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1.
The mineral matter in the eight reference North American coal samples of the Argonne Premium Coal series has been investigated on a quantitative basis using X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. X-ray diffraction data obtained from electronic low-temperature (oxygen–plasma) ash (LTA) residues, from ashes produced by heating the coals in air at 370°C, and also from the raw coals themselves, were evaluated using an interactive data processing system ( ™) based on Rietveld interpretation methods. The results from the three types of material (LTA, 370°C ash and raw coal) were compared for each sample. This allowed the components present in the raw coals in crystalline form to be recognised separately from mineral artifacts produced, particularly in the low-rank coals, from interaction of organically associated elements (Ca, S, etc.) during the two ashing processes.After the allowance for the production of any artifacts, the quantitative mineral assemblages identified from XRD of the raw coals were found to be consistent, even for coals having a relatively low ash percentage (around 5%), with the results obtained from the respective mineral concentrates prepared by the ashing methods. The effects of heating the coal to 370°C could also be distinguished, relative to the raw coal or the LTA, through changes in components such as pyrite and the clay minerals.Although some areas of uncertainty exist, particularly with magnesium in the low-rank coals, the calculated chemical compositions of the coal ash derived from the mineral mixtures identified for each coal were also found to be consistent with the results of direct chemical analysis of the respective coal ash materials.  相似文献   

2.
The leaching of coal and coal/asphaltite/wood-ashes in sulfuric acid (pH 1.0, 25 °C, S/L, 1:10) was studied as a function of time; acid consumption and extracted metal concentrations are presented. Whole coals consumed acid rapidly during the first few minutes, followed by slow acid consumption. Wood-, lignite-, and asphaltite-ashes consumed acid in two stages, the rapid phase extending < 30 min and the slow phase extended up to 10 days. The rapid phase was dominated by the dissolution of Ca, K and Mg ions for wood-ash, by Ca, Al and Mg ions for lignite-ash and Ca and Mg ions for asphaltite-ash. The sulfur concentration in solution and the concentrations of Ca, Fe, K, Mg, Na, P, Al and Mn in the aqueous phase verified the neutralizing capacity of the untreated ashes as well as the formation of insoluble sulfates in the residues. The slow phase kinetics differed for different fuels and exhibited leaching of several abundant elements—Fe, Al, K, Na and Mn. Trace elements (Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mo, Ni, Pb, Th, U, V, Zn) sometimes required up to 32 h for maximal extraction from ashes. Suggestions are presented regarding the chemical nature of trace elements in the untreated coals and ashes and suitable residence times for economical industrial processes. We think it possible to combine bacteriological oxidation of sulfidic concentrates of acid leaching from ash of various qualities or even whole coals.  相似文献   

3.
样品经硝酸-氢氟酸混合酸溶解后,用标准加入-原子吸收光谱法测定钢渣中的铁。实验探讨了钢渣的均匀性等干扰因素对结果的影响,并提出基体高、浓度高的样品稀释倍数过高误差越大,建议采用如旋转燃烧头、选择次灵敏线等降低仪器灵敏度的方法或采用标准加入法。并将标准加入法与X射线荧光光谱、电感耦合等离子体发射光谱、原子吸收光谱直接测定法进行比较,铁的实验结果分别为51.6%、54.2%、46.2%、16.6%,相对标准偏差分别为2.8%、5.3%、2.0%、2.3%。标准加入-原子吸收光谱法用于测定基体高、浓度高的样品是准确可靠的。方法可用于环境类实验室用水剂标准溶液进行钢渣类样品中元素的分析。  相似文献   

4.
标准加入-原子吸收光谱法测定钢渣中的铁   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  
刘琳娟  张琪  陆培培 《岩矿测试》2010,29(6):699-702
样品经硝酸-氢氟酸混合酸溶解后,用标准加入-原子吸收光谱法测定钢渣中的铁.实验探讨了钢渣的均匀性等干扰因素对结果的影响,并提出基体高、浓度高的样品稀释倍数过高误差越大,建议采用如旋转燃烧头、选择次灵敏线等降低仪器灵敏度的方法或采用标准加入法.并将标准加入法与X射线荧光光谱、电感耦合等离子体发射光谱、原子吸收光谱直接测定法进行比较,铁的实验结果分别为51.6%、54.2%、46.2%、16.6%,相对标准偏差分别为2.8%、5.3%、2.0%、2.3%.标准加入-原子吸收光谱法用于测定基体高、浓度高的样品是准确可靠的.方法可用于环境类实验室用水剂标准溶液进行钢渣类样品中元素的分析.  相似文献   

