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1.
《International Geology Review》2012,54(10):974-982
The current status of silver production in Russia (and areas in other former Soviet republics) is discussed with particular attention to mine output, deposit geology, byproducts, economics of production, and potential export markets. In Russia and elsewhere in the former Soviet Union, most silver is found and recovered in subordinate or trace amounts in deposits mined primarily for other commodities (especially gold and various base metals). Kazakhstan and Russia are the major mine producers of silver in the region, although in Russia potential demand is forecast to exceed output by as much as 25% by 1994. This potential shortfall, coupled with the approaching depletion of rich deposits in the Urals and northern East Siberia, has prompted the Russian government to formulate a plan for revitalizing the silver industry by opening new deposits and installing new processing capacity. A major objective of the plan, which attempts to reduce imports of silver concentrate and metal products, is increased foreign investment via international tenders. However, given the recent history of weak world silver markets, and an abundance of competing investment opportunities for global capital, it appears that Russia may have to consider incurring the costs of opening new silver deposits or relying more on imports. 相似文献
2.
V. I. Velichkin 《Geology of Ore Deposits》2007,49(5):372-377
The outstanding contribution of Professor F.I. Wolfson to the origination and development of Russian science and practice in the field of geology of uranium deposits is emphasized. Under his guidance, a team of highly skilled specialists on uranium deposits was gathered at the Institute of Geology of Ore Deposits, Petrography, Mineralogy, and Geochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, in Moscow. Owing to their efforts, all significant uranium deposits in the former Soviet Union and socialist bloc countries have been studied comprehensively. A theory of uranium ore formation was developed on this basis, and elaborated practical recommendations promoted the creation in the Soviet Union of the world’s largest uranium resource sources. Today, Wolfson’s ideas and works are widely used in planning and carrying out complex investigations at operating uranium deposits and in new promising uranium districts. 相似文献
3.
中国地质学家李四光与当时苏联地学界来往交流紧密,他对地质学的贡献得到了苏联地质学家的高度评价。1958年,苏联科学院全体大会选举李四光为苏联科学院院士,并授予卡尔宾斯基金质奖章;该奖章是1947年由当时的苏联科学院和俄罗斯科学院共同发起的、对地质科学有突出贡献的科学家最高单人奖励,李四光是第六位获奖人,也是至2017年止唯一获此殊荣的外籍地质学家,他的获奖理由是:在地质、古生物、地层和矿产研究工作的综合贡献。李四光有两部著作在苏联被译成俄文出版,分别是1952年的《中国地质学》和1958年的《中国西北部的旋卷构造》,这两部译作对当时的苏联地质界产生了很大影响,极大地推动了李四光学术思想的广泛认知;"地质无国界",中国地调百年的发展历程也有着俄罗斯地学理论、规范、方法实践的烙印,在新的"一带一路"合作倡议和李四光学术精神传承下,中俄、中国与中亚在地学领域的交流合作将不断深化,硕果累累。 相似文献
4.
《International Geology Review》2012,54(3):301-304
The resource base for the Russian tin industry is surveyed district by district, with emphasis on deposit geology and mineralogy, world and domestic market conditions, production linkages between mines and processing facilities, and exploration activity. Current Russian output is less than one-half the former Soviet total of the mid-1980s, a reflection of difficult economic conditions, divergent interests of mine producers and the management of the Novosibirsk tin smelter, and declining ore tenor at certain major deposits. Major deposits now are found exclusively in Russia's Far East economic region, often in remote and climatically inhospitable locations. Unlike most other major producing countries, the bulk of Russia's output comes from lode deposits rather than placers. A concluding section outlines factors expected to affect future tin demand in Russia and describes efforts to identify potentially promising nontraditional tin ore deposits. 相似文献
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6.
黄土隧道的主要地质灾害类型 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
黄土是第四纪大陆松散堆积物,黄土隧道具有明显的黄土工程特性.颗粒组成、含水量、微观结构、孔隙比(率)、粘粒含量、人工活动等是决定黄土的基本工程地质特征的基本因素.水胶联合是黄土颗粒之间的主要联结形式,在干燥时赋予黄土相当高的强度,但遇水后联结削弱强度降低,使得黄土具有湿陷性等特殊工程地质特性;物理地质作用、地震作用、水作用和综合作用产生黄土隧道主要工程地质灾害;水对黄土具有特殊的意义. 相似文献
7.
