共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 140 毫秒
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2021年5月22日2时04分在青海省果洛藏族自治州玛多县发生7.4级地震,为了查明此次地震产生的地表破裂和伴生次生灾害发育特征,调查组采用遥感解译和实地调查方式对地震影响区进行了调查。调查结果显示,在玛多-甘德断裂和昆仑山口-江错断裂之间形成了一条宽约75 km、长约230 km的活动断裂带,地表新发现地裂缝653条、砂土液化和喷砂冒水点1237个、地震鼓包97个、塌陷坑2个。地表破裂总体呈北西—南东向展布,自西向东出现马尾状分支的现象,东段与玛多-甘德断裂带以一定角度斜交,地裂缝整体走向与昆仑山口-江错断裂走向高度一致。地震地表破裂发育特征显示,此次玛多Ms7.4级地震的发震断裂为昆仑山口-江错断裂,断面整体南倾,性质为左行走滑。此次大地震的发生是在印度板块向青藏高原挤压背景下,巴颜喀拉地块强烈向东挤出构造作用导致其北部走滑断裂发生左旋运动的结果。调查结果为地方政府关于灾区地震灾害损失评估及灾后重建提供了第一手基础资料。 相似文献
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《水文地质工程地质技术方法动态》2009,(4):I0002-I0005
在充分收集调研西安地区地质及地裂缝研究资料基础上。在西安市区进行可控震源地震勘探剖面40km,查明第四系断层在深部的发育特征和新第三系上部地层主要地震反射标准层及其断裂构造格局;探查市区地裂缝深部发育特征,对地震勘探成果资料进行解释,分析断裂与地裂缝之间的联系。 相似文献
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北京顺义区地质环境的主要特征及治理措施 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文在北京顺义区国土资源与地质环境大调查工作的基础上，对顺义区的主要地质环境进行了初步调查，认为该区地质环境比较脆弱，如断裂活动性强、地震活动频度高、地壳稳定性差、第四纪地层发育、松散易液化的细粉砂土及不规则分布的软土分布面积较广，地面及地基工程地质条件较差、水资源不足，容易发生地震、地裂缝、砂土液化、地面沉降、水环境污染及地基失稳等地质灾害，建议进行专门的综合性地质环境调查研究工作，为顺义区总体发展规划、保护地质环境以及减少地质灾害损失等提供科学依据。 相似文献
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北京市顺义平原区地质环境的主要特征及地质灾害现状 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
文章对顺义区地质环境的主要特征及地质灾害现状进行了初步研究。该区地质环境比较脆弱，断裂活动性强，地震活动频度高，松散易液化的细粉砂土及不规则分布的软土分布面积较广，地面及地基工程地质条件较差、水资源不足，容易发生地震、地裂缝、砂土液化、地面沉降、水环境污染及地基失稳等地质灾害。建议进行专门的综合性地质环境及地质灾害调查研究工作，为顺义区总体发展规划、保护生态环境以及减少地质灾害损失等提供科学依据。 相似文献
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地裂缝是太原盆地主要的地质灾害之一,自20世纪80年代以来,到2012年8月共发现地裂缝107条带,地裂缝所过之处建筑设施遭到严重破坏。本文以太原盆地裂缝为研究对象,发现地裂缝主要沿太谷-祁县-平遥和清徐-交城-文水呈带状群发,地裂缝发育区位于盆地地下水降落漏斗的边缘和第四系地层沉积厚度变化较大的区域。太原盆地深部莫霍面隆起,导致基底断块掀斜,地震勘探显示两大地裂缝群发带沿交城凹陷边缘断裂分布。我们认为太原盆地地裂缝呈带状群发的特征可能与莫霍面隆起导致的基底断折掀斜相关,或许还受盆地持续的区域拉张应力作用影响,但现今的超常活动应当是人类超采地下水诱发的。 更多还原 相似文献
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砂土液化是地震主要次生地质灾害之一。在512汶川地震中,德阳等地发生较大面积砂土液化现象。为详细了解液化带工程地质基本特征,选择板桥学校液化带进行详细液化震害调查、钻探和现场试验。结果表明:（1）液化震害典型,主要包括喷水冒砂、地表裂缝、侧移和基础下沉等;（2）砾石层是唯一的无粘性土层,砾石层分为性质不同的全新世沉积和更新世沉积两部分,未见砂层分布;（3）液化土层是全新统砾石层,该砾石的颗粒大小分布特征表现为级配不良,并有粒组缺失现象;（4）非液化盖层对喷出物有过滤作用,砂粒等细颗粒容易沿裂缝喷出地表,卵砾石等粗颗粒受阻留在土层中,导致喷出物为砂土。 相似文献
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浑河断裂带是辽宁抚顺地区最为重要的一条活动断裂。为了深入调查沿浑河断裂带地质灾害发育情况,了解灾害形成与先存断裂之间的关系,为同类型灾害的防治和预警提供科学依据。本文采用现场调查方法,结合地面变形监测资料,厘清了浑河断裂带灾害类型和发育规律,剖析了断裂带灾害的形成机理。研究结果表明：断裂隐伏区地裂缝发育,主要沿浑河断裂带分支断裂展布,裂缝延伸长度300～2 400 m;其成因是抚顺城区南部采矿活动诱发了先存软弱断裂面局部拉裂、张开,进而向地表扩展、贯通,形成地裂缝。在断裂延伸的基岩地区沿断裂破碎带及影响带发育小型滑坡,主滑方向与断裂走向垂直或大角度斜交;其形成机制与岩体内部发育的结构面有关,尤其是顺坡向优势结构面的发育,其与坡体耦合形成易滑结构体,在长期降雨作用下,结构面软化、贯通及岩土体加速蠕滑,最终形成滑坡。 相似文献
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2008年3月21日新疆于田7.1级地震发生在青藏高原北缘东昆仑山、西昆仑山和阿尔金山交汇的地区。文中介绍了此次地震的近断层破坏作用。此次地震在阿尔金断裂西端近南北向谷地海拔4 900~5 600 m东坡形成了近31 km长的地震地表破裂带。破裂带主要显示正断层滑动性质,其总体走向近南北,但局部追索北北西和北北东向共轭断裂发育,走向变化很大。受地形及滑塌作用影响,断裂陡坎高度最大可达20 m,垂直位移为2 m左右,最大水平拉张量也接近1.8 m,此外局部还存在近1 m的左旋位移。沿断裂发育一个近10 hm2的滑坡体,以及大量中小规模的滑坡、崩塌,多为冰碛物、洪积物及残坡积物等松散堆积。虽位于陡峭的山坡上,也未见大规模基岩崩塌、滑坡。通过平地上巨石的翻滚推测,断层附近的最大加速度峰值可达1 g。同时根据不同坡度的边坡崩塌和滚石发育程度估算出距离断层不同距离地区的地震震动峰值加速度。地裂缝分布范围较宽,距断层1 km的地区仍可见到长度超过100 m的地裂缝。这些地裂缝可能是地震震动、谷地边坡变形及旁支断层地震触发滑动的综合产物。极震区最大烈度估计可达Ⅹ度,综合各方面资料文章提供了该次地震Ⅸ度、Ⅷ度、和Ⅶ度等震线;长轴方向呈NNESSW向,与余震方向大致一致。近断层破坏作用包括强地面运动、断层破裂带、地裂缝、滑坡、崩塌、滚石等。它们受到震级、断裂活动性质及场地条件等多因素控制。 相似文献
