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1.
文章对欧洲和亚洲黄土分布资料进行了整理,结合欧亚的旧石器考古资料,发现在旧石器早期,欧亚大陆的考古遗址主要分布在黄土带上,这反映了在旧石器早期,东西文化的交流与传播可能存在着一条"黄土之路"。这条"黄土之路"东至中国华北,在天山、阿尔泰山地区分为两条线,在高加索地区汇合,通过欧洲,一直向西至法国和不列颠群岛。通过对欧洲、中亚和东亚黄土旧石器遗址剖面的对比,发现无论是冰期还是间冰期,在黄土分布区,有的地方一直是人类活动的场所,比如欧洲和东亚,周围的自然环境能使人类生存和生活;而有的地方只有在间冰期才适合人类生活,比如中亚。这需要进一步的工作证明。在S5（MIS 13～15）阶段,无论在欧洲还是亚洲,考古遗址发现的几率都比较大,这也许说明在这个时期人类的活动更为活跃。而且在这条横贯欧亚大陆的古土壤带上,相似的自然环境也许存在着更多的交流。这需要进一步对旧石器文化特征上进行比较方能得出更确切的结论。 相似文献
2.
第四纪科学与旧石器考古学关系非常密切。在中国北方,旧石器文化的很多遗迹都出现在黄土分布区。中国旧石器考古的开始阶段,黄土研究与旧石器考古研究联系紧密,共同发展。半个多世纪以来,中国的黄土研究在原有基础上取得了新的突破。怎样将已有的黄土研究成果为旧石器考古所用?文章通过对河南织机洞和内蒙古大窑两个旧石器考古地点的案例分析,讨论怎样利用黄土研究的最新成果确定旧石器考古遗址地层层位及年代问题;建议旧石器考古学家应该密切关注第四纪科学的发展,并提倡旧石器考古与地学学科更高层次的交流与合作。 相似文献
3.
Multiphase timing of hominin occupations and the paleoenvironment in Luonan Basin, Central China 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
Huayu Lu Hongyan Zhang Richard Cosgrove Jun Zhao Cunfa Zhao Ming Wei 《Quaternary Research》2011,76(1):142-147
Thousands of Paleolithic artifacts have been recovered from Paleolithic sites in the Luonan Basin, in the upper South Luohe River of central China. Their discovery suggests that the basin was an important area for hominin settlement during the Pleistocene. However, the initial timing of this occupation and the environmental conditions for this period are still largely unknown. In addition, the sediments are not well dated and most of the artifacts lie on the surface. In an attempt to resolve these issues, a new systemic paleomagnetic analysis was carried out on the loess deposits that contain in situ stone tools. Our detailed loess-paleosol analyses of the stratigraphy of different sites in the basin and Chinese Loess Plateau shows the accumulation of the loess since at least 1.1 million years (Ma) ago. Moreover, recently discovered in situ cores, flakes and retouched stone tools in these deposits show that hominins used this region repeatedly from 0.8-0.7 Ma to 0.4-0.3 and 0.2-0.1 Ma. Pedostratigraphic analyses, magnetic susceptibility and carbon isotope analyses also indicate that these hominins lived in a subtropical to warm-temperate climate with broad-needle-leaf forest vegetation mixed with grasses. 相似文献
4.
Vance T. Holliday John F. Hoffecker Paul Goldberg Richard I. Macphail Steven L. Forman Mikhail Anikovich Andrei Sinitsyn 《Geoarchaeology》2007,22(2):181-228
The Kostenki–Borshchevo localities include 26 Upper Paleolithic sites on the first and second terraces along the west bank of the Don River, near Voronezh on the central East European Plain. Geoarchaeological research from 2001 through 2004 focused on sites Kostenki 1, 12, and 14, with additional work at Kostenki 11 and 16, and Borshchevo 5. The strata are grouped into three units (bottom up): Unit 1, > 50 ka, consists of coarse alluvium (representing upper terrace 2 deposits) and colluvium, overlain by fine‐grained sediments. Unit 2 includes archaeological horizons sealed within two sets of thin lenses of silt, carbonate, chalk fragments, and organic‐rich soils (termed the Lower Humic Bed and Upper Humic Bed) dating 50–30 ka. Separating the humic beds is a volcanic ash lens identified as the Campanian Ignimbrite Y5 tephra, dated elsewhere by Ar/Ar to ca. 40 ka. The humic beds appear to result from the complex interplay of soil formation, spring deposition, slope action, and other processes. Several horizons buried in the lower part of Unit 2 contain Upper Paleolithic assemblages. The springs and seeps, which are still present in the area today, emanated from the bedrock valley wall. Their presence may account for the unusually high concentration of Upper Paleolithic sites in this part of the central East European Plain. Unit 3, < 30 ka, contains redeposited loess with a buried soil (Gmelin Soil) overlain by a primary full‐glacial loess with an associated Chernozem (Mollisol), forming the surface of the second terrace. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 相似文献
5.