黄土构造节理研究及其应用 总被引：7，自引：2，他引：7
作者发现大量不同力学性质的黄土构造节理后，识别了它们的区域性、系统性特征；认定其两组扭裂面代表新构造应力场最大剪切应力方向，利用黄土构造节理系及由其控制的土层沟槽网络恢复了相应地区Q3-4构造应力场；提出构造节理是黄土区地下水运移的主要通道和赋存的场所；发现构造节理是黄土区地裂缝、滑坡、崩塌和水土流失等地质灾害的构造基础之一，证实构造节理是黄土地层的软弱面，风化和继之而来的应力侵蚀就由此开始，进而逐步塑造黄土碟、穴、井、桥、柱、墙、沟等潜蚀地貌和部分侵蚀地貌。研究黄土构造节理对恢复新构造应力场、帮助预测地裂乃至地震活动、控制水土流失和滑塌灾害、进行工程乃至区域稳定性评价、重新认识黄土潜蚀地貌发育规律、指导干旱半干旱黄土区找水，既有理论意义又有实际意义。 相似文献
8.
Vladimir P. Vlasov 《冰川冻土》2004,26(Z1):189-193
The vast majority of buildings in Russia have been constructed on pile foundations incorporating a ventilated air space between the structure and ground surface (passive construction method, or Principle I in the Russian Building Code 2.02.04-88). Warming of the frozen soil during the life of the structure is one of the primary factors leading to structural damage. This paper presents a new technique for preventing failure in engineering structures. 相似文献
9.
刘国昌先生是我国工程地质事业的奠基人之一、区域稳定工程地质学的创始人、我国工程地质教育事业的一代宗师、矿产资源开发的先行者、国家重大工程建设的践行者。1936年毕业于北京大学地质系,毕业后响应“找矿救国”的号召,从事野外矿产勘察10余年。1951年应俞德渊先生邀请,到东北地质学院任教,创办了水文地质工程地质系,任系主任、教授,从此开启了中国工程地质教育事业,培养了新中国第一批工程地质专业研究生,开办了首批工程地质进修班,奠定了我国工程地质事业的基础。1981年,调西安地质学院工作,建设了水文地质工程地质系。1984年,在刘国昌先生的主持下,西安地质学院获批我国首批水文地质工程地质博士点,1985年开始培养博士生,为该校水文地质工程地质专业和学科的发展奠定了基础。 相似文献
10.
甘肃引洮供水工程饱和黄土隧洞施工方法选择的工程地质研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
甘肃引洮供水一期工程总干渠13#、14#、15#隧洞围岩为al-lQ2饱和黄土,地下水位高于洞顶437m,饱和度一般在98%100%,水稳性很差。因此,该段隧洞施工方法的选择十分重要,从工程地质角度研究其工程特性,采用D rucker-Prager弹塑性模型、关联流动法则,模拟了传统钻爆法开挖时隧洞稳定性,计算表明,若采用钻爆法,由于围岩的岩性软弱,隧洞开挖后,在隧洞周围较大范围内存在应力降低区,隧洞位移十分迅速而且位移量非常大,洞顶下降发生塌方并引起地面沉降。从盾构法施工对地质条件的适应性分析,其施工风险相对较小,施工过程中可利用护盾很快封闭围岩,因此该段隧洞宜采用盾构法施工。 相似文献
11.
季节冻土区压实黄土湿陷特性研究进展与展望 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
随着国家西部大开发的深入发展,国家重点基础工程向西部季节冻土区和湿陷性黄土地区推进,工程面临的黄土湿陷性问题和冻融灾害问题已成为研究和设计人员关注的焦点. 基于前期的研究基础,分析和总结了压实黄土湿陷机理、本构模型和强度理论、工程特性、干湿和冻融循环以及盐分对压实黄土工程特性的影响等方面的研究现状,提出季节冻土区黄土工程面临的问题和研究展望,为完善黄土地基湿陷机理解释和深化黄土力学与工程等研究提供新思路和新方法. 相似文献
12.
《Quaternary International》1999,53(1):3-9
Many researchers consider loess as solely the product of glacial activity. Investigations throughout South America, however, have demonstrated that loess and loess-like sediments can be formed during geological periods when glaciation was absent. Loess deposits may be derived from volcanic action, from weathering processes, and as a result of pedogenic activity. Production of silt, regardless of the geologic process, can result in loess formation under suitable climatic conditions. 相似文献
13.