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江西省瑞昌市地震次生地质灾害特征分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
张国华 《华东地质学院学报》2008,31(2)
2005年11月26日江西省瑞昌市与九江县间发生里氏5.7级地震,地震诱发了一系列地质灾害,类型有地面塌陷、地裂缝和砂土液化三类,以地面塌陷较为发育.文章根据地质环境条件、地质灾害发生的时间、空间分布等特征,分析了其与地震的关系.并对次生地质灾害的成因进行了探讨,认为此次地震为次生地质灾害的发生提供了动力条件,瑞昌城区供水井抽水加大了发生地面塌陷的概率. 相似文献
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近年来由于北京市平原区地裂缝灾害凸显,不仅加速地表水土流失,而且对灾害区基础设施建设造成严重影响。为分析地裂缝形成原因,缓解及减轻地裂缝灾害造成的经济、财产损失,本文以新发现的宋庄地裂缝作为靶区,通过地质调查、InSAR监测、槽探、钻探等方法,揭示了宋庄地裂缝空间发育特征,从地质构造、地层岩性、地面沉降等方面,深入分析成因。结果显示:（1）宋庄地裂缝影响长度达8.7 km,NEE向延伸,受灾体主要展现出拉张形变;（2）区域拉张应力场为宋庄地裂缝形成提供内动力条件,构造影响下的第四系沉积厚度差异及地层岩性不均一,为宋庄地裂缝形成提供重要地质背景;（3）南苑-通县断裂为宋庄地裂缝形成提供了应力积累和传递媒介;（4）地下水超采引发的土体水平、垂向变形是地裂缝形成的诱发条件。受基底伸展变形、隐伏断裂及地下水开采影响,土体发生水平及垂向变形,使得在非饱和带断层区附近形成拉应力集中区,当达到土体抗拉强度时,形成盲裂缝,在雨水侵蚀或潜水位回升作用下,扩展至地表形成裂缝及串珠状土洞。 相似文献
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1998 Adana-Ceyhan (Turkey) Earthquake and a Preliminary Microzonation Based on Liquefaction Potential for Ceyhan Town 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
A moderate earthquake (Ms = 6.2) occurred in the Cukurova region in the southern part of Turkey, on 27 June 1998. It resulted in loss of 145 lives and significant damage particularly in the settlements close to the epicenter at the south of Ceyhan town. Widespread liquefaction and associated sand boils, ground fissures and ground deformations due to lateral spreading occurred during this earthquake. In this study, main characteristics of the earthquake are presented and liquefaction throughout the site was assessed. An attempt was also made to establish preliminary microzonation maps for Ceyhan using the data from liquefaction susceptibility analyses. The results of the analyses indicated that the data from the liquefied sites were within the empirical bounds suggested by the field-performance evaluation method. Fortunately, most of the riversides were used for agricultural purposes alone, damage to structures from liquefaction and associated ground failures were rather limited. Preliminary assessments indicated that at depths of about 5 m the liquefaction potential of thin sand layers tends to diminish. 相似文献
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On June 27, 1998, a moderate earthquake measuring 5.9 on the Richter scale struck the alluvial plains of Cukurova in the Adana-Ceyhan region of Turkey. The earthquake resulted in 145 deaths, about a thousand injuries and significant damage to more than ten thousand structures. The coincidence of the projected location of the release of energy along the earthquake fault with a very vulnerable geological surface formation (the thick alluvial deposits of Ceyhan River containing loose sand layers) resulted in liquefied sediments of substantial thickness