宁镇地区中更新世环境演变的沉积学研究 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
句容放牛山剖面ESR测年、粒度以及磁化率的研究结果表明,下蜀黄土作为一种受后生成土作用强烈的风尘堆积,其性状与北方黄土差别很大,主要表现为由于成壤作用及次生风化作用导致粘粒含量增多。该剖面揭示出本区中更新世 5个气候暖湿期,分别是 :15 9~ 16 3ka,192ka,195~ 198ka,2 0 3~ 2 30ka与 311~ 35 0ka。其中第一个相对暖湿期不十分明显,在大致同时期的深海氧同位素 (V2 1- 14 6孔 ) 6阶段当中为一个小的气候回暖波动,第 2、3、4气候暖湿期可大致与西峰黄土S2古土壤层所反映的气候温暖事件相对应,可与深海氧同位素 (V2 1- 14 6孔 )第 7氧同位素阶段大致相对比。其中,前 4个温暖期可大致与老虎山下蜀黄土的标准剖面自上而下的 4个埋藏古土壤层相对应。旧石器考古发掘发现 6、7层有石器,从剖面测年资料及各环境代用指标综合分析得出,当时为暖湿的生态环境(即第 5个气候暖湿期 ),较适宜人类活动,与南京汤山猿人洞研究结果相一致。东北地区庙后山下层文化 (14 0 0~2 30ka)以大石片石器为主,文化面貌兼有华北大小两个石器系统的特征。这与该遗址发掘的石器相类似,这可能说明至少在中更新世中期长江河道应在句容以南。 相似文献
6.
Paleolithic archeology and the paleogeographical study of loess-paleosol sequences in Eastern Europe
The paper is concerned with problems of the study of Paleolithic sites in the loess regions of the Russian Plain. It is of great significance to correlate prehistorical settlement with Upper Pleistocene cycles of loess and soil formation — not solely in the reconstruction of paleoenvironments. From the cultural layers at various sites paleontological finds and objects were collected for radiocarbon dating. A complex analysis of archeological objects embedded in the loess-paleosol sequence helps us date Upper Pleistocene loess formation cycles. The data acquired from the investigation of the lithological properties of loess and their modification through time and their dependence on relief characteristics permitted a correlation between the various paleoenvironments and the dust accumulation cycles, which played a decisive role in the selection of the most habitable sites. 相似文献
7.
Ofer Marder Reuven Yeshurun Ronit Lupu Guy Bar‐Oz Miriam Belmaker Naomi Porat Hagai RON Amos Frumkin 《第四纪科学杂志》2011,26(8):769-780
Rantis Cave is a recently discovered filled cave in central Israel, displaying a rich faunal accumulation of micromammals, ungulates and carnivores. U–Th dating assigns the beginning of accumulation to ca. 140 ka. The accumulation is culturally assigned to the late half of the Middle Paleolithic (MP) period. Single‐grain optically stimulated luminescence measurements attest to a complex sedimentological history. We present the cross‐disciplinary results of taphonomic and geomorphological analyses, which point to the cave serving as a natural pitfall trap for the large fauna, with little human or carnivore activity. The fauna is dominated by Dama among the ungulates and by Microtus among the micromammals. These data in conjunction with ungulate tooth mesowear analysis suggest a xeric Mediterranean environment on the eastern margin of the southern Levantine foothills. The relative taxonomic abundance of ungulate taxa shows some differences from anthropogenic MP sites, possibly reflecting the prey choice patterns of MP hunters. Overall, the natural accumulation scenario for Rantis Cave provides a rare paleoenvironmental and paleoeconomic reference to the rich anthropogenic MP faunas of the Southern Levant, enabling the reconstruction of a rich and diverse environmental setting for this important human dispersal route. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
8.
