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1.
冀北—辽西地区陆相侏罗系—白垩系发育,各类生物化石丰富,并夹有火山岩,是利用岩石地层、生物地层、同位素测年和磁性年代地层综合研究侏罗系\白垩系界线的理想地区。冀北滦平盆地侏罗系\白垩系界线附近的地层为大北沟组和大店子组,辽西义县—北票地区侏罗系\白垩系界线附近的地层为土城子组和义县组。大店子组含有孢粉Cicatricosisporites-Luanpingspora-Jugella组合;介形类Yanshanina-Cypridea-Rhinocypris组合,Cypridea-Yanshanina-Timiriasevia组合,Cypridea sulcata亚组合和叶肢介Eosestheria-Abrestheria组合等各类化石,这些生物组合与国内、外的对比,尤其是孢粉和介形类与英、法、德、俄和加拿大等地相关地层同类化石组合的对比,其时代为早白垩世早期(Berriasian)。辽宁西部义县组下部的孢粉、介形类和叶肢介与国内、外的对比,也得出与大店子组的时代大致相同的结论。大北沟组含孢粉Poceites-Podocarpidites-Schizaeoisporites组合,介形类Luanpingella-Torinina-Eoparacypris组合以及叶肢介Nestoria-Keratestheria组合等,这些生物组合与国内、外同类生物组合的对比,得出的时代结论是晚侏罗世晚期(Tithonian)。土城子组含有孢粉、介形类及叶肢介等6大门类化石,根据已有的研究成果,得出的时代结论是晚侏罗世。因此,侏罗系\白垩系的界线划在大北沟组与大店子组之间。生物地层的国际对比表明:此界线与国际侏罗系\白垩系界线,即Tithonian\Berriasian界线是一致的。根据冀北—辽西地区一系列同位素测年数据推断,侏罗系\白垩系界线年龄应接近130.7Ma。  相似文献   

2.
高林志  王屹石  张恒 《地质通报》2018,37(7):1186-1192
在全国地层委员会组织的滦平盆地中生代地层野外考察中,采集了大北沟组凝灰岩样品,其锆石年龄测定结果引发对陆相侏罗系/白垩系界线的思考。冀北滦平地区陆相侏罗系—白垩系发育,各类陆相生物化石极丰富,地层产出大量火山凝灰岩层,是通过岩石地层、生物地层、同位素测年和磁性年代地层综合研究侏罗系/白垩系界线的理想地区。根据生物地层研究,冀北滦平盆地侏罗系/白垩系界线附近的地层为大北沟组和大店子组。根据冀北—辽西地区同位素测年数据,侏罗系/白垩系界线年龄倾向于130Ma。获得榆树下标准剖面大北沟组顶部凝灰岩(斑脱岩)SHRIMP锆石U-Pb同位素年龄为129.9±1.1Ma。  相似文献   

3.
冀北滦平盆地火斗山乡张家沟大北沟组-大店子组剖面连续、出露好、沉积序列全、化石十分丰富.介形类的研究可划分为1个延限带、4个组合带和7个亚带.其中第Ⅰ(Luanpingella-Torinina-Eoparacypis)组合带及所包含的1、2(Luanpingella Postacuta和Torinina obesa)亚带,分布于大北沟组,显示了晚侏罗世晚期的特征.第Ⅱ-Ⅳ(Yanshanina-Cypridea-Rhinocypris,Cypridea-Yanshanina-Timiriasevia和Cypridea sulcata-C. shanyingensis)组合带及所包含的3～7(Cypridea stenologa,C.xitaiyangpoensis,C. luanpingensis,C.sulcata和C.shanyingensis)亚带分布在大店子组,Cypridea开始并相继大量出现和繁盛,明显地具有早白垩世早期的特征.故侏罗系-白垩系的界线应置于第Ⅰ组合带与第Ⅱ组合带,即第2亚带与第3亚带之间.  相似文献   