5.
Lead isotope ratios in coals of different rank from several Spanish basins were estimated and related with their characteristics. The isotope 206Pb/207Pb ratio values of the coals studied range between 1.13 and 1.21, with the exception of some coal samples from the Cretaceous which are more radiogenic. Coals were classified into groups according to their lead isotope ratios. These in turn were related to the isotope ratios of the minerals galena, pyrite, chalcopyrite, and carbonates. Some of the low-rank coals, in which lead might be expected to be associated with the organic matter, were not found to be related with the isotope ratios of minerals. The isotope ratios of the individual densimetric fractions separated from a bituminous coal are different to those of the raw coal. The differences between these isotope ratios may not only be due to the diverse origin of lead in different coals, but also with the possible presence of several lead species incorporated from various sources in a particular coal. The results of this work represent an important contribution to the lead isotope ratio database essential for the accurate interpretation of data regarding pollution sources.  相似文献   

6.
Concentrations of chalcophile elements (As, Co, Cu, Hg, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sb and Zn) in western Canadian coals were determined using INAA and AAS. The concentrations of these elements in western Canadian coals are within the range for most world coals. However, there are some high values for coals from outcrops and from areas which are not currently being mined.Arsenic content in the majority of western Canadian coals, particularly those currently being mined, is low (0.2–3 ppm). However, there are coals with high arsenic content; for example, lignites from Hat Creek A zone contain between 4.0 and 14.0 ppm As. In some samples from Comox and Suquash, the As concentration is as high as 240 ppm and 1400 ppm, respectively. The enrichment of As in high arsenic coals is related to the geology and nature of country rocks associated with the coal seams. The concentration of other elements for most western Canadian coals, particularly those being mined, are within the range for most world coals. In these coals, the concentration ranges (in ppm) of chalcophile elements are 0.3-3.6 for Sb, 0.8-4.6 for Co, 7–35 for Cu, <0.1 for Hg, 2–6 for Mo, 4–94 for Ni, 6–22 for Pb, 2–7 for Se and 7–110 for Zn.  相似文献   

7.
叶青 《岩矿测试》2006,25(4):387-388390
采用微波消解-原子吸收光谱法测定葛根及其种植土壤中Cu、Fe、Zn、Mn、Ca和Mg等6种微量元素的含量。葛根中微量元素含量与种植土质的初步相关分析结果表明，葛根中6种微量元素含量丰富，其中Fe、Ca和Mg的含量较高；黄土土壤种植的葛根微量元素含量较黑土高。实验结果可为进一步开发葛根优良品种和平衡施肥提供科学信息和依据。  相似文献   

8.
Black shale samples were collected from Chimiari Khyber Pakthunkhawa region of Pakistan and were analyzed for elemental compositions. Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS) was utilized for the determination of elements in the digested solutions. The analysis of black shale was performed precisely with relative standard deviation (RSD) lower than 2%. Results showed that the samples contained high concentrations of Ca (11.98 %), Al (7.09%), Fe (3.03%), Mg (0.59%) and Ti (0.58%).  相似文献   

9.
电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定锑精矿中多种微量元素   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1  
建立了电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法(ICP-OES)测定锑精矿中10种微量元素Zn、Cd、Pb、Si、Mn、Fe、Mg、Ca、Cu、Ag的快速定量分析方法。探讨了锑精矿的溶样方法,发现采用氢溴酸挥锑后用浓酸溶解样品,稳定性较好。优化了仪器参数条件,对样品中各元素做加标回收试验。与原子吸收光谱法测定比较,方法检出限低,精密度(RSD,n=11)均小于6%,回收率为89.4%~108.0%,能满足进出口对锑精矿中杂质元素的检测要求。  相似文献   

