Lizardite and chrysotile, based on Raman analyses, are the main serpentine minerals with lesser antigorite, indicating that serpentines were possibly formed under retrograde metamorphism during exhumation and near the surface at low T (<400 °C). 相似文献
3.
Yousif Osman Mohammad 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2011,4(1-2):69-83
Two types of serpentinized peridotites are distinguished within the Northwest Zagros Thrust Zone (NW-ZTZ) in Kurdistan region of Iraq. One is found as lower members of ophiolite sequences, such as the Mawat and Penjwin ophiolites of the upper Cretaceous age. The other is represented by intraformational isolated serpentinite bodies in Betwat, Qaladeza, and Qalander areas within the Walash–Naopurdan volcano-sedimentary unit of the Paleocene to Eocene paleo-arc tectonic setting. Serpentinites within the NW-ZTZ consist mainly of lizardite and chrysotile, with subordinate amounts of syn-serpentinization magnetite, carbonates, chromium chlorite, tremolite, and talc as secondary minerals, and olivine, clinopyroxene, and chromian spinel as primary minerals. Minor antigorite is also found in the sheared serpentinites often found in ophiolite sequences. Petrological and geochemical studies of serpentinites from the NW-ZTZ show that, of the original protoliths of serpentinites, those associated with ophiolites are residual depleted harzburgite and dunite. The $ {\text{Cr}}\# \left( {{{ = {\text{ Cr}}} \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{ = {\text{ Cr}}} {\left( {{\text{Cr}} + {\text{Al}}} \right){\text{ atomic ratio}}}}} \right. \kern-0em} {\left( {{\text{Cr}} + {\text{Al}}} \right){\text{ atomic ratio}}}}} \right) $ of chromian spinel is more than 0.6, and the forsterite content of olivine is 91–92. On the other hand, the original protolith of isolated serpentinite bodies is less depleted harzburgite or depleted lherzolite, which has spinel with Cr# less than 0.6 and olivine with 90–91 forsterite contents. Whole rock chemistry of major, trace, and rare earth elements shows that the serpentinites of ophiolite sequences are depleted in CaO, Al2O3, and SiO2, Sr, and Zr, and are enriched in MgO, Ni, and Cr, in comparison with the isolated serpentinites. Cr# of the disseminated unaltered chromian spinels indicates that the serpentinites of both types had been originated from the supra-subduction zone tectonic setting; the serpentinites of ophiolite sequences obducted and thrusted over the continental margin during the obduction of the Tethyth oceanic crust onto the Arabian continental margin during the upper Cretaceous period. Isolated serpentinite bodies represent serpentinized forearc mantle wedge peridotites emplaced by diapiric upwelling into non-accretionary forearc tectonic settings during the Paleocene to Eocene age. 相似文献
4.
Metamorphosed serpentinites of the Tidding Suture Zone (TSZ), eastern Himalaya, contain variably altered Cr‐spinels that are concentrically zoned from high‐Cr, low‐Fe3+ spinel at the core to Cr‐magnetite at the rim. Two types of Cr‐spinel have been recognized, based on back‐scattered electron imaging in conjunction with microprobe analytical profiles. Cr‐spinel type‐I is present in the least metamorphosed serpentinite (Cr# = 0.78–0.85, Mg# = 0.38–0.45) and Cr‐spinel type‐II is present in the most highly metamorphosed serpentinite (Cr# = 0.86–0.94, Mg# = 0.10–0.34). Primary igneous compositions are preserved in the type‐I chromites whereas these compositions have been partly or completely obscured by metamorphism and alteration in type‐II grains. The enrichment of Mn and Zn increases from the type‐I (MnO = 1.86–2.42 wt.%, ZnO = 0.77–1.67 wt.%) to type‐II (MnO = 2.72–4.04 wt.%, ZnO = 1.33–3.22 wt.%) and the strong similarity in their distribution patterns implies that these elements were introduced during low‐grade metamorphism and serpentinization. The abundance of Mg‐rich chlorite and serpentine minerals suggest that olivine was the predominant silicate phase before serpentinization. Zn and Mn enrichment in the core zone of the Cr‐spinel is due to the substitution of Mg2+ and in part of Fe2+, by Zn and Mn. These elements were probably supplied from olivine upon serpentinization during and after obduction of the ophiolitic mélange along the Tidding Suture Zone in the eastern Himalaya, NE India. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
5.