泥河湾盆地和黄土高原堆积着我国第四纪划分和对比的标准地层，同时也是古人类活动的重要场所。两者沉积环境不同，但都较为连续地记录了中国北方第四纪气候环境演化历史和古人类活动的信息。在综合前人研究成果的基础上，对这两个重要地区的地层进行了对比，并列出了两个地区的旧石器文化地层序列。 相似文献
9.
Middle Paleolithic occupation on a Marine Isotope Stage 5 lakeshore in the Nefud Desert,Saudi Arabia
Michael D. Petraglia Abdullah M. Alsharekh Rémy Crassard Nick A. Drake Huw Groucutt Adrian G. Parker Richard G. Roberts 《Quaternary Science Reviews》2011,30(13-14):1555-1559
Major hydrological variations associated with glacial and interglacial climates in North Africa and the Levant have been related to Middle Paleolithic occupations and dispersals, but suitable archaeological sites to explore such relationships are rare on the Arabian Peninsula. Here we report the discovery of Middle Paleolithic assemblages in the Nefud Desert of northern Arabia associated with stratified deposits dated to 75,000 years ago. The site is located in close proximity to a substantial relict lake and indicates that Middle Paleolithic hominins penetrated deeply into the Arabian Peninsula to inhabit landscapes vegetated by grasses and some trees. Our discovery supports the hypothesis of range expansion by Middle Paleolithic populations into Arabia during the final humid phase of Marine Isotope Stage 5, when environmental conditions were still favorable. 相似文献
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11.
Constantin Athanassas Yannis Bassiakos Günther A. Wagner Michael E. Timpson 《Geoarchaeology》2012,27(3):237-258
In this paper, we employed optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating of sediments from two archaeological sites located in Navarino, Messenia, southwestern Greece, to deduce a chronology for the archaeological sites. Archaeological surveys identified two Paleolithic sites on fossilized coastal dunes. Chipped stone tool assemblages were identified eroding out of paleosols developed in the dunes. The assemblage from one site lacked distinct typological features and hence it was difficult to assign to a chronological period. The lithic assemblage from the other site contained artifacts that typologically can be assigned to the Levallois‐Mousterian. Previous efforts to date the artifact‐bearing sediments at these sites were unsuccessful. Using newer OSL dating methods (i.e., the Single‐Aliquot‐Regenerated Dose protocol and thermally transferred‐OSL[TT‐OSL]), we attempted to construct a chronological framework for Late Pleistocene human activity in the southwest Peloponnese. The revised OSL chronology for the first site is 28 ± 5 ka, while a luminescence age of 8 ± 1 ka for the second site only represents a later deflation event. Within the framework of Quaternary environmental change, the location of Paleolithic sites relative to the coast would have changed during the course of the Pleistocene. As a result, Paleolithic exploitation strategies would have been strongly influenced by the changing coastal geomorphology, encouraging hominids to adapt to new distributions of resources. OSL dating of the archaeological sites allowed us to connect traces of hominid activity with climatic stadials/interstadials of the later Pleistocene derived from existing relative sea‐level curves. Ultimately, these data permitted the reconstruction of regional Late Pleistocene paleogeography. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 相似文献
12.
发现于1957年的匼河文化遗址的年代一直存在较大的争议。近四十年来,考古学和地学工作者虽然从化石、地层等多方面研究,但仍未得出令人信服的可靠结论。受许家窑遗址及小长梁遗址的最新磁性地层学研究结果的启示,过去两年对山西南部匼河遗址从磁性地层学的角度进行了深入、系统的研究,研究发现匼河遗址剖面的磁化率曲线呈顶部高,中间2.5m到13m处较宽阔的低值带,具有华北黄土高原黄土L9的特征,底部又呈高值的分布趋势,这种磁化率的分布关系与洛川标准剖面的S7-S12有较好的对应关系,从而得出文化层以上地层剖面的年代范围为0.7-1.02Ma,由此可推算位于底部磁化率高值带以下的文化层的年代至少早于1.02Ma,完全不同于匼河文化遗址0.247Ma的现行认识,而与苏朴、朱日祥等人对许家窑、小长梁遗址,马圈沟遗址年代的最新认识趋向一致。 相似文献
13.