Nathaniel W Rutter Dean RokoshMichael E Evans Edward C LittleJiri Chlachula Andrei Velichko 《Quaternary Research》2003,60(1):101-109
Loess-paleosol sequences of the last interglacial-glacial cycle are correlated from European Russia to central Siberia and the Chinese Loess Plateau. During cold periods represented by marine oxygen isotope stages (OIS) 2 and 4, loess deposition dominated in the Russian Plain and the Loess Plateau. In central Siberia, loess deposition took place also, but five to seven thin, weakly developed paleosols are identified in both stages. OIS 3, in the Chinese Loess Plateau near Yangchang, consists of a loess bed that is flanked by two weakly developed paleosols. At Kurtak, Siberia, OIS 3 is represented by two distinct, stacked paleosols with no loess bed separating the paleosols. In the Russian Plain, OIS 3 consists of a single, possibly welded paleosol, representing upper and lower stage-3 climates. Brunisols and Chernozems dominate the profiles in China and Siberia, whereas Regosols, Luvisols, and Chernozems are evident in the northern and southern Russian Plain, respectively. OIS 5 is represented in China and the Russian Plain by pedo complexes in a series of welded soils, whereas in contrast, the Kurtak site consists of six paleosols with interbedded loess. The paleosols consist largely of Brunisols and Chernozems. Although the three areas examined have different climates, geographical settings, and loess source areas, they all had similar climate changes during the last interglacial-glacial cycle. 相似文献
14.
J. Šajgalik 《GeoJournal》1991,24(2):165-174
The Slovak Carpathians in Pleistocene presented a very articulate territory, so that loesses, as well as loess-like deposits could occur here with various lithofacial types.Based on a complex evaluation of a great number of loess samples of the Danubian lowland and their analysis by methods of mathematical statistics, it was possible to create a realistic model of the base soil. For the statistical processing we picked 4 selective sets of the Danubian lowland hilly country, where each set can be considered as a homogeneous engineering geological type.By comparing the loess properties of the Danubian lowland with the loesses of other European countries (mainly USSR), it can be stated that the studied loesses are not so dangerous from the sagging standpoint. The increase of the oedometric modulus with the depth was shown. Similar relationships were derived also for the parametres of shear strength.The regional characteristics of the loess mechanical properties will serve well in the initial phases of investigation, planning and designing, but also in more exact geoo technical calculations. 相似文献
15.
Landslide hazard has always been a focus of research of scientific and industrial organizations in Russia, as well as the former Soviet Union . This research included a broad spectrum of studies of landslide processes based on monitoring data collected at specialized stations nationwide, as well as the data collected and analyzed by various government and academic research institutions. The current study summarizes a vast body of knowledge encompassing an inventory of landslide cases, overview of mechanisms of landslide development and monitoring and slope stability assessments. It presents a new mechanism-based landslide classification and proposes a practical method of increasing slope resistance. Partial findings have been previously presented in numerous publications. We believe these findings have a worldwide significance and can be applied in different regions of our planet. 相似文献
16.
阎鸿铨 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2019,49(4):909-923