西昆仑库地蛇绿岩发育小规模的铬铁矿床,矿体呈豆荚状和层状、似层状,均与纯橄岩紧密伴生。这些纯橄岩主要由橄榄石和副矿物尖晶石组成,与方辉橄榄岩相比,橄榄岩中的橄榄石粒径粗(平均2.5mm),Mg#(88~90)低,这与它们全岩低Mg#(90)值,富Al_2O_3、TiO_2、Cr_2O_3、Fe_2O_3相吻合,与熔融残余成因的纯橄岩明显不同,反映了其很可能是由熔体与方辉橄榄岩反应而成。矿体主要由块状、浸染状及脉状铬铁矿石组成;铬铁矿石中的尖晶石具有低而相对稳定的Cr#(43~56),低于富铬型铬铁矿矿床中的铬铁矿(Cr#60)。块状矿石与纯橄岩呈突变接触,矿石中的尖晶石呈浑圆状,包裹有较多橄榄石、辉石等硅酸盐矿物及角闪石等含水硅酸盐矿物;浸染状铬铁矿石中的尖晶石与橄榄石颗粒构成交织结构,或呈云朵状,沿橄榄石颗粒边界相互连接,矿石的结构构造显示了熔/岩反应成因特征。通过计算分析,我们认为该区富铝型铬铁矿石是由拉斑玄武质熔体与地幔橄榄岩反应而成,由于熔体中含有较高的H_2O,参与反应的熔体可能源于弧后扩张脊环境。 相似文献
6.
The Zermatt‐Saas serpentinite complex is an integral member of the Penninic ophiolites of the Central Alps and represents the mantle part of the oceanic lithosphere of the Tethys. Metamorphic textures of the serpentinite preserve the complex mineralogical evolution from primary abyssal peridotite through ocean‐floor hydration, subduction‐related high‐pressure overprint, meso‐Alpine greenschist facies metamorphism, and late‐stage hydrothermal alteration. The early ocean floor hydration of the spinel harzburgites is still visible in relic pseudomorphic bastite and locally preserved mesh textures. The primary serpentine minerals were completely replaced by antigorite. The stable assemblage in subduction‐related mylonitic serpentinites is antigorite–olivine–magnetite ± diopside. The mid‐Tertiary greenschist facies overprint is characterized by minor antigorite recrystallization. Textural and mineral composition data of this study prove that the hydrated mineral assemblages remained stable during high‐pressure metamorphism of up to 2.5 GPa and 650 °C. The Zermatt‐Saas serpentinites thus provide a well documented example for the lack of dehydration of a mantle fragment during subduction to 75 km depth. 相似文献
7.
The Neoproterozoic Allaqi-Heiani suture （800-700 Ma） in the south Eastern Desert of Egypt is the northernmost linear ophiolitic belt that defines an arc-arc suture in the Arabian- Nubian shield （ANS）. The Neoproterozoic serpentinized peridotites represent a distinct lithology of dismembered ophiolites along the Allaqi-Heiani suture zone. The alteration of peridotites varies, some contain relicts of primary minerals （Cr-spinel and olivine） and others are extremely altered, especially along thrusts and shear zones, with development of talc, talc-carbonate and quartz-carbonate. The fresh cores of the chromian spinels are rimmed by ferritchromite and Cr- magnetite. The fresh chromian spinels have high Cr# （0.62 to 0.79）, while Mg# shows wider variation （0.35-0.59）. High Cr# in the relict chromian spinels and Fo content in the primary olivines indicate that they are residual peridotites after extensive partial melting. The studied ophiolitic upper mantle peridotites are highly depleted and most probably underwent high degrees of partial melting at a supra-subduction zone setting. They can be produced by up to -20%-22% dynamic melting of a primitive mantle source. The mineralogical and geochemical features of the studied rocks reflect that the mantle peridotites of the north part of the Wadi Allaqi district are similar to the fore-arc peridotites of a supra-subduction zone. 相似文献
8.