In Poland, loess mainly occurs in the southern part of the country, in the Polish Uplands, and on the northern foreland of the Sudetes and the Carpathians. Most of these sediments come from the time of the last glaciation–the Vistulian (Weichselian) glaciation. Thin covers of loess from the penultimate glaciation have been preserved in Upper Silesia. Only a few sites from the Middle Palaeolithic remain in the loess. In the eastern part of Poland loess creates profiles several metres high. Discoveries in this zone represent the cultural sequence from the transition from the Middle to Upper Palaeolithic. We know more traces of various cultures from the Upper Palaeolithic exist. The study attempts to synchronise profiles from selected archaeological open-air sites, outlines of the history of research on loess sites, and attempts to explain terminological and conceptual issues. The issue of loess in the cave site profiles will not be discussed in the article. 相似文献
14.
《Proceedings of the Geologists' Association. Geologists' Association》2023,134(4):388-402
Lower and Middle Paleolithic archaeological sites in England risk falling through the cracks between different types of heritage conservation, since they lack recognisable structures; these sites have often benefitted from protection under geoconservation, particularly through selection as Geological Conservation Review sites, and subsequent designation as Sites of Special Scientific Interest (SSSIs). The geoconservation of key sites, particularly in the formative years of British geoconservation, has allowed combined geological and archaeological reinvestigation. This is of particular benefit to understanding Lower and Middle Paleolithic artefact assemblages, which were often collected in the later 19th–earlier 20th century and consequently lacked both detailed spatial or stratigraphic provenance and contextual geological information. As such, the ‘fine grained’ data which could be gleaned from such artefact collections was limited. Here we review the benefit of geoconservation in allowing the contextualisation of historical archaeological collections, focussing on six key English sites where geological and archaeological reinvestigation has led to important archaeological findings. In particular, the emerging evidence of chronological patterning in Lower and Middle Paleolithic artefacts makes the preservation of such deposits valuable to Quaternary science in general. 相似文献
15.
Daniel Wolf Karoline Ryborz Thomas Kolb Ruben Calvo Zapata Jesús Sanchez Vizcaino Ludwig Zller Dominik Faust 《Sedimentology》2019,66(3):1139-1161
The formation of loess deposits strongly depends on the availability of deflatable dust‐sized material. Identification of source areas and mechanisms of dust production is essential for an appropriate characterization of related palaeoenvironmental conditions. So far, little research has been done on loess deposits in the Mediterranean region and information about mechanisms of dust production is very rare. In this context, it is not clear from where the loess deposits from the upper Tagus Basin in central Spain originated. The main objective of this study was to find out whether these loess deposits were formed primarily by mountain processes and fluvial comminution, or whether they have their origin in the weathering of Tertiary marls in the centre of the Madrid Basin. A further concern was to link the determined source areas with loess formation mechanisms and concomitant environmental contexts. Following a comprehensive approach using heavy minerals and grain‐size data, together with information on stratigraphic features and geomorphic positions, different local loess sources could be identified. This study shows that during the last 35 kyr a major proportion of the Tagus loess deposits was deflated from river floodplains, while the mountain region of the Iberian Range was identified as a significant source of respective floodplain sediments. Based on heavy mineral compositions and dating results, it was found that during Heinrich Stadial 3, sediment supply from the Iberian Range strongly increased, suggesting an environmental shift from initially warmer towards colder temperatures in late Marine Isotope Stage 3. Furthermore, it was found that grain‐size patterns clearly indicate maximum wind strengths during Heinrich Stadial 3, followed by Heinrich Stadial 2 and Heinrich Stadial 1. These results demonstrate that the formation of dust‐sized particles in this part of the Mediterranean operated similar to many other places in temperate and continental regions, and that weathering processes linked to hot and dry environments were only of minor importance. 相似文献
16.