4.
大店子组是滦平盆地大北沟组之上、西瓜园组之下的一个岩石地层单元,建组剖面在滦平火斗山乡大店子东沟。在滦平火斗山乡张家沟,该组自下而上可进一步划分为4个岩性段,产有丰富的叶肢介化石,统属于东方叶肢介群(Eosestheria Fauna)。加之狼鳍鱼Lycoptera和女星介Cypridea与之共生,构成典型的热河动物群(Jehol Fauna)。根据叶肢介化石组合序列、叶肢介动物群的发展阶段与可能的演化谱系,将大店子组自下而上连续划分为5个叶肢介带。在大北沟组与大店子组界线的上下,尼斯托叶肢介群(Nestoria Fauna)和东方叶肢介群(Eosestheria Fauna)相继发生了集群绝灭和集群新生的重大生物事件。老的动物群的集群绝灭和新的动物群的集群新生,预示着一个大的时代界线的存在。在大北沟组与大店子组界线上C/O同位素有一高异常值和明显的降温事件,这可能就是这一集群绝灭和集群新生重大生物事件的原因。这一降温事件与世界范围内侏罗纪—白垩纪之间的降温事件相吻合。据此,中国乃至东亚陆相侏罗系—白垩系界线应置于大北沟组与大店子组之间,并以东方叶肢介Eosestheria属的出现为特征,以古老东方叶肢介Eosestheria antiqua的首现为标志,为大北沟阶的结束与张家沟阶的开始。其界线候选层型初步定于滦平县火斗山乡张家沟下营-上营剖面第9层之底和滦平县火斗山乡小东沟剖面第10-2层之底。  相似文献   

5.
牛绍武  田树刚  庞其清 《地质通报》2009,28(11):961-979
大店子组是滦平盆地大北沟组之上、西瓜园组之下的一个岩石地层单元,建组剖面在滦平火斗山乡大店子东沟。在滦平火斗山乡张家沟,该组自下而上可进一步划分为4个岩性段,产有丰富的叶肢介化石,统属于东方叶肢介群(Eosestheria Fauna)。加之狼鳍鱼Lycoptera和女星介Cypridea与之共生,构成典型的热河动物群(Jehol Fauna)。根据叶肢介化石组合序列、叶肢介动物群的发展阶段与可能的演化谱系,将大店子组自下而上连续划分为5个叶肢介带。在大北沟组与大店子组界线的上下,尼斯托叶肢介群(Nestoria Fauna)和东方叶肢介群(Eosestheria Fauna)相继发生了集群绝灭和集群新生的重大生物事件。老的动物群的集群绝灭和新的动物群的集群新生,预示着一个大的时代界线的存在。在大北沟组与大店子组界线上C/O同位素有一高异常值和明显的降温事件,这可能就是这一集群绝灭和集群新生重大生物事件的原因。这一降温事件与世界范围内侏罗纪—白垩纪之间的降温事件相吻合。据此,中国乃至东亚陆相侏罗系—白垩系界线应置于大北沟组与大店子组之间,并以东方叶肢介Eosestheria属的出现为特征,以古老东方叶肢介Eosestheria antiqua的首现为标志,为大北沟阶的结束与张家沟阶的开始。其界线候选层型初步定于滦平县火斗山乡张家沟下营-上营剖面第 9层之底和滦平县火斗山乡小东沟剖面第10-2层之底。  相似文献   

6.
在发现陆相侏罗系—白垩系界线地层连续剖面的基础上,补充大北沟组和大店子组的含义,将2组系统分为7个岩段,命名4个标志层;确定年代地层层序,完善大北沟阶和义县阶定义内容;研究重点门类化石分布和演化,建立系统生物地层分带序列,包括7个介形虫带和6个叶肢介带;划分陆相生物群发展阶段,将侏罗系—白垩系界线置于“早期热河生物群”阶段的底部;开展旋回地层和层序地层学研究,建立地层等时格架,识别盆地演化的3个阶段和5个构造期;测得界线层型剖面点存在O同位素高值异常;锆石206Pb/238U测得张家口组顶部年龄为135.4Ma±1.6Ma,大北沟组中部为133.9Ma±2.5Ma和130.1Ma±2.5Ma。综合多学科研究成果,将界线层型剖面点定在张家沟剖面第9层底,以介形虫化石Cyprideastenolonga的首现为标志。  相似文献   

7.
在深入研究滦平盆地大店子组叶肢介化石时,于该组上部首次发现了网雕饰叶肢介Clithrograpta属,产出层数多,个体数量大,种的分异度高,为冀北滦平盆地大店子组的地层划分与对比,正确建立冀北-辽西陆相侏罗-白垩系的地层格架,提供了关键而有力的古生物证据。根据这一发现和大北沟组至西瓜园组叶肢介化石组合序列,本区大店子组上部（3-4段）可与辽西建昌盆地“义县组”下部（原大新房子组）对比;证明辽西地区缺失相当于本区的大店子组下部（1-2段）地层,西瓜园组大体相当于辽西的义县组。  相似文献   