PP3超镁铁岩主要岩石类型有纯橄岩和石榴石橄榄岩,两者为渐变,主要矿物为橄榄石、铬尖晶石、石榴石、单斜辉石和斜方辉石.铬尖晶石的Cr#[Cr/(Cr+Mg) ×100]从51~89变化,TiO2和MnO2值分别低于0.26%和0.46%.铬尖晶石矿物表现为4期次演化的特点,反映了从岩浆期、榴辉岩相、角闪岩相和绿片岩相演化特征.随着超镁铁岩的演化,铬尖晶石表现为Cr#不断增大,而Mg#[Mg×100/(Mg+Fe2+) ]不断减少、氧逸度不断增加的过程.PP3铬尖晶石反映了地幔来源,为大陆岩石圈超镁铁岩特征,后期随折返而演化.从石榴石与铬尖晶石相互转变过程看出,PP3超镁铁岩经历了深度加大的过程,超镁铁岩曾经到达100km以上的岩石圈地幔深处.在绿片岩相-绿片角闪岩相变质过程中,铬尖晶石中Cr、Mg和Al减少,Fe相对增加,产生富Cr尖晶石变质作用样式.晚期剪切变形等次生变化影响了铬尖晶石矿物成分. 相似文献
9.
South of the Matterhorn the Valtournanche cuts through Alpine serpentinites, metagabbros, meta-pillowbasalts and metasediments—dismembered remnants of the Jurassic Tethyan oceanic crust, reassembled in the Piemonte ophiolite nappe. This study deals with a serpentinized ultramafic to mafic layered complex stemming from a spreading ridge environment. Cumulus fabrics of various kinds can be read through antigorite pseudomorphs, still allowing the detailed reconstruction of deep oceanic crust. Relics of igneous and metamorphic olivine prove crustal conditions during deformation. Fracturing of cumulus olivine was succeeded by plastic flow that activated low-temperature slip systems. Concomitant recrystallization produced metaperidotite only along shear zones, which are ascribed to subduction of the oceanic crust. At the turning point from subduction to obduction a static metamorphic event resulted in recovery and grain growth of recrystallized olivine. Afterwards serpentinization of the complex took place still under static conditions. Deformation of the serpentinite led to a sequence of four phases, involving non-penetrative cleavage formation, stretching and folding. This deformation is structurally related to obduction of the complex although partly accompanied by subduction zone metamorphism. Final movements of the ophiolites were due to cataclastic thrusting forming subnappe boundaries. 相似文献
10.
《International Geology Review》2012,54(6):687-702
ABSTRACTThe dismembered ophiolites in Wadi Arais area of the south Eastern Desert of Egypt are one of a series of Neoproterozoic ophiolites found within the Arabian–Nubian Shield (ANS). We present new major, trace, and rare earth element analyses and mineral composition data from samples of the Wadi Arais ophiolitic rocks with the goal of constraining their geotectonic setting. The suite includes serpentinized ultramafics (mantle section) and greenschist facies metagabbros (crustal section). The major and trace element characteristics of the metagabbro unit show a tholeiitic to calc-alkaline affinity. The serpentinized ultramafics display a bastite, or less commonly mesh, texture of serpentine minerals reflecting harzburgite and dunite protoliths, and unaltered relics of olivine, orthopyroxene, clinopyroxene, and chrome spinel can be found. Bulk-rock chemistry confirms harzburgite as the main protolith. The high Mg# (91.93–93.15) and low Al2O3/SiO2 ratios (0.01–0.02) of the serpentinized peridotite, together with the high Cr# (>0.6) of their Cr-spinels and the high NiO contents (0.39–0.49 wt.%) of their olivines, are consistent with residual mantle rocks that experienced high degrees of partial melt extraction. The high Cr# and low TiO2 contents (0.02–0.34 wt.%) of the Cr-spinels are most consistent with modern highly refractory fore-arc peridtotites and suggest that these rocks probably developed in a supra-subduction zone environment. 相似文献
11.