and extensive areal distribution. Liquefaction associated ground deformations such as lateral spreading, flow failures, ground fissures and subsidence, sand boils, and slope failures were observed. This paper presents and analyses the geotechnical aspects of this earthquake with the main emphasis on the observed liquefaction and associated ground deformations, together with the earthquake characteristics. The observed liquefaction mechanisms provide valuable information on the seismic response of the alluvial soils covering most of the Cukurova plains, an area of industrial and agricultural importance with more than 2 million inhabitants. The observations from this earthquake also provide us with an opportunity to further improve our understanding of the observed phenomena and their effects that can be expected during other future earthquake events around the world. 相似文献
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Ten well‐preserved, earthquake‐triggered liquefaction mounds and a carbonate sand volcano have been found in the Mesoproterozoic Wumishan Formation (1550–1400 Ma) in the Beijing area, North China. These features crop out in a roadcut near Zhuanghuwa Village. All ten mounds occur in the same sedimentary layer and have rounded shapes with some concentric and radial fissures arising from the centre. They range from 1.5 to 4 m in diameter and from 10 cm to 30 cm in height. The carbonate sand volcano has a diameter of 110 cm and the ‘crater’ at the top has a depth of about 30 cm. Associated with these mounds and the sand volcano are many ‘normal’ sedimentary structures and numerous soft‐sediment deformation structures. The former include ripple marks, cross‐bedding, stromatolites and desiccation cracks, indicating deposition in a stable shallow‐water peritidal platform environment. The latter include intrastratal faults and folds, seismically formed breccias and carbonate clastic dykes. The morphological features and the genesis of these liquefaction mounds are very similar to mounds formed recently by the great Wenchuan Earthquake of China (2008). Detailed thin‐section study of the mounds found no signs of any kind of biological constructional process; instead it reveals some obvious fluidification and liquefaction characteristics. Comparative studies have shown that these features are probably the products of Mesoproterozoic earthquake activity. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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2018年5月28日,吉林松原市宁江区毛都站镇牙木吐村发生M5.7级地震(45°16'12″N,124°42'35″E),震源深度13 km,震中位于郯庐断裂带西北侧的扶余/松原—肇东断裂带、第二松花江断裂带和扶余北断裂带交汇处。地震诱发震中距3 km范围内普遍的液化和地表裂缝,给当地居民带来严重灾害。可见液化构造以砂火山为主,其次为液化砂堆、液化砂脉和液化砂席等。液化砂火山又可分为有火山口型砂火山、无火山口型砂火山和无砂型(水)火山。地震液化伴生软沉积物变形构造有变形层理、负载构造和火焰构造、滑塌褶皱、碟状构造和包卷层理等。地震诱发液化砂火山形成过程包括液化层内超孔隙流体压力形成、上覆低渗透层破裂和水、砂喷出地表后砂涌3个阶段。液化和流化砂体在上涌过程中会注入低渗透黏土层形成各种形态的砂脉、砂席和多种类型的变形构造。垂向上地震液化结构可划分为底部松散可液化层、下部液化变形层、上部液化变形层和地表砂火山4层结构。液化层埋深2~5 m,液化层厚度2 m。松原M5.7级地震发震机制为NE-SW(35°~215°)方向挤压应力使断层活跃,推测扶余/松原—肇东断裂是主要的发震断层。松原地震液化构造研究为现代地震活动区和灾害易发区预测提供依据,为地震引发的现代软沉积物变形构造研究提供丰富的素材,兼具将今论古意义,为揭示本世纪以来郯庐断裂带北段进入了一个强断裂和地震活跃阶段提供了最新的实际资料。 相似文献