8.
冀北滦平张家沟大北沟组—大店子组的剖面连续、沉积序列完整、介形类化石十分丰富,可分为:Ⅰ.Luanpin-gella-Eoparacypris-Pseudoparacypridopsis,Ⅱ.Yanshanina-Cypridea-Rhinocypris和Ⅲ.Cypridea-Yanshanina-Timiriasevia3个组合带。Ⅰ组合带分布在大北沟组,显示了晚侏罗世晚期的特征,Ⅱ、Ⅲ组合带分布于大店子组,Cypridea开始大量出现,明显地具有早白垩世早期的特征,故侏罗—白垩系的界线应置于第Ⅰ组合带与第Ⅱ组合带之间,即大北沟组与大店子组之间。两组间的砾岩和砂砾岩在张家沟剖面已相变为砂泥岩互层,其间未找到生物化石的岩层厚度,由大店子东沟剖面的56m至张家沟剖面已减少至仅为9.11m,张家沟剖面优于井上—大店子东沟剖面,可作为中国北方陆相侏罗—白垩系的界线层型剖面进行深入研究。  相似文献   

9.
论中国陆相侏罗系——白垩系界线   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：2  
介绍了中国学者近几年在陆相侏罗系-白垩系界线研究领域的最新成果,讨论了陆相侏罗系-白垩系界线研究的原则和方法,指出了目前工作中存在的问题,初步认为在建立中国陆相中生界区域年代系统时要特别注意系、统的界线必须与国际接轨,时间上应与国际系、统界线相一致.如果国际地质科学联合会和国际地层委员会最终采用135Ma作为国际侏罗系-白垩系界线的年龄值,那么冀北-辽西地区陆相侏罗系-白垩系界线推测应在张家口组底部,与区域不整合面相一致,表明热河生物群的时代肯定为早白垩世.如果国际侏罗系-白垩系界线的年龄值将来确定为145Ma,那么冀北-辽西地区陆相侏罗系-白垩系界线推测位于土城子组的上部,意味着冀北地区缺失凡兰吟阶的地层,辽西地区可能缺失凡兰吟阶和欧特里沃阶的地层.  相似文献   

10.
滦平盆地张家沟侏罗—白垩系界线上下为连续沉积的滨浅湖—半深湖序列,介形类和叶肢介类化石丰富,是中国陆相J\K界线理想的层型候选剖面。通过晚侏罗世和早白垩世介形类、叶肢介生物组合及沉积学与成因地层学的综合研究,认为陆相侏罗—白垩系生物地层界线以介形类大个体滦平介Luanpingella的消失、女星介Cypridea的出现,叶肢介Nestoria、Pseudograpta及Keratestheria等的消失以及Eosestheria的始现,扇三角洲平原或前缘亚相或等同亚、微相带的结束为标志。陆相界线层型研究和定义异于海相盆地,陆相环境生物化石的自然缺欠可以通过地层格架建立及沉积亚微相序列高精度地划分、对比予以弥补,并应纳入陆相界线层型的定义中。  相似文献   

11.
利用GC-MS（气相色谱—质谱仪）,对采自湖北清江流域和尚洞洞顶的土壤样品与洞内石笋样品进行分析,发现土壤中存在的七个系列单甲基支链烷烃在所有的石笋样品中均可以找到,呈现相似的分布模式,石笋中七个系列支链烷烃有可能来自洞穴滴水携带的土壤中的支链烷烃,但是也不能排除石笋原地生长的微生物的贡献。烷基环己烷的分布在土壤与石笋中呈现了相似的分布模式,但是主峰碳数有所变化,高碳数部分与低碳数部分的相对含量也发生了变化。主要原因可能是微生物选择性降解的结果,也有可能是土壤与石笋中微生物种类分布差异所造成的。本次研究初步显示了相对封闭稳定的洞穴沉积物与上覆土壤层中生物标志化合物的异同。   相似文献   

