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1.
循化-化隆盆地新生代沉积及盆地基底和周缘山系磷灰石裂变径迹年代学分析揭示了青藏高原东北缘晚白垩世以来经历过3期隆升剥露事件: (1)盆地基底及拉脊山和西秦岭北缘构造带磷灰石裂变径迹年龄分析普遍记录了晚白垩世-始新世中期相对快速的区域性的隆升剥露事件, 西秦岭北缘快速抬升的起始时间为84Ma, 受控于向北的逆冲抬升; 向北到循化-化隆盆地中部的拉目峡抬升的起始时间为69Ma; 更北的拉脊山一带快速抬升期主要为40~50Ma, 从而反映晚白垩世-始新世中期的快速抬升由南向北逐渐扩展.这一期构造隆升事件导致循化-化隆盆地和临夏盆地缺失了北部西宁-民和盆地古近纪所具有的西宁群沉积.隆升剥露结束于31Ma左右, 此时化隆-循化盆地向东与同时期的临夏盆地相连为一个统一的大型西秦岭山前盆地, 两者具有相同的构造、沉积演化史, 因此循化-化隆盆地他拉组底部地层年龄最老不会超过临夏盆地最老地层的古地磁年龄, 即29Ma.(2)渐新世晚期约26Ma拉脊山开始双向逆冲隆升, 并可能延续到中新世早期约21Ma, 隆升作用使循化-化隆盆地成为挟持于拉脊山逆冲带和西秦岭构造带之间的山前挤压型前陆盆地, 循化-化隆盆地开始大规模沉积巨厚的他拉组冲积扇相粗碎屑岩.(3)通过循化-化隆盆地咸水河组和临夏组的沉积相分析、古流方向和砾石成分分析, 揭示出拉脊山构造带在中新世8Ma左右发生的最大规模的双向逆冲隆升事件, 这次事件直接导致循化-化隆盆地由前陆挤压盆地转变为山间盆地, 形成现今青藏高原东北缘的盆山地貌基本格局. 相似文献
2.
豫西蛇尾秦岭群角闪石^40Ar／^39Ar年龄谱及其地质意义 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：2
河南西峡县北部蛇尾地区秦岭群变质基性岩中,普通角闪石~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar快中子活化年代测定获得了353.1±0.2Ma的坪年龄。平坦的年龄坪表明,加里东热事件一直延续到早海西阶段,随着秦岭群自北而南逆冲到古生界二郎坪群所导致的快速隆起抬升、温度急剧冷却才终结。 相似文献
3.
青藏高原东北缘西秦岭新生代抬升——天水盆地碎屑颗粒磷灰石裂变径迹记录 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
天水盆地位于青藏高原东北缘六盘山与西秦岭二重要构造带交汇处,该盆地充填较完整晚新生代沉积序列记录着该区构造变形历史,因此对该盆地沉积记录的研究对探讨青藏高原东北缘晚新生代构造活动事件具有重要的意义。通过对天水盆地晚新生代砂岩和含砾砂岩地层中碎屑颗粒磷灰石裂变径迹热年代学研究,推断23.7Ma左右天水盆地北部沉积物源区西秦岭发生了一次与青藏高原隆升有关的构造—热事件,该事件可能导致天水盆地的形成,并开始接受新近系冲积相沉积。约14.1Ma左右天水盆地物源区再次发生构造活动,使西秦岭剥露速率加快和盆地进一步拗陷广泛接受河湖相沉积。通过对剥蚀速率的估算,得出天水盆地沉积记录的23.7Ma和14.1Ma西秦岭北部快速抬升事件的平均剥蚀速率分别达0.34mm/a和1.05mm/a。 相似文献
4.