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Soil liquefaction during the Arequipa Mw 8.4, June 23, 2001 earthquake, southern coastal Peru 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Franck A. Audemard M. Juan Carlos Gmez Hernando J. Tavera Nuris Orihuela G. 《Engineering Geology》2005,78(3-4):237-255
The Arequipa June 23, 2001, earthquake with a moment magnitude of Mw 8.4 struck southern Peru, northern Chile and western Bolivia. This shallow (29 km deep) interplate event, occurring in the coupled zone of the Nazca subduction next to the southeast of the subducting Nazca ridge, triggered very localized but widely outspread soil liquefaction. Although sand blows and lateral spreading of river banks and road bridge abutments were observed 390 km away from the epicenter in the southeast direction (nearing the town of Tacna, close to the Chile border), liquefaction features were only observed in major river valleys and delta and coastal plains in the meizoseismal area. This was strongly controlled by the aridity along the coastal strip of Southern Peru. From the sand blow distribution along the coastal area, a first relationship of isolated sand blow diameter versus epicentral distance for a single event is ever proposed. The most significant outcome from this liquefaction field reconnaissance is that energy propagation during the main June 23, 2001, event is further supported by the distribution and size of the isolated sand blows in the meizoseismal area. The sand blows are larger to the southeast of the epicenter than its northwestern equivalents. This can be stated in other words as well. The area affected by liquefaction to the northwest is less spread out than to the southeast. Implications of these results in future paleoliquefaction investigations for earthquake magnitude and epicentral determinations are extremely important. In cases of highly asymmetrical distribution of liquefaction features such as this one, where rupture propagation tends to be mono-directional, it can be reliably determined an epicentral distance (between earthquake and liquefaction evidence) and an earthquake magnitude only if the largest sand blow is found. Therefore, magnitude estimation using this uneven liquefaction occurrence will surely lead to underrating if only the shortest side of the meizoseismal area is unluckily studied, which can eventually be the only part exhibiting liquefaction evidence, depending on the earthquake location and the distribution of liquefaction-prone environments. 相似文献
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陕西三原双槐树地裂缝的发育特征 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
陕西三原双槐树地裂缝由两条近平行的地裂缝组成,延伸长度大于4km,地裂缝活动给沿线居民带来了巨大的灾害和经济损失。通过调查访问和探槽、探井、平硐等勘探工程,从平面展布特征、剖面结构特征、活动特征和力学性质等方面描述了该地裂缝的发育特征。结果显示:南侧的F1地裂缝的破碎带宽度和活动程度均大于北侧的F2地裂缝,其中的F1地裂缝破碎带宽度一般大于10m,最大可达50余米,不同期次和不同级次的裂缝数量可达30余条,如此规模的裂缝破碎带宽度和裂缝数量在黄土地区并不多见。 相似文献