12.
The dissolution of H2O and CO2 in structurally dense, nominally anhydrous and non-carbonate oxide matrices such as MgO and CaO is reviewed. H2O and CO2 are treated as gaseous oxide components which enter into solid solution with the refractory oxide hosts. They form anion complexes associated with cation vacancy sites. Evidence is presented that OH? pairs which derive from the dissolution of H2O are subject to a charge transfer (CT) conversion into peroxy moieties and molecular hydrogen, O 2 2? ... H2. Because the O 2 2? moiety is small (O?-O? distance ≈ 1.5 Å) high pressure probably favors the CT conversion. Mass spectroscopic studies show that molecular H2 may be lost from the solid which retains excess oxygen in the form of O 2 2? , leading to the release of atomic O. The dissociation of O 2 2? moieties into a vacancy-bound O? state and an unbound O? state can be followed by measuring the internal redox reactions involving transition metal impurities, the transient paramagnetism of the O? and their effect on the d.c. conductivity. Evidence is presented that CO2 molecules dissolve dissociatively in the structurally dense oxide matrix, as if they were first to dissociate into CO+O and then to form separate solute moieties CO 2 2? and O 2 2? , both associated with cation vacancy sites. In the CO 2 2? moiety (C-O? distance 1.2–1.3 Å, OCO angle ≈ 130°) the C atom probably sits off center. The transition of the C atom into interstitial sites is accompanied by dissociation of the CO 2 2? moiety into CO? and O?. This transition can be followed by infrared spectroscopy, using OH? as local probes. Further support derives from magnetic susceptibility, thermal expansion, low frequency dielectric loss and low temperature deformation measurements. The recently observed emission of O and Mg atoms besides a variety of molecules such as CO, CO2, CH4, HCN and other hydrocarbons during impact fracture of MgO single crystals is presented and discussed in the light of the other experimental data.  相似文献   

13.
At 31 sites in Finland the Zn content was determined of the epiphytic lichen Hypogymnia physodes (L.) Nyl. growing on pine and birch, the terricolous lichen Cladina spp. in pine bark, and the inner part of birch bark. The anomalous contents of Zn in H. physodes on pine and Cladina spp. in soil appeared to be strongly related to sulphide ore deposits. Anthropogenic Zn correlated closely with S and Fe in H. physodes on pine and with Fe in Cladina spp. The binding of geogenic Zn was related to iron hydroxides, and was attributed to the different uptake mechanism of S in these lichens. Elevated values of Zn in H. physodes on birch were due to both geogenic and anthropogenic sources. Zinc in pine bark increased with the Zn content in H. physodes and reached a limiting value.  相似文献   

14.
There are few inter-African country urban analyses because of the continent’s enormous size and socioeconomic diversity, language barriers, and wide variations in national and regional urban research capacity. Nevertheless, comparative urban studies are critical in understanding contemporary African urbanization. In this comparative spatial and temporal analysis of Ghana and Kenya’s urbanization, we find that both countries are urbanizing rapidly and are faced with many common urban problems. Moreover, Ghana is more urbanized than Kenya and has a larger indigenous urban imprint and a more widely dispersed urban pattern. Besides their physiographic and population conditions, we trace these countries’ convergent and divergent urban trends to their shared but unique experiences of colonialism, nationalism and globalization.  相似文献   

15.
The Alaknanda and Bhagirathi Rivers originate in the mountainous regions of the Himalayas (Garhwal) and result in high sediment yields causing flood hazards downstream of the Ganga River and high sediment flux to the Bay of Bengal. The rivers are perennial, since runoff in these rivers is controlled by both precipitation and glacial melt. In the present study, three locations in the upper reaches of the Ganga River were monitored for 1 yr (daily observations of, more than >1000 samples) for suspended sediment concentrations. In addition, more than one hundred samples were collected from various locations of the Alaknanda and Bhagirathi Rivers at different periods to observe spatial and temporal variations in river suspensions. Further, multi-annual data (up to 40 yrs) of water flow and sediment concentrations were used for inferring the variations in water flow and sediment loads on longer time scales. In most previous studies of Himalayan Rivers, there has been a general lack of long term water flow and sediment load data. In the present study, we carried out high frequency sampling, considered long term discharge data and based on these information, discussed the temporal and spatial variations in water discharge and sediment loads in the rivers in the Himalayan region. The results show that, >75% of annual sediment loads are transported during the monsoon season (June through September). The annual physical weathering rates in the Alaknanda and Bhagirathi River basins at Devprayag are estimated to be 863 tons km−2 yr−1 (3.25 mm yr−1) and 907 tons km−2 yr−1 (3.42 mm yr−1) respectively, which are far in excess of the global average of 156 tons km−2 yr−1 (0.58 mm yr−1).  相似文献   

16.
As a result of systematic study on heavy minerals in soils at city and town areas and their surroundings,cinnabar was discovered for the first time in areas of Hg anomalies in China, and it was found that the distribution of cinnabar was basically coincident in scope with that of Hg anomalies, showing that Hg anomalies were‘closely related to cinnabar. This finding provides a theoretical basis for a verification of Hg anomalies in soils in city and town areas and their surroundings, as well as evaluation of its ecological effects, and is significant to revealing the occurrence modes and origin of Hg in soils.  相似文献   