10.
The concentration, distribution and modes of occurrence of trace elements in thirty coals, four floors and two roofs from Northern China were studied. The samples were collected from the major coalfields of Shanxi Province, Shaanxi Province, Inner Mongolian Autonomous Region, and Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region. The concentrations of seventeen potential hazardous trace elements, including Hg, As, Se, Pb, Cd, Br, Ni, Cr, Co, Mo, Mn, Be, Sb, Th, V, U, Zn, and five major elements P, Na, Fe, Al, and Ca in coals were determined.Compared with average concentration of trace elements in Chinese coal, the coals from Northern China contain a higher concentration of Hg, Se, Cd, Mn, and Zn. They may be harmful to the environment in the process of combustion and utilization. Vertical variations of trace elements in three coal seams indicated the distributions of most elements in coal seam are heterogeneous. Based on statistical analyses, trace elements including Mo, Cr, Se, Th, Pb, Sb, V, Be and major elements including Al, P shows an affinity to ash content. In contrast, Br is generally associated with organic matter. Elements As, Ni, Be, Mo, and Fe appear to be associated with pyrite. The concentrations of trace elements weakly correlate either to coal rank or to maceral compositions.  相似文献   

11.
Major and trace element concentrations of a few representative loess profiles in Kashmir valley are studied using EDXRF spectroscopy. Principal component analysis for pattern recognition has been employed to study association between elemental concentration variations in various horizons. The present study reveals that elements related to clay illuviation (K, Rb, Fe, Ti, Mn) and plant activity (Cu, Zn) are generally higher in B horizon of the palaeosols whereas Ca and Sr have a high concentration in the loess layers. Such an elemental concentration variation provides us with an objective index for identification and confirmation of palaeosols. There is further a close association in the movement of (i) K, Rb, (ii) Fe, Ti, Mn, (iii) Cu, Zn and (iv) Ca, Sr. These clusters of elements are also present in modern soils, suggesting that the soil characteristics in palaeosols have been preserved. Concentration of iron and titanium is also observed to be higher in loess profiles on Pir Panjal mountain flank which is dominated by basic rocks, compared to profiles on Himalayan flank, suggesting that the loess in Kashmir might have been derived from the nearby rocks in a localized way.  相似文献   

12.
低阶煤甲烷吸附特性研究对瓦斯含量预测、瓦斯抽采及危害防治有着重要意义,为此,选取陕西6个典型矿井低阶煤样,进行低温氮吸附、低压二氧化碳吸附及甲烷等温吸附实验,获得低阶煤吸附孔结构特征。利用微孔填充及单分子层吸附理论定量表征甲烷吸附特征参数与吸附孔结构参数之间的关系,明确吸附孔中甲烷吸附机理。结果表明：吸附孔的比表面积主要由微孔提供,甲烷吸附能力主要受吸附孔孔容大小控制,微孔孔容对吸附孔总孔容的贡献率在74.71%～88.97%。甲烷极限吸附量与吸附孔平均孔径呈线性负相关,与吸附孔孔容、比表面积呈线性正相关,Langmuir压力常数随吸附孔平均孔径、孔容和比表面积的增加仅在小范围内波动,无明显线性相关。6个低阶煤样的分形特征明显,综合分形维数为2.573～2.720,平均值为2.647,说明低阶煤吸附孔非均质性强,甲烷极限吸附量随分形维数增加先增加后减小,整体呈上升趋势。基于微孔填充和单分子层吸附理论可以定量表征低阶煤吸附孔结构与甲烷吸附能力之间的关系,甲烷极限吸附量计算值与实验测试值相对误差较小,长焰煤相对误差为4.47%～6.65%,不黏煤为13.77%～16.02%。研究成果可为后...  相似文献   

13.
Channel samples of roof and seat rocks (lutites, siltstone)) of 10 successional coals, in addition to red mudstone and calcareous siltstones, have been collected from the Sydney Coalfield, Nova Scotia. The channel samples are confined to within 150 cm above the top of coals, and to within 20 cm below the bottom of coals. Whole-rock and trace-elemental analyses are reported: wt. % of oxides of Si, Al, total Fe, Ca, Mg, Na, K, T1, Mn; and ppm's for Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn, Cr, Co, Ga, V, As, U, and Th, respectively. Th/U ratios, organic carbon and carbonate carbon of selected roof rock samples are also reported.The comparatively small stratugraphic mean variations of Na2/K2O and Na2O/Al2O3 are open to interpretation but may indicate either a common sedimentary source, or a similar diagenetic history during basin development. Assumed is that the oxide ratios originated from detrital feldspars and clays. The probability model for uranium is Pearson's Type VII curve. The relationship between uranium (thorium) and (assumed) organic calcite in selected calcareous siltstones is examined. Stratigraphic variation of the geochemistry is assumed to be cycle-controlled, excepting probably As, V, and Cu,which under the stated conditions are amenable to mathematical modeling (of sedimentary cycles).  相似文献   