通过锆石-磷灰石裂变径迹年龄分布及其与粗碎屑沉积建造和地层不整合关系的综合分析,提供了鄂尔多斯盆地中新生代构造事件的年代学约束及其沉积响应特点。印支期构造事件主要发生在230～190Ma,包含215Ma和195Ma两个峰值年龄,在盆地西南缘发育晚三叠世粗碎屑类磨拉石建造及其与上覆地层的平行不整合。燕山期构造事件主要发生在燕山中晚期的150～85Ma,包含145Ma、120Ma和95Ma等3个峰值年龄,在盆地西南缘发育燕山中期的晚侏罗世和早白垩世的粗碎屑类磨拉石建造及其地层间的角度不整合。喜山期构造事件主要表现为盆地区域的多旋回构造隆升,至少包含55Ma、25Ma和5Ma等3个幕次的峰值年龄事件。其中,锆石和磷灰石叠合分布的峰值年龄(145Ma)和其相关的角度不整合、逆冲推覆和区域岩浆活动等,共同指示了鄂尔多斯盆地中新生代的一次关键构造变革事件。 相似文献
5.
秦岭造山带的差异隆升特征--花岗岩40Ar/39Ar年代学研究的证据 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
分别出露于东、西秦岭的曹坪和沙河湾岩体、老君山和秦岭梁岩体 ,是秦岭全面碰撞后于三叠纪末 (T3 )侵入的花岗岩体 ,其冷却历史记录了秦岭陆内造山阶段的初期隆升过程。通过对角闪石、黑云母和钾长石的40 Ar/ 3 9Ar年龄测定 ,以及对钾长石40 Ar/ 3 9Ar年龄谱进行的多重扩散域模拟计算 ,发现东、西秦岭经历了完全不同的冷却历史 :从晚三叠世末至早侏罗世 ,东、西秦岭同时由 5 0 0℃开始快速冷却 ,之后东秦岭经过一个短暂的稳定期 (约 2 0Ma)后又持续快速冷却 ,至中侏罗世末即已通过 15 0℃等温线 (约地表下 3～ 5km) ;而西秦岭在早侏罗世至晚白垩世初的近 10 0Ma中一直处于稳定平缓的状态 ,至晚白垩世中期才快速冷却至 15 0℃。这种不同的冷却历史可能反映了东、西秦岭的差异隆升过程。 相似文献
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鄂尔多斯盆地中新生代构造事件的峰值年龄及其沉积响应 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过锆石-磷灰石裂变径迹的峰值年龄与地层不整合事件的综合分析,提供了鄂尔多斯盆地中新生代构造事件的年代学约束及其沉积响应特点。印支期构造事件主要发生在230~190Ma,包含215Ma±和195Ma±两个峰值年龄,在盆地西南缘发育晚3叠世粗碎屑类磨拉石建造。燕山期构造事件主要发生在燕山中晚期的150~85Ma,包含145Ma±、120Ma±和95Ma±3个峰值年龄,在盆地西南缘发育燕山中期的芬芳河组和志丹群的粗碎屑类磨拉石建造。喜山期构造事件主要发生在65~5Ma,包含55Ma±、25Ma±和5Ma±3个峰值年龄。其中,锆石和磷灰石叠合分布的峰值年龄(145Ma±),指示了鄂尔多斯盆地中新生代的一次关键性构造变革事件。 相似文献
8.
首次对北山地区的乌珠尔嘎顺、额勒根、雀儿山、黑鹰山、狼娃山、明水和石板井等花岗岩体开展了高精度~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar同位素年代测定,共分析了10件样品,其中有6件获得了比较可靠的~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar 同位素年龄数据,基本能够代表岩体的侵位年龄,分别为352.3±3.8Ma、271.76±0.88Ma、286.2±3.4Ma、272.0±4.7Ma、294.1±2.9Ma 和255.2±4.1Ma;其他4件样品尽管受后期热扰动较为强烈,但是也能够获得一些有价值的年龄信息。另外,受后期构造-热事件的影响,本文有6件样品发生了不同程度的 Ar 丢失,其中样品 NSS01-13钾长石 Ar 丢失最为严重,不能获得可靠的年龄,其他样品发生 Ar 丢失的时间主要集中在燕山期,少量在印支期。