The Qinling Orogenic Belt was formed by subduction and collision between the North and South China Blocks along the Shangdan suture. The Songshugou ultramafic massif located on the northern side of the Shangdan suture provides essential insights into the mantle origin and evolutionary processes during spreading and subduction of the Shangdan oceanic lithosphere. The ultramafic massif comprises harzburgite, coarse- and fine-grained dunites. The spinels from harzburgite exhibit low Cr# and high Mg# numbers, suggesting a mid-ocean ridge peridotite origin, whereas spinels from both coarse- and fine-grained dunites are indicated as resulted from melt-rock reaction due to their systematic higher Cr# and low Mg# numbers. This melt-rock reaction in the dunites is also indicated by the low TiO2 (mostly <0.4 wt%) in the spinel and high Fo (90–92) in olivines. Due to its relatively homogeneous nature in the mantle, oxygen isotopic composition is a sensitive indicator for the petrogenesis and tectonic setting of the Songshugou ultramafic rocks. Based on in-situ oxygen isotope analyses of olivines from twenty-six rock samples, most harzburgites from the Songshugou ultramafic massif show low δ18O values of 4.54–5.30‰, suggesting the olivines are equilibrium with N-MORB magmas and originally formed in a mid-ocean ridge setting. The coarse- and fine-grained dunites exhibit slightly higher olivine δ18O values of 4.69–6.00‰ and 5.00–6.11‰, respectively, suggesting they may have been modified by subduction-related boninitic melt-rock reaction. The δ18O values of olivines systematically increasing from the harzburgites, to coarse-grained dunites and fine-grained dunites may suggest enhancing of melt-rock reaction. The decreasing of Os concentration, 187Re/188Os and 187Os/188Os ratios from harzburgite to dunite suggest an 187Os-enriched, subduction zone melt was responsible for creating the melt channel for melt-rock reactions. Together with the high-temperature ductile deformation microstructures, these isotopic and mineral geochemical features suggest that the harzburgites represent mantle residues after partial melting at mid-ocean ridge or supra-subduction zone, while the dunites were probably resulted from reactions between boninitic melt and harzburgites in a supra-subduction zone. Re-Os geochronology yields a maximum Re depletion model age (TRD) of 805 Ma, constraining the minimum formation age of the harzburgites derived from oceanic mantle. Eight samples of whole rock and chromite yield a Re-Os isochron age of 500 ± 120 Ma, constraining the timing of melt-rock reactions. Combined with the regional geology and our previous investigations, the Songshugou ultramafic rocks favors a mantle origin at mid-ocean ridge before 805 Ma, and were modified by boninitic melt percolations in a SSZ setting at ca. 500 Ma. This long-term tectonic process from spreading to subduction might imply a huge Pan-Tethyan ocean between the Laurasia (e.g., North China Block) and Gondwana (e.g., South China Block) and/or a one-side subduction. 相似文献
12.
