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随着遥感卫星的分辨率越来越高,遥感技术在地质填图工作中的应用也愈发广泛,尽管遥感技术在地质学的应用仍有很多不足,但仅仅对于地质填图工作来说,已经可以节约部分野外工作量,通过遥感地质解译可区分岩性差异较大的地质体,并绘制其界线,减少不必要的野外调查,将地质工作者的精力放在更复杂的地学问题上。高分2号卫星属于中高分变率卫星,全色波段08 m,其数据质量高、数据获取方便、重访周期短等优点逐渐吸引地质工作者的注意。目前,使用高分2号卫星进行遥感地质解译的文献相对较少,本文具有一定的示范作用。本次以1∶5万标准图幅瓦房店市幅为例,使用GF2号数据与Landsat8数据融合和主成分分析后做假彩色合成影像,解译出地质单元21个,线性断裂构造61条,使用真彩色合成与DEM叠加建立地表三维模型来确定断裂期次与交切关系,最终将遥感地质解译结果与野外实地调查工作成果相对比,以分析地质解译精度,经测算两者平均吻合率达80%,达到1∶5万区域地质调需要,为瓦房店市幅1∶5万区域地质调查工作提供参考依据,填补瓦房店地区地质单元遥感影像特征的空白。 相似文献
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贵州贞丰背斜区卫星TM影像特征与金矿关系初探 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文在对贞丰背斜区卫星ＴＭ图像进行地质解译及金矿调查的基础上，初步探讨了ＴＭ影像特征与金矿的关系，旨在为找矿提供地质遥感依据。 相似文献
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遥感技术是地质填图工作的重要辅助技术方法。针对内蒙古额济纳旗地区的荒漠戈壁地貌景观特点,在地质填图中选取国产资源三号卫星遥感数据和ETM+遥感数据作为遥感解译的数据源,并分别对获取的遥感数据进行数据融合、几何校正（或精校正）、图像校正和镶嵌等数据处理。鉴于测区植被不发育,地表多以基岩和戈壁滩为主,资源三号遥感图像颜色单调。特将校正的资源三号图像与ETM+图像进行图像融合,融合后的图像既具有ETM+图像的丰富色彩信息,又保证了资源三号卫星图像的高空间分辨率,便于实施人机交互地质矿产信息提取。根据遥感影像特征,建立了地层、侵入体和构造的解译标志,提取了与岩性和构造相关的各类信息,结合地质资料进行综合判别解译,提高了地质填图工作的准确性,为荒漠戈壁地貌区的地质填图提供了技术支持。 相似文献
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该数据集以Landsat-7 ETM+卫星数据为主要数据源,在已有地质矿产资料分析研究的基础上,采用计算机技术和GIS技术相结合的方法,完成了非洲地区约3020万km2面积的1∶500万遥感地质解译。提取了地层、火山岩、中酸性侵入岩、基性岩或超基性岩、线性构造和环形构造等与成矿有密切关系的地质要素,划分出7个重要成矿带。形成了包含非洲地区Landsat-7 ETM+遥感影像图,非洲地区1∶500万遥感地质解译图和非洲地区1∶500万重要成矿带划分图在内的数据集,卫星数据分辨率为30 m,为在非洲地区开展基础地质研究和矿产勘查投资提供重要参考。 相似文献
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正射遥感影像地图是遥感数字图像经过精纠正（包括投影差改正）,并与数字化的简化地形图复合的一种新图．通过在ＧＰＳ,ＧＩＳ数据点控制下遥感图像的精校正,研制出了试验区具有国际分幅规格标准的１∶５万正射遥感影像地图,并直接用于遥感区调试验和成矿预测研究．研究中应用新研制的正射遥感影像（地图）进行地质解译和地质、物探、化探、遥感等多元地学信息综合与复合处理及成矿预测,完成了试验区１∶５万解译地质图、成矿预测图等系列图件,取得了显著效果． 相似文献
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复杂结构构造区遥感图像的地质信息提取方法——基于小波变换的多层次图像分割 总被引：7，自引：3，他引：7
针对基岩裸露的造山带变形强烈、地层组合复杂、解译难度大的特点，提出了一种有效结合纹理信息和颜色信息的小波帧包变换的多层次图像分割方法，克服了以往图像处理方法将低层特征孤立起来的缺陷，在南天山东段铜花山－硫磺山地区地表地质结构的遥感影像解译中获得了令人满意的效果，为强烈变形的复杂结构构造区从遥感图像上提取地质信息提供了有效的途径。 相似文献
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遥感技术在区域地质调查中的应用研究进展 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
论述了１∶５万区域地质调查中的图像信息理论及其应用意义；讨论了遥感岩石学、影像地层学、遥感构造分析、环境地质与生态地质遥感地质解译填图的基础理论和方法；论述了影像地质界线的基本信息类型及其信息理解过程；提出了影像地质信息的多级识别方法和空间模糊叠加分析方法；最后探讨了区域地质调查中遥感技术的发展趋势。 相似文献
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玻利维亚优势矿种成矿带划分和基于遥感地质解译的找矿预测 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
