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1.
尚浚 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》1979,(2)
不透明矿物反光显微镜研究方法中,对于正交偏光下矿物光学性质研究不够。其原因是光学原理较复杂,许多光性缺乏可供查阅的数据。近十几年来反射正交偏光下矿物光性理论日臻完善。特别是由于反射光下偏光图的研究,对正交偏光下矿物各种光学性质的测试提供了理论依据。 本文仅对不透明矿物的非均质视旋转角、非均质旋转色散的测试方法及其应用略以论述。 相似文献
2.
矿物的反射光谱,是一种镜面反射光谱。它是指在一定的照明条件下,矿物的反射率随波长变化的特征曲线。 矿物反射光谱的某些光性特征已有人做了一些讨论。R·加洛平(Galopin)和N·F·M亨利(Henry)对铜蓝的光性随波长变化作了研究,陈正等还指出了反射光谱反映反射色,双反射和非均质性等光学性质。笔者认为,矿物的反射光谱具有特征的性质。虽然它是在单偏光下测定的,且仅为多波长反射率的连线,但它却统一地反映着矿物的绝大多数反射光学性质,包括单偏光下的全部光学性质和正交偏光下的许多重要光学性质。此外,还包含有矿物的结晶构造和化学成分两方面的综合信息。 相似文献
3.
一、测定方法非均质矿物在反射光下具有使偏光振动面发生非均性旋转的性质.即垂直入射的直线偏光经非均质矿物光片垂直反射后,反射偏光的振动面向非均质矿物较大主反射率轴方向旋转一定的角度.1950年美国学者E·N·卡梅伦和L·H·格林把非均质吸收性矿物的某些结晶学要素(晶体延长习性、解理、双晶等)和这种非均性旋转联系起来,规定结晶学要素方向的反射力大于其垂直方向反射力者为正旋性(图1),反之为负旋性(图2).为了更加实用.可以考虑规定离结晶学要素最近之消光位方向,的反射力大于其垂 相似文献
4.
利用偏光显微镜进行岩矿鉴定和岩相学分析是矿物学、岩石学研究的一项基本工作。常用偏光显微镜的观察视域范围狭小,视域大小不能随意变动,这对大视域观察与识别镜下岩石的结构、构造、显微地质现象和粗大矿物等造成困难。基于上述问题,本文在偏光显微镜成像原理基础上,开发出利用扫描仪和偏振光片获取岩石薄片大视域图像的方法,即薄片扫描法。该方法能获得大视域的单偏光和正交偏光图像,为科学研究提供精确的、全面的图像证据资料。薄片扫描法所需设备简单、操作简易、能获得全域精美的数字化图像、能清晰的反映矿物结构构造和地质现象,为识别矿物学和岩石学信息提供了科学方法。薄片扫描法适用于矿物颗粒粗大、形态复杂的显微地质现象,常规偏光显微镜下不能反映结构、构造的样品。薄片扫描法的成功开发,对岩相学、构造岩相学等方面的研究具有现实意义。 相似文献
5.
碳酸盐储集岩的非均质性及其主要控制作用研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
碳酸盐岩储层由于沉积作用多变、岩石的物理、化学性质不稳定，在复杂多样成岩作用下，岩石表现出强烈的非均质性。掌握这种非均质性三维发育情况是勘探工作的重点，通过对碳酸盐岩非均质性各控制因素的研究，并利用这种因素进行储层综合评价，可以寻找到最有利储层的发育地带，就是各种有利因素均很活跃的地区，并以此指出了下一步勘探的方向。 相似文献
6.
马厂油田沙三下亚段储层非均质性研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
笔者对马厂油田沙三下亚段储层的层内、层间及平面非均质性进行了
研究，分析了其控制因素，提出了非均质综合评价方法，并进行了非均质
评价。认为储层的非均质性受其沉积环境、成岩后生作用和构造运动控
制。层内非均质性严重，层间非均质性及平面非均质性较严重；砂组非均
质性较强，小层的相对较弱。评价结果表明，本区中等非均质储层分布普
遍。 相似文献
7.
利用岩心分析资料和测井解释成果,对切16井区E1+2油藏各主要含油小层储层非均质性参数(渗透率变异系数、突进系数、级差和非均质系数)进行了计算,结合昆北地区实际情况,建立了渗透率非均质性参数的评价标准,在此基础上对切16井区各小层层内和层间非均质性进行了评价;同时提出了一种新的研究储层平面非均质性的方法——参数差值平面分布法,对切16井区储层平面非均质性进行了研究;最后,从沉积相和成岩作用方面分析了储层非均质性的主控因素。研究表明,昆北油田切16井区储层非均质性整体上较强,其中,层内非均质性中等,层间和平面非均质性较强,沉积微相和胶结作用是制约本区储层非均质性的主要因素。本次研究可以为昆北油田下一步开发方案的编制提供科学合理的依据。 相似文献
8.