获得的这些~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar 测年数据与已经发表的其他~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar 测年数据记录下了北山地区多期次的构造-岩浆侵入活动事件。根据这些年龄数据,可以将北山地区自海西中期以来的岩浆活动归纳为5个阶段,分别是:①330～360Ma,海西中期花岗岩类侵入活动;②270～310Ma,与西伯利亚、哈萨克斯坦和塔里木三大板块碰撞的时间同期或稍晚的花岗岩类侵入活动;③250～270Ma,明显晚于主碰撞发生的时间,为海西晚期碰撞后花岗岩类侵入活动;④210～250Ma,印支期构造-岩浆活动;⑤169～195Ma,燕山早期岩浆活动。其中270～310Ma 同碰撞期花岗岩类最为发育,分布范围最广。尽管北山地区从前寒武纪到燕山期花岗岩类均有产出,但是规模最大、影响范围最广的岩浆侵入活动发生在海西晚期,反映了海西晚期西伯利亚、哈萨克斯坦和塔里木三大板块碰撞对接的构造事件。印支期和燕山期花岗岩类可能是在统一大陆形成之后由陆内强烈活化形成的。北山地区花岗岩类的高精度年代学测量可以构筑本区花岗岩类时空演化的精细格架,对于重塑本区大地构造演化历史、指导区域金属矿床的寻找具有重要的意义。 相似文献
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选取甘肃东部西秦岭造山带北缘晚泥盆世大草滩群碎屑岩为研究对象,运用LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb同位素年代学方法,探讨大草滩群的物质来源。结果表明,大草滩群碎屑锆石年龄谱明显分为4组:422～518Ma、756～887Ma、1100～1231Ma和2417～2736Ma。其中,422～518Ma的年龄数据约占总体的67%,所占比例最大,年龄相对集中,且呈现出最强烈的峰值,其余年龄段所占比例则较少。422～518Ma年龄组分指示其物源可能以邻近地区的西秦岭北缘构造带和北祁连造山带为主,该组分年龄是加里东期中南祁连和西秦岭微地块分别向北俯冲、碰撞产生的一系列火成岩在造山剥蚀后的沉积响应。碎屑锆石同位素年龄中756～887Ma年龄组分反映其物源可能来自祁连造山带和西秦岭北缘构造带。1100～1231Ma年龄组分反映其物源可能主要来自祁连造山带。2417～2736Ma年龄组分反映了物源来自北祁连造山带和西秦岭北缘构造带的结晶基底,部分物源也有可能来自于华北板块基底。综合分析显示,大草滩群碎屑沉积物质来源较为复杂,具有明显的多元性,存在西秦岭北缘构造带、祁连造山带和华北板块基底3个物源区,祁连造山带和西秦岭北缘构造带对大草滩群的沉积有重大的物源贡献。两者相比较,祁连造山带应为大草滩群最主要的物源区。 相似文献
10.
《地学前缘》2017,(5):230-244
西秦岭北缘断裂带新生代以来挤压逆冲变形起始于何时?挤压逆冲变形之前是否经历过伸展拉张过程?北缘断裂带北侧的新生代红层盆地到底是类前陆压陷挠曲盆地还是拉张断陷盆地?上述问题对西秦岭新生代盆-山构造格局重建和印度-欧亚板块碰撞汇聚的远程构造响应的时间与方式等科学问题的认识具有重要的地质约束。本文通过对西秦岭北缘构造带内漳县渐新世—中新世含盐红层盆地沉积序列和沉积旋回特征以及盆地边界断裂之间的几何学-运动学关系分析,认为西秦岭北缘构造带内漳县含盐红层盆地具有拉张伸展动力学背景下形成的断陷盆地的地质特征。西秦岭北缘构造带内渐新世—中新世断陷盆地的确定,指示了印度板块与欧亚板块碰撞汇聚而导致的青藏高原构造挤压缩短作用至少在盆地沉积充填阶段尚未扩展到西秦岭北缘及以北地区。而漳县含盐红层盆地沉积地层褶皱缩短变形以及之后角度不整合在漳县含盐红层盆地之的上新统韩家沟粗砾岩,可能记录了西秦岭北缘由伸展边界向挤压缩短逆冲边界的转换过程。因此,青藏高原东北缘真正成为青藏高原体系组成部分是在上新世的漳县含盐红层盆地封闭-构造反转之后。这一认识对地学界长期以来认为印度板块与欧亚板块碰撞汇聚而导致的高原隆升和构造挤压早在渐新世就已经波及西秦岭北缘的观点提出了挑战。 相似文献
11.