钨、锡和锑是玻利维亚的优势矿种。基于ETM遥感影像和遥感地质解译方法对玻利维亚安第斯山脉优势矿种分布特征进行解译,从遥感地质角度圈定玻利维亚优势矿种和科迪勒拉成矿带,并进一步分为科迪勒拉奥连塔尔(Cordillera Oriental)和科迪勒拉奥赛登塔尔(Cordillera Occidental)2个成矿亚带。成矿带在空间上具有东西分带,南北分区的特征;在时间上具有东带老、西带新,北段老、南段新的特征。依据成矿地质条件和成矿带时空分布特征进行遥感找矿预测,按不同比例尺由粗到细,逐步缩小找矿靶区,分层次划分找矿预测区。通过1∶100万遥感地质解译,提出战略选区;通过1∶25万遥感地质解译,提出重点找矿区;通过1∶5万遥感地质解译,提出找矿预测区。 相似文献
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CSAMT 法在辽西康杖子区深部探矿中的应用 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
可控源音频大地电磁法(CSAMT)具有探测深度大、横向分辨率高、抗干扰能力强的特点,在深部找矿勘探中有着重要的指导意义。肖家营子铜钼矿床是辽西地区一个大型矽卡岩型金属矿床,大部分矿体是隐伏矿体,矿区外围的康杖子区与本区有相似的成矿地质环境,成矿地质条件优越.矿体与围岩电性差异明显,通过应用CSAMT,矿体具有低电阻特点,根据成果推断解释,对深部有利成矿部位进行了钻探验证,取得了理想的探矿效果,在矿区外围取得第二深度空间找矿重大突破。 相似文献
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Julie Okpala 《GeoJournal》1990,20(1):37-43
This paper traces the development of geographic education in Nigeria and examines the views of geographers, other academics,
students and the public at large about the importance of geography. Geography's value is immense despite the non-professional
nature of the discipline. Nevertheless, there is a need to define geography's status and ensure career prospects for students.
The Nigerian Geographical Association (from classroom teaachers to top geographers) must promote geography, improve its status
in schools and universities, and continuously restructure its content and methods to address pertinent social needs. 相似文献
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Trends in landslide occurrence in Nepal 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
David N. Petley Gareth J. Hearn Andrew Hart Nicholas J. Rosser Stuart A. Dunning Katie Oven Wishart A. Mitchell 《Natural Hazards》2007,43(1):23-44
Nepal is a mountainous, less developed kingdom that straddles the boundary between the Indian and Himalayan tectonic plates.
In Nepal, landslides represent a major constraint on development, causing high levels of economic loss and substantial numbers
of fatalities each year. There is a general consensus that the impacts of landslides in countries such as Nepal are increasing
with time, but until now there has been little or no quantitative data to support this view, or to explain the causes of the
increases. In this paper, a database of landslide fatalities in Nepal has been compiled and analysed for the period 1978–2005.