斯特列利措夫（简称Str）矿田是一个主要由大型-超大型钼铀矿床构成的矿床群,它位于南滨额尔古纳地区,铀的总储量在25万t以上,平均品位0.20%。该矿田在苏联解体以来的很长时间内几乎是俄罗斯唯一的天然铀来源。该区找铀的工作历程漫长而曲折,并颇具传奇色彩。早在1948年苏联地质部第一局松林大队在南滨额尔古纳地区开始了找铀工作。但因区内几乎所有矿床均属盲矿,而且多埋深较大,1962年之前找铀无果,1962年春已决定放弃在该区进行的找铀工作。1962年夏天高级地质师Л П伊舒科娃参观了哈萨克斯坦产在酸性火山岩中2个规模不大的铀矿床（波统-布鲁姆和克泽尔-萨伊）,注意到斯特列利措夫萤石脉围岩霏细岩的蚀变与哈萨克斯坦2个规模不大的铀矿床相似。归来之后,她上书领导力主恢复本区找矿工作并获得了再去做最后一试的机会。1963年5月,伊舒科娃所设计的钻孔一箭中的,发现了首个Str超大型铀矿床,整个局面立刻出现大转折,加速矿田开发成了所有工作的总方针。矿床的普查勘探工作和对矿床的地质研究工作平行加速进行,两者互相促进。不到10年,矿田的大部分矿床被一一发现;到1966年底,Str等矿床的初勘成果已经成为1970年代初组建全苏最大铀矿山的充分依据。到1980年底,矿田已有17个钼铀矿床完成勘探。1992年底19个矿床勘探完成。新一轮找矿采用的方略：首先合理综合运用地质、放射性及传统地球物理和地球化学方法,并合理综合使用深度普查自动装置射孔和钻探手段,进行不同比例尺的立体地质-构造填图;然后在其成果的基础上用钻孔去发现矿体。勘探工作所面对的基本事实：矿床构成的多重复杂性为Str矿田内所有矿床的共同特征;每个矿床的特点各异,其勘探过程不尽相同。初勘使用地表钻探进行,基本网度200 m×100 m~400 m×100 m。详勘使用坑探工程与钻探相结合的手段,采用水平与垂直断面联合的勘探系统,基本网度50 m×20 m~50 m×25 m。所有矿床的勘探成果完全被开采工程证实,并有10%的储量增长。Str铀矿床形成于晚中生代,为区域构造-岩浆活化作用晚阶段的陆相火山作用地区的岩浆热液矿床,受断裂构造控制是其基本特征之一。铀矿床在矿田内空间定位的重要规律：Str及其他绝大多数铀矿床均受控于南北向、北西向或东西向断裂与北东向额尔古纳隐伏深断裂带交汇。"斯特列利措夫效应"曾迅速地在我国铀矿地质勘查工作中传播,期待在我国,尤其在呼伦贝尔,乃至大兴安岭-燕山山脉中生代构造-岩浆带地区继续发酵,取得更多和更大的成果。 相似文献
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黄土高原红粘土古气候与古环境研究取得巨大进展。已知最老的红粘土时代达到22 Ma，在亚洲晚新生代环境演变研究，特别是在指示亚洲内陆干旱荒漠化、高原隆升的环境效应等方面有重要意义。结合野外实地调查和室内粒度、磁化率、扫描电镜和地球化学实验分析结果，对南京附近灵岩山剖面的沉积特征与风尘沉积证据进行了探讨。在灵岩山剖面玄武岩下覆的松散沉积层中有厚度超过4 m的风尘沉积层，时代在12 Ma以前，为迄今中国东部发现的新生代最老的风尘沉积物，是中新世季风气候出现之后的产物，推测与秦安红土剖面记录的15～13 Ma快速强烈粉尘沉积阶段一致，并和南极冰盖15 Ma开始扩大造成的全球降温事件有关联。 相似文献
18.
地震作用往往会导致结构性黄土动强度的衰减,引发黄土滑坡、振陷等一系列地质灾害,而强度的衰减与其阻尼特性密切相关,因而结构性黄土的动态阻尼特征及其演化规律问题是岩土工程抗震的重要研究课题之一。为此,以天水磐安结构性黄土为研究对象,开展了天然、饱和条件下原状黄土和重塑黄土的动力学特性试验。在试验基础上,分析并比较了黄土的动模量、动阻尼响应特征及其演化规律。研究表明:天然、饱和条件下原状黄土和重塑黄土的动应力随动应变的增大而增大,动模量随动应变的增大而减小,动阻尼比随着动应变的增大而增大;受黄土结构性的影响,原状黄土的最大动模量比重塑黄土的稍大,原状、重塑黄土的最大动模量比饱和原状、饱合重塑黄土的稍大;黄土结构性较强时需要考虑试样固结应力对阻尼比的影响,饱和重塑黄土可以忽略试样固结应力对阻尼比的影响。 相似文献
19.
The paper presents new data on geology of the Curonian Spit based on results of the study of data on the engineering-geological transect compiled during the construction of gas pipe in the Russian sector of the spit. The data show that, along with eolian sand, peat deposits recovered in both its Russian and Lithuanian sectors make up a significant portion of the spit (data on the Lithuanian sector are adopted from the available literature). Based on new data, existing concepts on geology, paleogeography, geoecology, and stability of the Curonian Spit are discussed and refined. 相似文献
20.
《Quaternary Science Reviews》2003,22(10-13):999-1010
The loess/palaeosol sequence of Kurtak, situated at the western bank of the upper Yenisei in Middle Siberia, represents one of the best developed Middle and Upper Pleistocene sediment records in Yenisei Siberia. More than 40 m thick loess and loess-like sediments intercalated by at least four pedocomplexes are exposed at a steep erosional slope at the bank of the Krasnoyarsk Water Reservoir. Infrared optically stimulated luminescence (IRSL) and thermoluminescence (TL) dating techniques have been applied on 38 fine grain samples from the upper 23 m of the profile, representing the penultimate and last interglacial–glacial cycle. The IRSL and TL age estimates are in good agreement with the geological estimates up to the last interglacial soil horizon (oxygen isotope substage (OIS) 5e). The luminescence ages show that the lowermost truncated palaeosol of kastanosjem-type is likely to have formed during the penultimate interglacial upon subaerial deposits. Three weak reddish brown palaeosols intercalated by reworked loess-like sediments correlate with early Upper Pleistocene interstadials (OIS5dion of -a), and a succession of humic horizons alternated by cryoturbation processes (Kurtak pedocomplex) is linked with OIS 3. Thick loess deposits between the pedocomplexes show now significant age increase with depth, indicating high accumulation rates at around 23 ka (OIS 2) and 60 ka (OIS 4). 相似文献