Marvin A. Lanphere 《Quaternary Research》2000,53(3):294
K–Ar and 40Ar/39Ar ages have been measured on nine mafic volcanic rocks younger than 1 myr from the Snake River Plain (Idaho), Mount Adams (Washington), and Crater Lake (Oregon). The K–Ar ages were calculated from Ar measurements made by isotope dilution and K2O measurements by flame photometry. The 40Ar/39Ar ages are incremental-heating experiments using a low-blank resistance-heated furnace. The results indicate that high-quality ages can be measured on young, mafic volcanic rocks using either the K–Ar or the 40Ar/39Ar technique. The precision of an 40Ar/39Ar plateau age generally is better than the precision of a K–Ar age because the plateau age is calculated by pooling the ages of several gas increments. The precision of a plateau age generally is better than the precision of an isotope correlation (isochron) age for the same sample. For one sample the intercept of the isochron yielded an 40Ar/36Ar value significantly different from the atmospheric value of 295.5. Recalculation of increment ages using the isochron intercept for the composition of nonradiogenic Ar in the sample resulted in much better agreement of ages for this sample. The results of this study also indicate that, given suitable material and modern equipment, precise K–Ar and 40Ar/39Ar ages can be measured on volcanic rocks as young as the latest Pleistocene, and perhaps even the Holocene. 相似文献
12.
K.A. Foland Jeffrey S. Linder Thomas E. Laskowski Norman K. Grant 《Chemical Geology》1984,46(3):241-264
Nine glauconite samples with relatively high K concentrations and which appear to be well crystallized using normal X-ray diffraction techniques have been studied using the method. The glauconite apparent ages exceed their KAr, RbSr and, in most cases, stratigraphic ages by substantial amounts. release spectra sometimes yield plateaus but these apparent ages have no geological significance. The results indicate that 39Ar is lost by recoil from mineral grains during neutron irradiation, consistent with previously reported observations. The amount of 39Ar loss was measured by isotope dilution for four samples and varied from 29% to 17%. In contrast, radiogenic 40Ar is quantitatively retained during irradiation. The very fine blades which make up glauconite grains yield the mineral susceptible to large amounts of 39Ar loss and unsuitable for dating. 相似文献
13.
Ar同位素体系定年矿物的封闭温度范围广,并且可以获得650℃～150℃温度段的非线性冷却历史,因此~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar热年代学成为研究地质体热演化历史过程中最有效的工具之一。但是由于矿物中Ar同位素扩散机制还有一些问题没有清楚地被认识,因此在一定程度上制约了~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar热年代学的发展。本文介绍了目前应用最广泛的两种~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar热年代学模式:多重扩散域模式和多路径扩散模式,讨论了它们的发展现状、存在的问题、可能解决的方法以及今后的发展方向。 相似文献
14.
The mineral separate GA1550 biotite has become an international standard for K/Ar and 40Ar/39Ar dating studies, although it was prepared as an intralaboratory standard at ANU to monitor tracer depletion from a gas pipette. It is one of a small number of samples that has been calibrated against 38Ar tracers, some of which had been mixed with known amounts of atmospheric argon, so that a so-called primary calibration has been performed. By measuring GA1550 biotite against additional tracers from the same batch we have determined the radiogenic argon content of this sample as 1.342 (± 0.007) × 10? 9 mol/g, and together with the measured K content of 7.645 (± 0.050) weight percent, we derive a best estimate for the K/Ar age as 98.5 ± 0.5 Ma, where the error is derived from averaging the ages determined relative to the 38Ar tracer. 相似文献
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16.