储层非均质性作为储层表征的核心内容之一,一直是研究者关注的焦点。储层非均质性的研究内容主要包括储层非均质性分类、储层非均质性评价、储层非均质性成因分析和储层非均质性对油气田开发的影响等。国外对于储层非均质性研究主要包括利用各种实验研究储层孔渗等物性特征及其对流体渗流规律的影响、利用野外露头资料开展地质建模和模拟研究进行储层非均质性定量分析。国内主要包括通过沉积学、成岩作用等地质成因分析研究储层非均质性和基于测井精细解释的渗透率等储层物性参数进行非均质性的定量评价等。研究方法有地质成因分析法、层序地层学方法、各种实验研究方法、地质统计学方法、各种数学计算方法、测井解释方法、地质建模方法、地震预测方法、数值模拟方法和生产动态分析法等。结合自身科研实践,分析了不同研究方法的优缺点。在此基础上指出了目前储层非均质性研究中存在的主要问题和今后的发展方向。 相似文献
9.
本文系统叙述了垂直入射光下,非均质吸收性矿物光学性质的理论,推导出了下列光性的计算公式:①非均质旋转角Arβ;②非均质视旋转角Ar;③椭圆率2θ;④正交反射率R_ 。这些公式是解释反光显微镜下所发生的光学现象及定量测定的理论基础。最后以赤铁矿为例,计算了它的各种光性数据,计算结果与实测数据完全符合。非均质透明矿物可看作吸收性矿物的特例,令公式中吸收率k=O,即可得到非均质透明矿物各种光性公式。 相似文献
10.
油田开发阶段储层平面非均质性变化特征：以胜坨油田二区东营组三段为例 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以胜坨油田二区东营组三段（以下简称东三段）为例，提出以非均质综合指数为表征参数，以其平面等值图为依据研究目的层不同开发时期储层的平面非均质性。分析了开发初期、开发中期和开发后期的非均质特征，得到了不同时期非均质性的变化规律；探讨了储层平面非均质性与剩余油分布的关系。研究表明，东三段储层的平面非均质程度随注水开发而变化；开发初期以中等—较强非均质性为主，开发中期非均质性增强，开发后期以较强非均质性为主；中部非均质性相对较强，西北部相对较弱；沉积微相主体部位的非均质性变弱，侧缘部位的非均质性变强；平面非均质性增强的趋势仍将持续下去。约75%的剩余油分布在较强非均质性的储层中。 相似文献
11.
对不同类型褐色钻石进行高温高压处理和结构特性研究是钻石研究中的难点和重点之一。前人对富氢钻石的研究主要集中于其特殊的生长结构以及其形成环境的探讨,而对富氢钻石经高温高压处理后的变化特征鲜有涉及。本文对经高温高压处理前后的富氢钻石的红外光谱、紫外可见吸收光谱以及光致发光光谱等谱学特征进行了对比,研究其鉴定特征。结果表明:高温高压处理前后的富氢钻石的光谱特征具有明显差异,特别是红外光谱,经处理后的钻石中与氮氢有关的吸收峰如3310 cm~(-1)、3232 cm~(-1)、3189 cm~(-1)等明显减弱甚至消失,并出现与孤氮有关的新的2688 cm~(-1)吸收峰;紫外可见光吸收光谱中,经处理的褐色钻石中的无选择性吸收(钻石呈褐色的原因)变为孤氮的典型吸收,即550 nm至短波的吸收以及N_3中心(415 nm)的吸收均明显增强,因此钻石也由原来的褐色变为黄色。钻石经处理前后的光致发光光谱中,与氮原子有关的缺陷类型、峰的强度以及缺陷组合也有变化。本文获得的光谱变化特征,为准确鉴定高温高压处理的黄色富氢钻石提供了依据,也为解释与氢和氮相关的晶格缺陷在高温条件下的变化机理提供了理论基础。 相似文献
12.