17.
煤中气孔和镶嵌结构及其在煤变质研究中的意义   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
河南省禹县、新密和荥巩煤田山西组Ⅱ1煤的贫煤和无烟煤中,气孔发育。气孔形态有椭圆状（图版1）、圆状及不规则状（图版2）,有的几个气孔连在一起呈大的朵状气孔(图版3)。此外,在荥巩煤田西部无烟煤中还发育有镀嵌结构(图版4)。   相似文献   

18.
This review of laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry includes research that employed quadrupole instruments, and single-collector and multicollector magnetic sector field instruments. The most important trend in 2004–2005 was the growing appreciation that small matrix effects in LA-(MC)-ICP-MS need to be addressed in order to produce highly precise and accurate data by the method. The issue is most acute for isotope ratio measurements that require standard-sample-standard bracketing but can also be important for certain elemental analysis. Matrix-dependent elemental and isotopic fractionations were studied from the standpoint of laser-sample interactions and the behaviour of laser-generated particles in the ablation cell, transfer tubing and ICP torch. Innovations in LA-(MC)-ICP-MS involved signal smoothing, in torch laser ablation, on-line isotope dilution and molecular oxide monitoring. Other important research was carried out on the calibration and homogeneity of various reference materials; and the exploration of mature ( in situ U-Pb geochronology) and emerging (apatite fission-track chronometry, U-Th/He thermochronology, boron/strontium/uranium-series isotopic microanalysis) applications in the Earth sciences.  相似文献   

19.
《China Geology》2019,2(3):382-390
Ground gravity survey for regional structure unit delineation and oil and gas exploration in China is addressed in this paper with examples. Gravity survey scales, coverage, technical regulations and achievements at the national level are introduced, including data processing and anomaly interpretation techniques. Bouguer anomalies of terrestrial territories of China and classification of anomalous feature zones are also described; they are well correlated with lithotectonical boundaries, fault zones, and unexposed igneous plutons. Recent study results of petroliferous sedimentary basins are presented as well, including concealed boundaries and major structures of large basins. It is concluded that gravity survey is the most effective and economic method in unveiling unexposed and deep-seated structures, targeting and delineating oil and gas-bearing sedimentary basins, and locating main trap structures within prolific basins in early stage of exploration in China. Suggestions for improving exploration of both conventional and unconventional oil and gas reservoirs in China are also given in the paper.  相似文献   

20.
Using improved analytical techniques, which reduce the Re blanks by factors of 8 to 10, we report new Re-Os data on low Re and low PGE pallasites (PAL-anom) and IIIAB irons. The new pallasite samples nearly double the observed range in Re/Os for pallasites and allow the determination of an isochron of slope 0.0775 ± 0.0008 (T = 4.50 ± 0.04 Ga, using the adjusted λ187Re = 1.66 × 10−11 a−1) and initial (187Os/188Os)0 = 0.09599 ± 0.00046. If the data on different groups of pallasites (including the “anomalous” pallasites) are considered to define a whole-rock isochron, their formation would appear to be distinctly younger than for the iron meteorites by ∼60 Ma. Five IIIAB irons (Acuna, Bella Roca, Chupaderos, Grant, and Bear Creek), with Re contents ranging from 0.9 to 2.8 ppb, show limited Re/Os fractionation and plot within errors on the IIAB iron meteorite isochron of slope 0.07848 ± 0.00018 (T = 4.56 ± 0.01 Ga) and initial (187Os/188Os)0 = 0.09563 ± 0.00011. Many of the meteorites were analyzed also for Pd-Ag and show 107Ag enrichments correlated with Pd/Ag, requiring early formation and fractionation of the FeNi metal, in a narrow time interval, after injection of live 107Pd (t1/2 = 6.5 Ma) into the solar nebula. Based on Pd-Ag, the typical range in relative ages of these meteorites is ≤10 Ma. The Pd-Ag results suggest early formation and preservation of the 107Pd-107Ag systematics, both for IIIAB irons and for pallasites, while the younger Re-Os apparent age for pallasites suggests that the Re-Os system in pallasites was subject to re-equilibration. The low Re and low PGE pallasites show significant Re/Os fractionation (higher Re/Os) as the Re and PGE contents decrease. By contrast, the IIIAB irons show a restricted range in Re/Os, even for samples with extremely low Re and PGE contents. There is a good correlation of Re and Ir contents. The correlation of Re and Os contents for IIIAB irons shows a similar complex pattern as observed for IIAB irons (Morgan et al., 1995), and neither can be ascribed to a continuous fractional crystallization process with uniform solid-metal/liquid-metal distribution coefficients.  相似文献   

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