The 40Ar/39Ar dating technique is based on the knowledge of the age of neutron fluence monitors (standards). Recent investigations have improved the accuracy and precision of the ages of most of the Phanerozoic-aged standards (e.g. Fish Canyon Tuff sanidine (FCs), Alder Creek sanidine, GA1550 biotite and LP-6 biotite); however, no specific study has been undertaken on the older standards (i.e. Hb3gr hornblende and NL-25 hornblende) generally used to date Precambrian, high Ca/K, and/or meteoritic rocks.In this study, we show that Hb3gr hornblende is relatively homogenous in age, composition (Ca/K) and atmospheric contamination at the single grain level. The mean standard deviation of the 40Ar?/39ArK (F-value) derived from this study is 0.49%, comparable to the most homogeneous standards. The intercalibration factor (which allows direct comparison between standards) between Hb3gr and FCs is RFCsHb3gr = 51.945 ± 0.167. Using an age of 28.02 Ma for FCs, the age of Hb3gr derived from the R-value is 1073.6 ± 5.3 Ma (1σ; internal error only) and ± 8.8 Ma (including all sources of error). This age is indistinguishable within uncertainty from the K/Ar age previously reported at 1072 ± 11 Ma [Turner G., Huneke, J.C., Podosek, F.A., Wasserburg, G.J., 1971. 40Ar-39Ar ages and cosmic ray exposure ages of Apollo 14 samples. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 12, 19-35].The R-value determined in this study can also be used to intercalibrate FCs if we consider the K/Ar date of 1072 Ma as a reference age for Hb3gr. We derive an age of 27.95 ± 0.19 Ma (1σ; internal error only) for FCs which is in agreement with the previous determinations. Altogether, this shows that Hb3gr is a suitable standard for 40Ar/39Ar geochronology. 相似文献
17.
激光显微探针~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar同位素定年 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
已有 5 0年历史的K Ar定年法 ,由于过剩Ar和Ar丢失的普遍发现 ,使其最广泛的应用面临着严重挑战。40 Ar/ 3 9Ar分步加热释氩法是常规K Ar定年法的发展 ,它克服了常规K Ar定年法的一些局限 ,又可以测定岩浆构造热事件。激光显微探针40 Ar/ 3 9Ar定年法是在 2 0世纪末把聚焦激光束应用在40 Ar/ 3 9Ar分步加热释氩法中而发展起来的一种定年方法。它既具有常规K Ar定年法和40Ar/ 3 9Ar分步加热释氩法的所有优越性 ,又把定年引入微观领域。特别是在 2 0世纪的最后几年 ,以激光显微探针40 Ar/ 3 9Ar定年方法的完善和精度的提高为标志 ,把K Ar年代学研究推向了一个新的里程碑。微区微量高精度高分辨定年 ,把定年时限扩展到人类历史范畴 ,精细的分析技术拓宽了年代学的应用范围 ,使之解决的地质问题更广泛和深入 ,并且开始冲击着地球科学中的某些热点和难点课题。 相似文献
18.
The effects of deformation on radiogenic argon (40Ar∗) retentivity in mica are described from high pressure experiments performed on rock samples of peraluminous granite containing euhedral muscovite and biotite. Cylindrical cores, ∼15 mm in length and 6.25 mm in diameter, were drilled from granite collected from the South Armorican Massif in northwestern France, loaded into gold capsules, and weld-sealed in the presence of excess water. The samples were deformed at a pressure of 10 kb and a temperature of 600 °C over a period 29 of hours within a solid medium assembly in a Griggs-type triaxial hydraulic deformation apparatus. Overall shortening in the experiments was approximately 10%. Transmitted light and secondary and backscattered electron imaging of the deformed granite samples reveals evidence of induced defects and for significant physical grain size reduction by kinking, cracking, and grain segmentation of the micas.Infrared (IR) laser (CO2) heating of individual 1.5-2.5 mm diameter grains of muscovite and biotite separated from the undeformed granite yield well-defined 40Ar/39Ar plateau ages of 311 ± 2 Ma (2σ). Identical experiments on single grains separated from the experimentally deformed granite yield results indicating 40Ar∗ loss of 0-35% in muscovite and 2-3% 40Ar∗ loss in biotite. Intragrain in situ ultraviolet (UV) laser ablation 40Ar/39Ar ages (±4-10%, 1σ) of deformed muscovites range from 309 ± 13 to 264 ± 7 Ma, consistent with 0-16% 40Ar∗ loss relative to the undeformed muscovite. The in situ UV laser ablation 40Ar/39Ar ages of deformed biotite vary from 301 to 217 Ma, consistent with up to 32% 40Ar∗ loss. No spatial correlation is observed between in situ40Ar/39Ar age and position within individual grains. Using available argon diffusion data for muscovite the observed 40Ar∗ loss in the experimentally treated muscovite can be utilized to predict average 40Ar∗ diffusion dimensions. Maximum 40Ar/39Ar ages obtained by UV laser ablation overlap those of the undeformed muscovite, indicating argon loss of <1% and an average effective grain radius for 40Ar∗ diffusion ?700 μm. The UV laser ablation and IR laser incremental 40Ar/39Ar ages indicating 40Ar∗ loss of 16% and 35%, respectively, are consistent with an average diffusion radius ?100 μm. These results support a hypothesis of grain-scale 40Ar∗ diffusion distances in undeformed mica and a heterogeneous mechanical reduction in the intragrain effective diffusion length scale for 40Ar∗ in deformed mica. Reduction in the effective diffusion length scale in naturally deformed samples occurs most probably through production of mesoscopic and submicroscopic defects such as, e.g., stacking faults. A network of interconnected defects, continuously forming and annealing during dynamic deformation likely plays an important role in controlling both 40Ar∗ retention and intragrain distribution in deformed mica. Intragrain 40Ar/39Ar ages, when combined with estimates of diffusion kinetics and distances, may provide a means of establishing thermochronological histories from individual micas. 相似文献
19.