Conventional diamond exploration seldom searches directly for diamonds in rock and soil samples. Instead, it focuses on the search for indicator minerals like chrome spinel, which can be used to evaluate diamond potential. Chrome spinels are preserved as pristine minerals in the early Paleozoic (∼465 Ma), hydrothermally altered, Group I No. 30 pipe kimberlite that intruded the Neoproterozoic Qingbaikou strata in Wafangdian, North China Craton (NCC). The characteristics of the chrome spinels were investigated by petrographic observation (BSE imaging), quantitative chemical analysis (EPMA), and Raman spectral analysis. The results show that the chrome spinels are mostly sub-rounded with extremely few grains being subhedral, and these spinels are macrocrystic, more than 500 µm in size. The chrome spinels also have compositional zones: the cores are classified as magnesiochromite as they have distinctly chromium-rich (Cr2O3 up to 66.56 wt%) and titanium-poor (TiO2 < 1 wt%) compositions; and the rims are classified as magnetite as they have chromium-poor and iron-rich composition. In the cores of chrome spinels, compositional variations are controlled by Al3+-Cr3+ isomorphism, which results in a strong Raman spectra peak (A1g mode) varying from 690 cm−1 to 702.9 cm−1. In the rims of chrome spinel, compositional variations result in the A1g peak varying from 660 cm−1 to 672 cm−1. The morphology and chemical compositions indicate that the chrome spinels are mantle xenocrysts. The cores of the spinel are remnants of primary mantle xenocrysts that have been resorbed, and the rims were formed during kimberlite magmatism. The compositions of the cores are used to evaluate the diamond potential of this kimberlite through comparison with the compositions of chrome spinels from the Changmazhuang and No. 50 pipe kimberlites in the NCC. In MgO, Al2O3 and TiO2 versus Cr2O3 plots, the chrome spinels from the Changmazhuang and No. 50 pipe kimberlites are mostly located in the diamond stability field. However, only a small proportion of chrome spinels from No. 30 pipe kimberlite have same behavior, which indicates that the diamond potential of the former two kimberlites is greater than that of the No. 30 pipe kimberlite. This is also supported by compositional zones in the spinel grains: there is with an increase in Fe3+ in the rims, which suggests that the chrome spinels experienced highly oxidizing conditions. Oxidizing conditions may have been imparted by fluids/melts that have a great influence on diamond destruction. Here, we suggest that chrome spinel compositions can be a useful tool for identifying the target for diamond potential in the North China Craton. 相似文献
13.
雅鲁藏布江缝合带西段普兰蛇绿岩中地幔橄榄岩的岩石学研究 总被引：14，自引：10，他引：4
西藏雅鲁藏布江缝合带西段普兰蛇绿岩以出现面积约600余平方千米的特大型地幔橄榄岩体而引人注目.该地幔橄榄岩以方辉橄榄岩为主体,含有少量的二辉橄榄岩和纯橄榄岩,岩体中另有一些橄榄单斜辉石岩、辉长岩和辉绿岩等侵入体.地幔橄榄岩的主要造岩矿物橄榄石的Fo 90～93,其中呈包裹体的橄榄石的Fo略高,斜方辉石为顽火辉石(En 88～90),单斜辉石主要为顽透辉石和透辉石,以低铝(0.48％～3.96％)和高Mg#(91～96)为特征,铬尖晶石的Cr#值为18～69,其中方辉橄榄岩和二辉橄榄岩中的铬尖晶石属富铝型尖晶石,而纯橄岩中为富铬型尖晶石.橄榄单斜辉石岩的橄榄石Fo值一致较低,平均为88.4,斜方辉石En平均87,单斜辉石以透辉石为主,铬尖晶石的Cr#值为45～69.普兰地幔橄榄岩及橄榄单斜辉石岩都具有相似的稀土元素和微量元素配分模式,表现为LREE相对富集,Eu亏损不明显,微量元素中大离子亲石元素含量较低,部分样品高场强元素亏损,另一些则相对富集,显示地幔橄榄岩具有亏损地幔源区特征,但也具有俯冲带流体的交代特征,表明普兰岩体可能经历了MOR和SSZ两种构造环境,该特征与雅鲁藏布江缝合带东段的罗布莎地幔橄榄岩的特征可以对比. 相似文献
14.
Petrological investigation of the Ganyu peridotite in the Sulu ultrahigh-pressure terrane, eastern China 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The ultramafic body sampled in the Chinese Continental Scientific Drilling (CCSD) Hole PP3 is located in the eastern part of the Dabie-Sulu UHP metamorphic belt near Donghai County. It is about 480 m thick, and consists chiefly of garnet peridotite, dunite and serpentinite. The principal minerals include olivine, chromium spinel, diopside, enstatite, garnet with minor secondary augite, phlogopite and amphibole. Both the olivine and orthopyroxene are highly magnesian, and the garnet is pyropic with 5.4-6.4% CaO and 0.3-3.3% Cr2O3. Two generations of clinopyroxene are present; an early diopside followed by augite. Chromium spinels are highly variable with Cr#s (100Cr / (Cr + Al)) between 51 and 89, and their compositions reflect different processes of formation, namely partial melting and eclogite, amphibole and greenschist facies metamorphism. The Mg#s (100 Mg / (Mg + Fe2+))of the spinels correlate positively with the Cr#s but negatively with oxygen fugacity. Based on the spinel compositions the ultramafic rocks originated in the shallow mantle, then subducted to depths of more than 100 km and finally exhumed to the surface. They underwent partial melting at shallow depths, mostly in the spinel facies, and were later transformed into garnet peridotites during deep subduction. All of the rocks were weakly metasomatized during exhumation and were subjected to retrograde metamorphism. 相似文献
15.