国家黄金钻石制品质量监督检验中心收到待检的百余件群镶钻石首饰中发现混有大量HPHT合成黄色钻石.采用宝石显微镜、红外光谱仪、X射线荧光光谱仪、紫外可见光分光光谱仪、紫外荧光灯、DiamondView^TM等对HPHT合成钻石样品做了详细地测试与分析.结果表明,这些HPHT合成钻石样品具有较为统一的黄色,放大检查可见合成钻石内部含有大量棒状、柱状、细小微粒状的铁镍合金包裹体,且几乎都有磁性,有些磁性甚至较强;样品的红外反射光谱非常特征,均具有明显的1 131 cm^-1处的吸收峰,为Ⅰb型钻石,而Ⅰb型钻石在天然钻石中极少见到;X射线荧光光谱测试显示有强烈的铁峰和镍峰,且在短波紫外线下多数具有绿黄色荧光.HPHT合成钻石在DiamondView^TM下具有不同程度的黄绿色荧光,部分具有黑十字现象. 相似文献
13.
Structural defects formed as a result of plastic deformation in natural diamond crystals have been studied by EPR spectroscopy. The spectra of brown, pink-brown, black-brown, pink-purple, and gray plastically deformed diamonds of type Ia from deposits in Yakutia and the Urals were recorded. The results of EPR spectroscopy allowed us to identify various deformation centers in the structure of natural diamonds and to show that nitrogen centers were transformed under epigenetic mechanical loading. Abundant A centers, consisting of two isomorphic nitrogen atoms located in neighboring structural sites, were destroyed as a result of this process to form a series of N1, N4, W7, M2, and M3 nitrogen centers. Such centers are characterized by an anisotropic spatial distribution and a positive charge, related to the mechanism of their formation. In addition, N2 centers (probably, deformation-produced dislocations decorated by nitrogen) were formed in all plastically deformed diamonds and W10 and W35 centers (the models have not been finally ascertained) were formed in some of them. It has been established that diamonds with various types of deformation-induced color contain characteristic associations of these deformation centers. The diversity of associations of deformation centers indicates appreciable variations in conditions of disintegration of deep-seated rocks, transfer of diamonds to the Earth’s surface, and formation of kimberlitic deposits. Depending on the conditions of mechanical loading, the diamond crystals were plastically deformed by either dislocation gliding or mechanical twinning. Characteristic features of plastic deformation by dislocation gliding are the substantial prevalence of the N2 centers over other deformation centers and the occurrence of the high-spin W10 and W35 centers. The attributes of less frequent plastic deformation by mechanical twinning are unusual localization of the M2 centers and, in some cases, the N1 centers in microtwinned lamellae. Numerous data on models of deformation centers in natural diamonds, including the M2 and M3 centers, which were observed in the studied collection for the first time, are discussed. 相似文献
14.
以碳酸盐为碳源生成金刚石的实验研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
本世纪五十年代初,在金属触媒物质的参与下,由石墨得到金刚石的成功,标志着人工合成超硬材料及高温高压技术两方面的巨大突破。三十年来的科学研究和生产实践推动着这一领域不断地向纵深发展,并提出了建立在不同理论基础上的金刚石生成方法,如爆破法、晶种法、气相生长法、常压高温法、薄膜推移法等等。 相似文献
15.
最近NGTC实验室检测出多批次CVD合成钻石,这些CVD合成钻石均具有明显的鉴定特征,使用钻石观测仪（DiamondViewTM）观察可见蓝色、橙红色荧光和蓝色磷光以及细密层状生长纹理,光致发光光谱中可见737 nm处的特征发光线.这些特征均与其生长结构及生长过程中进入钻石晶体中的杂质有关.笔者以最近检测过程中发现的一颗CVD合成钻石为例,使用高倍率显微技术对其层状结构的微细特征及其在钻石观测仪下的荧光特征的关系进行了详细观察和对比.结果显示,此样品与之前检测到的CVD合成钻石略有差异.此次检测到的样品在钻石观测仪（DiamondViewTM）下观察具有较宽的层状生长分区,层与层之间的分界线十分明显且在高倍显微镜下也可见到细微的生长特征.通过对样品特征的分析,了解了晶体生长过程中多阶段生长条件的变化,更直观的展现了CVD合成钻石的生长过程. 相似文献
16.