新疆北部基性岩脉40Ar/39Ar年代学研究 总被引：8，自引：4，他引：4
晚古生代以来,新疆北部地区侵入了一系列的基性岩脉,成为了解该地区地壳生长过程的重要窗口.本文采用激光40Ar/39Ar年代学方法,对整个北疆地区出露的基性岩脉进行了精细年代学研究.从数据特征上分析.低本底激光加40Ar/39Ar方法能对低钾含量、极少量样品(0.1mg～5mg)进行精细定年,所以非常适合进行基性岩脉的精细定年.本文展示的基性岩脉激光40Ar/39Ar方法的高质量数据显示新疆北部基性岩脉群的活动时限跨越332～174Ma,为石炭纪-侏罗纪.由数据分析可以看出,新疆北部基性岩脉群在时间上,呈现脉动式侵位特征,在332～174Ma之间,有多达6～7次脉动式活动,时间间隔大致为20～30Ma.从基性岩脉所揭示的大地构造含义来分析,新疆北部地区从石炭纪到侏罗纪处在一个相似的地壳演化阶段.为一个陆壳垂向生长、区域构造应力场显示拉张的构造环境,并在时间、空间上具有相对统一的特征. 相似文献
20.
P. Alexandre 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》2011,75(15):4260-4272
In the case of volume diffusion, the closure temperature of a mineral is function of, among other factors, the characteristic diffusion dimension, which can be approximated by the grain size of the mineral analysed for grains smaller than or similar in size to the diffusion domains. The theoretical possibility of single mineral grain size thermochronology had been demonstrated empirically in earlier studies, mostly using biotite. In order to examine the potential of this method, it was tested alongside the widely used multi-mineral 40Ar/39Ar thermochronology. The sample comes from the granitic McLean pluton, in the south section of the Grenville orogeny. Seven grain size separates of biotite (ranging between 90 and 1000 μm), eight size fractions of amphibole (between 63 and 1000 μm), and three size fractions of K-feldspar (250-600 μm) were extracted and dated by the laser step-heating 40Ar/39Ar method. The total gas ages obtained behave as theoretically predicted, with increasing ages for increasing grain sizes, including for K-feldspar, but with the exception of the smallest and the largest grains for biotite and amphibole. The calculated cooling rates are ca. 0.7 °C/Ma for K-feldspar, ca. 2.5 °C/Ma for biotite, and ca. 11 °C/Ma for amphibole, corresponding very well to a monotonic cooling of the McLean pluton. A quick initial thermal re-equilibration with the cooler host-rocks is followed by a much slower cooling on a thermal path parallel to that of the Frontenac Terrain situated immediately to the southeast. The validity of the single mineral grain size thermochronology is demonstrated by comparison with the thermal evolution of the adjacent units and with the cooling history derived from a multi-mineral thermochronology, suggesting that it can be routinely used. The application of this method can be hampered by insufficiently low analytical uncertainties. 相似文献