J. C. Bevan 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》1982,79(2):124-129
Reaction between chrome spinel and its supernatant magma due to changes in magmatic composition or temperature is well known; its effects can be observed in these rocks. However, evidence of solid-solid reaction between chrome spinels and enclosing olivine is also present, in the form of relict diffusion profiles in some of the olivines, and an orthopyroxene reaction product rimming the spinel. In addition, the Rhum specimens contain rims of plagioclase resulting from solid-liquid reaction around chrome spinels within the margins of olivine. Detailed microprobe traverses and analysis of reaction products have been made in an attempt to determine the equations for these reactions. 相似文献
16.
Ultrahigh-pressure garnet peridotites from the devolatilization of sea-floor hydrated ultramafic rocks 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
Garnet peridotites occur in quartzofeldspathic gneisses in the Northern Qaidam Mountains, western China. They are rich in Mg and Cr, with mineral compositions similar to those in mantle peridotites found in other orogenic belts and as xenoliths in kimberlite. Garnet‐bearing lherzolites interlayered with dunite display oriented ilmenite and chromite lamellae in olivine and pyroxene lamellae in garnet that have been interpreted to indicate pressures in excess of 6 GPa. However, some garnet porphyroblasts include hornblende, chlorite and spinel + orthopyroxene symplectite after garnet; some clinopyroxene porphyroblasts include abundant actinolite/edenite, calcite and lizardite in the lherzolite; some olivine porphyroblasts (Fo92) include an earlier generation Mg‐rich olivine (Fo95–99), F‐rich clinohumite, pyroxene, chromite, anthophyllite/cummingtonite, Cl‐rich lizardite, carbonates and a new type of brittle mica, here termed ‘Ca‐phlogopite’, in the associated dunite. The pyrope content of garnet increases from core to rim, reaching the pyrope content (72 mol.%) of garnet typically found in the xenoliths in kimberlite. The simplest interpretation of these observations is that the rock association was formerly mantle peridotite emplaced into the oceanic crust that was subjected to serpentinization by seawater‐derived fluids near the sea floor. Dehydration during subduction to 3.0–3.5 GPa and 700 °C transformed these serpentinites into garnet lherzolite and dunite, depending on their Al and Ca contents. Pseudosection modelling using thermocalc shows that dehydration of the serpentinites is progressive, and involved three stages for Al‐rich and two stages for Al‐poor serpentinites, corresponding to the breakdown of the key hydrous minerals. Static burial and exhumation make olivine a pressure vessel for the pre‐subduction mineral inclusions during ultrahigh‐pressure (UHP) metamorphism. The time span of the UHP event is constrained by the clear interface between the two generations of olivine to be very short, implying rapid subduction and exhumation. 相似文献
17.