In this study, samples of dustfall collected monthly or semi-monthly, during 1997–1999, at two representative sites (Kexueguan:
KLD and Gaolanxan: GLX) in Lanzhou, a typical industrial city in northwestern China, have been examined using environmental
magnetic measurements. A set of magnetic parameters of 50 dustfall samples were analysed. Results demonstrate that Lanzhou
City is heavily polluted, with the main pollution sources being anthropogenic activities and natural dust. The former poses
a threat to human health all the year, which is different from the general opinion that natural dust is the main source of
pollution in summer. This study extended the application of environmental magnetic techniques and can be regarded as a progressive
step in exploring urban pollution problems using environmental magnetic techniques. The results from the present study have
an important implication on the design of future urban pollution control strategies in Lanzhou, and the method could be applied
to other urban cities in the world. 相似文献
17.
This paper examines recurrent spatial patterns of prehistoric sites in relation to landforms, alluvial fills, and soil development in the uplands and valleys of the Madaba and Dhiban Plateaus of Jordan. Mousterian lithics (Middle Paleolithic) are largely found on high strath terraces plateaus, where they are associated with red Mediterranean soils. In valleys, Upper Paleolithic sites are often associated with reworked loess deposits of the Dalala allostratigraphic unit. Epipaleolithic occupations are found stratified in deposits of the Thamad Terrace, and Pre‐Pottery Neolithic and Pottery Neolithic occupations are associated with colluvium mantling the Thamad Terrace. The Tur al‐Abyad Terrace and the Iskanderite alluvial inset are the remnants of middle Holocene floodplains, which were attractive areas for Chalcolithic and Early Bronze Age settlements. Sometime around 4000 B.C., stream incision and further lateral erosion destroyed these floodplains. These historic terraces are underlain by alluvial deposits ranging in age from Roman to Early Islamic periods. The sequence of allostratigraphic units, paleosols, and terraces are the basis for reconstructing phases of fluvial aggradation and stream incision during the past 20,000 years. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 相似文献
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19.
东秦岭南洛河上游黄土地层年代的初步研究 及其在旧石器考古中的意义* 总被引：8，自引：1，他引：7
近年来,在东秦岭南洛河流域发现了大批旧石器地点,该区域被认为是中国南北方旧石器工业的交汇和过渡地带。但是,早期人类在这一带的活动时间和环境背景尚不清楚。由于第四纪黄土的定年方法相对成熟,旧石器遗址的黄土堆积可为解决这些问题提供重要证据。对洛南盆地上白川和刘湾两个遗址的黄土剖面进行土壤地层和磁性地层研究以及光释光年龄和磁化率测定结果显示,该地区的黄土堆积可能从110万年前就已经开始,地层有明显的黄土-古土壤旋回,指示了气候和环境在冰期-间冰期时间尺度的变化。黄土地层下部出土的石制品表明,至少在约80万年前后人类就在这一带活动并制作工具。石制品两面加工技术被广泛采用,大量制作精美的手斧和薄刃斧等Acheulian工业类型工具的发现,显示洛南盆地的旧石器工业可能已经突破了"莫氏线(Movius Line)"的框架。 相似文献
20.
水洞沟文化从发现之初便以其所具有的西方旧石器中、晚期特点而引起了学者们的注意,并被后来的很多学者引证为东西方交流的有利证据。但是对于在这一文化现象里所发生的交流模式的探讨依然含糊,或者它不言而喻是一种“西来”的模式。随着对该文化中存在的“勒瓦娄哇石核”技术的揭示,这一观点似乎只会被加强。然而新的研究证据使人们有可能质疑过去的观点,而重新审视水洞沟文化的内涵和意义。文章通过水洞沟文化中“东谷坨石核”的再现,对水洞沟文化在东西方文化交流中的位置提出新的看法,进而探讨华北小石器文化的主导性与传播性,并指出确立旧石器时代早期“华北中心说”和“华北小石器文化自源性”概念的必要性,提出历史时期东西方文化交流中“丝绸之路”的前身应为史前时期即已存在的“石器之路”的假说,认为水洞沟是东西方文化交流与传播的风向标。 相似文献