The database suggests that there is a high level of variability in the occurrence of landslides from year to year, but that
the overall trend is upward. Analyses of the trends in the data suggest that there is a cyclicity in the occurrence of landslide
fatalities that strongly mirrors the cyclicity observed in the SW (summer) monsoon in South Asia. Perhaps surprisingly the
relationship is inverse, but this is explained through an inverse relationship between monsoon strength and the amount of
precipitation in the Hill District areas of Nepal. It is also clear that in recent years the number of fatalities has increased
dramatically over and above the effects of the monsoon cycle. Three explanations are explored for this: land-use change, the
effects of the ongoing civil war in Nepal, and road building. It is concluded that a major component of the generally upward
trend in landslide impact probably results from the rural road-building programme, and its attendant changes to physical and
natural systems. 相似文献
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Takeshi Nose Dr. 《GeoJournal》1985,10(3):261-276
Conclusions During the last ten years, aquaculture, especially mariculture has undergone remarkable expansion to counter-balance the gap between the supply and demand of fishery products in Japan. Its expansion has also been supported by the traditional preference of the Japanese people for seafood. Mariculture is now being forced to change its structure due to adverse economic circumstances such as the rise in the cost of energy, feeds and other materials for culture, low market prices, deterioration of environmental conditions, and many other factors. Before these constraints can be resolved, advanced scientific knowledge and technologies must be integrated to develop new types of aquaculture. Expansion of maricultural activities to more open-sea and off shore areas would be one route to follow. Technologies for the development of formulated diets not only for young but also for adults and larvae, establishment of feeding standards, prevention of epizootic diseases must support the establishment of modern aquaculture.The culture-based fisheries, or marine ranching, is becoming a subject for further development in Japan. Much research work has been conducted with a great degree of governmental support. Establishment of a net work of seedstock production farms has made it possible to carry out releasing experiments on a large scale. A newly integrated restoration system could be developed on the basis of these experiments, even though the profits resulting from the artificial restoration of stocks is not thouroughly verified at present. The commencement of a national scheme for culture-based fisheries would be a manifestation of the enthusiasm of the Japanese fish industry. 相似文献
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2010年,美国铀矿总共施工7 209个钻孔,总进尺1 493 520 m;生产铀1 628.55 t;铀矿业总支出费用为2.773亿美元,其中铀矿地勘费支出为3 450万美元,占铀矿业总费用的12.44%。铀矿地勘钻探费用为4 460万美元,占铀矿业总费用的16.08%。 相似文献
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硫代砷是富硫化物地下水中砷的重要形态,对环境和人类健康有潜在威胁。目前硫代砷研究程度尚低,本次主要针对国内外地下水（地热水）中硫代砷的存在形态,水文—生物—环境地球化学过程,样品保存,定量检测方法等方面进行研究。结论如下:pH, 氧化还原电位,硫化物含量和微生物作用等是影响地下水中硫代砷稳定存在和形态分布的重要因素。含铁矿物能与水中的硫代砷形成配位键对其进行吸附,吸附性普遍弱于（亚）砷酸盐,因此,地下水中硫代砷可能表现出更强的迁移性。用于硫代砷检测的自然水样在采集中可采取过滤,速冻,厌氧和低温短期保存的操作流程,以减缓该形态的转化甚至消失。色谱联用ICP-MS系统可用于自然水样中硫代砷的分离定量检测,紫外—可见分光光度法和X射线吸收光谱法在不同场景下也可对硫代砷进行定量和表征分析。地热水和浅层地下水中均可能存在硫代砷,由于水样中硫代砷的不稳定性,室内检测和分析难以准确反映现场过程,因此,野外样品保存技术和现场检测方法的更新可能在未来有更大研究空间,值得进一步探索。 相似文献
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内蒙古苏尼特地下水氟污染形成机理研究 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
为了研究内蒙古苏尼特地区地下水氟污染机理,本文运用水文地球化学分类方法,从水文地质、水化学特征两方面研究其地下水的水质特征、氟的起源、分布规律及污染形成机理。研究结果发现:高氟地下水的主要水质类型为HCO3—Na型,pH值在7.08～9.38之间,氟浓度与井深有关,即井越浅,氟浓度越高;地下水中氟浓度最高达14.78mg/L,5～9月地下水氟浓度相对增长率在7.8～23.1之间;F-浓度与Li+、Br-相关系数达0.89和0.82,受断层影响的深层地下水中F-浓度几乎与Li+、Br-没有相关关系,这暗示着氟来源于浅部,并受到强烈的蒸发作用影响而使水中的氟浓缩;地质调查发现该地区还有数个萤石矿存在,显微镜分析结果证实表层土壤中普遍存在CaF2,地下水中的氟来自CaF2。高氟地下水存在于潜水层,深部含水层的地下水可供开采。从断层带涌出的水对潜水层有稀释作用。 相似文献
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Radon is a radioactive gas emanating naturally from uranium rich granites and shales. It may be emitted from the ground surface into the atmosphere as a gas, or it may be dissolved into stream water and transported over distance. The levels of radon gas in soils at ground surface depend on a number of factors relating to the source of the gas and to its transmission. Igneous rocks contain the highest mean concentrations of radium and uranium. The depth of cover is relevant also. Surveys over the years by the National Radiological Protection Board (NRPB) and others have indicated that the highest concentrations in the United Kingdom occur in Cornwall, Devon and northeast Scotland. However, recent reports have indicated that high concentrations of the gas may be detected in small pockets in counties outside of those considered at high risk. This survey relates to a series of measurements taken in and around Darlington, County Durham. The results showed the presence of small areas with strong concentrations of radon in soil gas, but only minor levels of dissolved gas in stream waters. 相似文献