Mariana Cosarinsky Laurie A. Leshin Glenn J. MacPherson Alexander N. Krot 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》2008,72(7):1887-1913
A correlation of petrography, mineral chemistry and in situ oxygen isotopic compositions of fine-grained olivine from the matrix and of fine- and coarse-grained olivine from accretionary rims around Ca-Al-rich inclusions (CAIs) and chondrules in CV chondrites is used here to constrain the processes that occurred in the solar nebula and on the CV parent asteroid. The accretionary rims around Leoville, Vigarano, and Allende CAIs exhibit a layered structure: the inner layer consists of coarse-grained, forsteritic and 16O-rich olivine (Fa1-40 and Δ17O = −24‰ to −5‰; the higher values are always found in the outer part of the layer and only in the most porous meteorites), whereas the middle and the outer layers contain finer-grained olivines that are more fayalitic and 16O-depleted (Fa15-50 and Δ17O = −18‰ to +1‰). The CV matrices and accretionary rims around chondrules have olivine grains of textures, chemical and isotopic compositions similar to those in the outer layers of accretionary rims around CAIs. There is a correlation between local sample porosity and olivine chemical and isotopic compositions: the more compact regions (the inner accretionary rim layer) have the most MgO- and 16O-rich compositions, whereas the more porous regions (outer rim layers around CAIs, accretionary rims around chondrules, and matrices) have the most MgO- and 16O-poor compositions. In addition, there is a negative correlation of olivine grain size with fayalite contents and Δ17O values. However, not all fine-grained olivines are FeO-rich and 16O-poor; some small (<1 μm in Leoville and 5-10 μm in Vigarano and Allende) ferrous (Fa>20) olivine grains in the outer layers of the CAI accretionary rims and in the matrix show significant enrichments in 16O (Δ17O = −20‰ to −10‰). We infer that the inner layer of the accretionary rims around CAIs and, at least, some olivine grains in the finer portions of accretionary rims and CV matrices formed in an 16O-rich gaseous reservoir, probably in the CAI-forming region. Grains in the outer layers of the CAI accretionary rims and in the rims around chondrules as well as matrix may have also originated as 16O-rich olivine. However, these olivines must have exchanged O isotopes to variable extents in the presence of an 16O-poor reservoir, possibly the nebular gas in the chondrule-forming region(s) and/or fluids in the parent body. The observed trend in isotopic compositions may arise from mixtures of 16O-rich forsterites with grain overgrowths or newly formed grains of 16O-poor fayalitic olivines formed during parent body metamorphism. However, the observed correlations of chemical and isotopic compositions of olivine with grain size and local porosity of the host meteorite suggest that olivine accreted as a single population of 16O-rich forsterite and subsequently exchanged Fe-Mg and O isotopes in situ in the presence of aqueous solutions (i.e., fluid-assisted thermal metamorphism). 相似文献
18.
J. BERGER O. FEMENIAS J. C. C. MERCIER D. DEMAIFFE 《Journal of Metamorphic Geology》2005,23(9):795-812
The Limousin ophiolite is located at the suture zone between two major thrust sheets in the western French Massif Central. This ophiolitic section comprises mantle‐harzburgite, mantle‐dunite, wehrlites, troctolites and layered gabbros. It has recorded a static metamorphic event transforming the gabbros into undeformed amphibolites and the magmatic ultramafites into serpentinites and/or pargasite‐bearing chloritites. With various thermobarometric methods, it is possible to show that the different varieties of amphibole have registered low‐P (c. 0.2 GPa) conditions with temperature ranging from high‐T, late‐magmatic conditions to greenschist–zeolite metamorphic facies. The abundance of undeformed metamorphic rocks (which is typical of the lower oceanic crust), the occurrence of Ca–Al (–Mg) metasomatism illustrated by the growth of Ca–Al silicates in veins or replacing the primary magmatic minerals, the P–T conditions of the metamorphism and the numerous similarities with oceanic crustal rocks from Ocean Drilling Program and worldwide ophiolites are the main arguments for an ocean‐floor hydrothermal metamorphism in the vicinity of a palaeo‐ridge. Among the West‐European Variscan ophiolites, the Limousin ophiolites constitute an extremely rare occurrence that has not been involved in any HP (subduction‐related) or MP (orogenic) metamorphism as observed in other ophiolite occurrences (i.e. France, Spain and Germany). 相似文献
19.