14.
The present study entails the results of the petrological coniderations for demineralization of Rajmahal Gondwana coals with Psudomonas mendocina B6-1. Inertinite group macerals are the dominant constituents of these coals, followed by vitrinite group, while liptinite occurs in low concentration. The amount of Mineral matter is moderately high. The concentration of major, minor and trace elements is high when compared with Clarke values. After the treatment of these coals with Pseudomonas mendocina strain B6-1, a significant reduction in the elemental content of oxygen, hydrogen and sulphur was observed. A gradual reduction of pyrite phase due to bioleaching was identified and its signatures were reflected in the XRD spectra and FTIR absorption bands. Over 5 % reduction in the ash content and decrease of major, minor and trace element to variable degrees were also noticed. Fe, As, and Ca positively correlate with the ash removal percentage indicating that the samples with high concentration of these elements were prone to demineralization with Pseudomonas mendocina strain B6-1 whereas Ni, Zn, Cr and Cu, negatively correlate with the ash removal percentage and shows that their enrichment impeded the process of demineralization. With increasing concentration of vitrinite the removal of major/minor/trace elements also increased which is attributed to the possible association of these elements with the mineral matter occurring as superficial mounting and superficial blanketing over the vitrinite macerals. This could facilitate the bacterial access to the elements to act upon and remove it to the variable extent. Some minerals occur intergrown with inertinites causing restricted bacterial action owing to the nonexposure of the mineral particles and less surface area available to the bacteria for bioleaching. Sulfur removal strongly relates with increase in inertinite content and decrease in liptinite content. This appears that sulfur associated with liptinites have shown difficult removal condition. The maximum removal of the trace elements like Cd, Cu, Co, Zn and Pb was observed from the ‘banded dull coal’ samples of the Rajmahal basin while maximum removal of major/minor elements like Fe, Ca and Mg was noticed from the ‘banded bright coal’ samples. However, maximum removal of Mn and As was also observed in the samples of ‘banded coal’.  相似文献   

15.
Lower Gondwana coal from Garu-Gensi area in the West Siang district of Arunachal Pradesh in the Eastern Himalayas have been characterized with respect to their maceral constituents, mineral matter, ash composition, sulphurand trace-element contents. These are low-rank bituminous coals (V0 = 0.64) and their vitrinite content is about 60%. A first hand data with respect to twenty one trace-elements are reported. Our data indicate that these Lower Gondwana coals of extra-peninsular region are richer in terms of their trace-element content when compared with their counter parts of peninsular India.  相似文献   

16.
An ion microprobe mass analyzer (IMMA) has been used to analyze semi-quantitatively mineral-rich coal particles from two separate facies of the Upper Freeport coal bed. Accuracy is estimated to be ? 20% for those elements making up more than 0.1 wt.% of the particles and ? 50% for elements making up less than 0.1 wt.%. Using IMMA data, we found statistically significant differences between the two samples for five (Fe, Ca, Mn, Li, Ce) of the 25 elements detected. For Li and Mn the differences between the mineral-rich particles within samples were similar to differences found between samples on a whole-coal basis. For Ca and Fe, the differences are attributed to different modes of occurrence, and for Ce, the differences are probably due to an irregular distribution of an inorganic phase. We conclude that the IMMA can be used to obtain semi-quantitative data that may provide insight into the distribution and mode of occurrence of some of the elements in coal.  相似文献   