Abdel-Aal M. Abdel-Karim Waheed I. Elwan Hassan Helmy Shymaa A. El-Shafey 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2014,7(2):693-709
Spinels, Fe–Ti oxide minerals, apatites, and carbonates hosted in ophiolitic serpentinites and metagabbros of Gabal Garf (southern ED) and Wadi Hammariya (central ED) of Egypt are discussed. Microscopic and electron probe studies on these minerals are made to evaluate their textural and compositional variations. Alteration of chromites led to form ferritchromite and magnetite; rutile–magnetite intergrowths and martite are common in serpentinites. Fine trillis exsolution of ilmenite–magnetite and ilmenite–hematite and intergrowth of rutile–magnetite and ilmenite–sphene are recorded. Composite intergrowth grains of titanomagnetite–ilmenite trellis lamellae are common in metagabbros. The formation of ilmenite trellis and lamellae in magnetite and titanomagnetite indicate an oxidation process due to excess of oxygen contained in titanomagnetite; trapped and external oxidizing agents. This indicates the high P H2O and oxygen fugacity of the parental magma. The sulfides minerals include pyrrhotite, pyrite and chalcopyrite. Based on the chemical characteristics, the Fe–Ti oxide from the ophiolitic metagabbros in both areas corresponds to ilmenite. The patites from the metagabbros are identified as fluor-apatite. Carbonates are represented by dolomites in serpentinites and calcite in metagabbros. Spinel crystals in serpentinites are homogenous or zoned with unaltered cores of Al-spinel to ferritchromit and Cr-magnetite toward the altered rims. Compared to cores, the metamorphic rims are enriched in Cr# (0.87–1.00 vs. 0.83–0.86 for rims and cores, respectively) and impoverished in Mg# (0.26–0.48 vs. 0.56–0.67) due to Mg–Fe and Al (Cr)–Fe3+ exchange with the surrounding silicates during regional metamorphism rather than serpentinization process. The Fe–Ti oxides have been formed under temperature of ~800 °C for ilmenite. Al-spinels equilibrated below 500–550 °C, while the altered spinel rims correspond to metamorphism around 500–600 °C. Geochemical evidence of the podiform Al-spinels suggest a greenschist up to lower amphibolite facies metamorphism (at 500–600 °C), which is isofacial with the host rocks. Al-spinel cores do not appear to have re-equilibrated completely with the metamorphic spinel rims and surrounding silicates, suggesting relic magmatic composition unaffected by metamorphism. The composition of Al-spinel grains suggest an ophiolitic origin and derivation by crystallization of boninitic magma that belonging to a supra-subduction setting could form either in forearcs during an incipient stage of subduction initiation or in back-arc basins. 相似文献
20.
Both magmatic and eclogitic parageneses are preserved in the gabbros of western Alpine ophiolites. Samples with relic magmatic mineralogies display partial transformation to eclogitic assemblages along cracks and grain boundaries. Gabbros with eclogitic mineralogies contain zoned pseudomorphs after olivine, comprising talc-rich cores with kyanite, Mg-chloritoid and omphacite in outer cores and garnet rims. The compositional zonation of these olivine pseudomorphs closely parallels that shown by olivines in hydrothermally altered ocean-floor gabbros. The eclogitic gabbros are hydrous, containing paragonite, zoisite and other water-bearing minerals, and it has been suggested that water was introduced during high-pressure metamorphism. However, the similarity of olivine alteration patterns to those of ocean-floor gabbros suggests that hydration and local metasomatism leading to the stability of aluminous minerals in olivine sites occurred during hydrothermal alteration prior to subduction. Oxygen-isotope systematics are consistent with this proposal: Alpine gabbros with magmatic relics have a mean δ18O value of 5.7±0.7, similar to that of unaltered oceanic crust, whereas eclogitic gabbros have a mean δ18O value of 4.8±0.9.This statistically significant difference is consistent with the eclogitic samples having undergone high-temperature ocean-floor alteration. The preservation of magmatic and hydrothermal δ18O values in ocean-floor gabbros that have been metamorphosed at 2–2.5 GPa (60–75 km) implies that the deeper levels of ocean crust have not experienced pervasive fluid flow during subduction or subsequent exhumation. Magmatic assemblages were preserved despite an overstep of eclogitization reactions by at least 0.6–1.1 GPa implying that equilibrium was not attained in undeformed parts of the system because of slow diffusion in water-deficient rock volumes. 相似文献