17.
Fluid inclusions in the Merensky Reef quartz and later pegmatite veins crosscutting the Platreef rocks of the Bushveld Complex are studied by a suite of advanced high-precision methods. Based on the conducted studies, we identify a few types of fluids, some having been separated during the crystallization of volatile matter-rich residual melt of original basic magma, while others are derivatives of later felsic (granite) melts that formed crosscutting veins in fully devitrified ultrabasic and basic rocks. The earliest fluid is captured by quartz in symplectitic intergrowths with intercumulus plagioclase from the Merensky Reef pyroxenite occurs as a homogenous dense dry reduced gas (CH4–N2 ± CO2) mixture separated from the aluminosilicate melt at 800–900°C and 3050 bar. The following heterophase highly concentrated fluids (60–80 wt % NaCl eq.) separated at over 550°C and below 3050 bar transport a large number of metals. Major saline components of such fluids included Na, K, Fe, Ca, and Mn chlorides, Ca and Na sulphates and carbonates. According to LA ICP-MS analysis data, inclusions of these fluids contain high concentrations of Fe, Cr, K, and Na at the level of a few wt % and also significant contents of Cu, Sn, Sb, Mo, Au, Ag, Bi, and Ni in a concentration range from a few to thousands of ppm. Relatively lower-temperature (much higher than 450°C) fluids accompanying the crystallization of crosscutting quartz–feldspar pegmatite veins at the Platreef are also highly concentrated (from 70–80% to 40–14 wt % NaCl eq.), oxidized and metal-bearing. High concentrations of metals such as Na, K, Ca, Mn, Fe, and Pb at the level of wt % and also Ni, Co, Cu, As, Mo, Sn, Sb, and Bi (1–500 ppm) in inclusions in quartz of later pegmatite veins suggest the possible participation of magmatogene fluids related to later felsic intrusions in the redistribution of primary magmatic concentrations of metals. The oxidation of reduced heterophase fluids may be the most important geochemical barrier invoking the crystallization of solid mineral phases from heterophase fluids.  相似文献   

18.
贵州六枝、水城煤田晚二叠世煤的微量元素特征   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  
通过对六枝和水城煤田 10个煤矿主要可采煤层的 45个煤样品的常量和微量元素系统研究 ,概括了这两个煤田煤中常量和微量元素的丰度和分布特征 ;阐述了煤中微量元素的亲合性。这两个煤田煤中的全硫含量在受海水影响的煤层中较高 (最高达 7.5 % ) ,而在非海水影响的煤层中较低 ( 0 .3% )。六枝煤田的全硫含量明显高于水城煤田。Ca-Mn-Ge的平均含量在六枝煤田较低 ,而在水城煤田相对较高。在这两个煤田和不同的煤层之间 ,煤中微量元素含量的变化较小。与世界烟煤中一般含量范围相比 ,这两个煤田的特征是 Mn,V,Cu,L i,Zr,Nb,Ta,Hf,T1,Th和 U的含量相对高。  相似文献   

19.
The Elk Valley coalfield of British Columbia is one of the major coal producing areas in Canada. The coals are of Cretaceous and Jurassic–Cretaceous age and range in rank from high-volatile to low-volatile bituminous (%Romax: 0.8–1.6). Coal seams from outcrops and active mines in this coalfield were analysed for rank and maceral composition using reflected light microscopy, for geochemistry using AAS, INAA, and ICPES, and also by proximate and ultimate analyses. The Elk Valley coal seams contain low average concentrations of hazardous elements such as As, Mo, Pb, and Se. However, there are seams that contain relatively high concentrations of some of these elements, such as 8 mg/kg and 108 mg/kg of arsenic. When the geochemistry of coal seams is compared within the different parts of the coalfield, the elemental composition amongst the seams from various sections located in the central area of the coalfield is similar. Coal seams in the northern area of the coalfield have different geochemistry than coal seams in other areas of the coalfield; seams in the northern area have much higher As, Br, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, and Na content, but contain less Ca.  相似文献   

20.
This work reports a geochemical study of sediments from the upper Paracatu River Basin. The objective is to define the influences of Au, Zn, and Pb mineral deposits and mining activities on the sediment metal sources, distribution, and accretion. The samples were analyzed using ICP/OES, AAS, and XRD techniques and were treated with principal components analysis and the geo-accumulation index. The main geochemical processes that control the sediment composition are pyrite oxidation, muscovite weathering, carbonate dissolution, and the erosion of oxisols enriched with Zn and Pb. The upper Rico Stream has high Al, Fe, Cu, Cr, Co, and Mn concentrations due erosion of oxisols and pyrite oxidation and muscovite alteration present in the parental rock. The artisanal alluvial gold mining increased the primary rock-minerals?? weathering and Hg sediment concentration. The lower Escuro River and Santa Catarina Stream are enriched with Zn and Pb due the erosion of metal-rich soils formed over galena, sphalerite, calamine, and willemite mineral deposits located upstream. Elements such as Ca, Mg, and Ba have low concentrations throughout the sampled area due the high solubility of these metals-bearing minerals. The dispersion of metals is limited by the basin geomorphology and their affinity to silt-clayey minerals and Fe and Mn oxides and hydroxides in circumneutral pH waters.  相似文献   

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