Nature of diamonds in Yakutian eclogites: views from eclogite tomography and mineral inclusions in diamonds 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Mahesh Anand Lawrence A. Taylor Kula C. Misra William D. Carlson Nikolai V. Sobolev 《Lithos》2004,77(1-4):333-348
We have performed dissections of two diamondiferous eclogites (UX-1 and U33/1) from the Udachnaya kimberlite, Yakutia in order to understand the nature of diamond formation and the relationship between the diamonds, their mineral inclusions, and host eclogite minerals. Diamonds were carefully recovered from each xenolith, based upon high-resolution X-ray tomography images and three-dimensional models. The nature and physical properties of minerals, in direct contact with diamonds, were investigated at the time of diamond extraction. Polished sections of the eclogites were made, containing the mould areas of the diamonds, to further investigate the chemical compositions of the host minerals and the phases that were in contact with diamonds. Major- and minor-element compositions of silicate and sulfide mineral inclusions in diamonds show variations among each other, and from those in the host eclogites. Oxygen isotope compositions of one garnet and five clinopyroxene inclusions in diamonds from another Udachnaya eclogite (U51) span the entire range recorded for eclogite xenoliths from Udachnaya. In addition, the reported compositions of almost all clinopyroxene inclusions in U51 diamonds exhibit positive Eu anomaly. This feature, together with the oxygen isotopic characteristics, is consistent with the well-established hypothesis of subduction origin for Udachnaya eclogite xenoliths. It is intuitive to expect that all eclogite xenoliths in a particular kimberlite should have common heritage, at least with respect to their included diamonds. However, the variation in the composition of multiple inclusions within diamonds, and among diamonds, from the same eclogite indicates the involvement of complex processes in diamond genesis, at least in the eclogite xenoliths from Yakutia that we have studied. 相似文献
17.
通过对试样进行强度测试后，在高倍电镜和能谱仪上对金刚石界面金属面碳化物的微观结构和含量的观察，分析，测量其表面金属碳化物面积，计算出不同添加剂所生成的金属碳化物在不同浓度和粒度的金刚石中所生成强度的排序，从而确定不同金属碳化物及其物理力学性能的差异，为金刚石制品的生产与开发提供理论依据。 相似文献
18.
The polarized infrared (IR) absorbance spectrum was formulated for an optically anisotropic crystal under the conditions of Fourier transform microspectroscopy. The adequacy of this formulation was confirmed by comparison of calculated interference fringes with those observed in polarized absorbance spectra of optically anisotropic crystal. In accordance with the formulated absorbance, an experimental constraint for the correct measurement of polarized IR absorbance spectrum of optically anisotropic crystal is proposed. Under this experimental constraint, polarized IR absorbance spectra of quartz from Arkansas were measured. They show that the orientation of OH- dipole which compensates the charge balance coupled with Al3+ in quartz is highly polarized perpendicular to the c-axis. 相似文献
19.
The enigmatic appearance of cuboctahedral diamonds in ophiolitic and arc volcanic rocks with morphology and infrared characteristics similar to synthetic diamonds that were grown from metal solvent requires a critical reappraisal. We have studied 15 diamond crystals and fragments from Tolbachik volcano lava flows, using Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), synchrotron X-ray fluorescence (SRXRF) and laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass-spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS). FTIR spectra of Tolbachik diamonds correspond to typical type Ib patterns of synthetic diamonds. In TEM films prepared using focused ion beam technique, we find Mn-Ni and Mn-Si inclusions in Tolbachik diamonds. SRXRF spectra indicate the presence of Fe-Ni and Fe-Ni-Mn inclusions with Cr, Ti, Cu, and Zn impurities. LA-ICP-MS data show variable but significantly elevated concentrations of Mn, Fe, Ni, and Cu reaching up to 70 ppm. These transition metal concentration levels are comparable with those determined by LA-ICP-MS for similar diamonds from Tibetan ophiolites. Mn-Ni (+Fe) solvent was widely used to produce industrial synthetic diamonds in the former USSR and Russia with very similar proportions of these metals. Hence, it appears highly probable that the cuboctahedral diamonds recovered from Kamchatka arc volcanic rocks represent contamination and are likely derived from drilling tools or other hard instruments. Kinetic data on diamond dissolution in basaltic magma or in fluid phase demonstrate that diamond does not form under the pressures and temperature conditions prevalent within the magmatic system beneath the modern-day Klyuchevskoy group of arc volcanoes. We also considered reference data for inclusions in ophiolitic diamonds and compared them with the composition of solvent used in industrial diamond synthesis in China. The similar inclusion chemistry close to Ni70Mn25Co5 for ophiolitic and synthetic Chinese diamonds scrutinized here suggests that most diamonds recovered from Tibetan and other ophiolites are not natural but instead have a synthetic origin. In order to mitigate further dubious reports of diamonds from unconventional tectonic settings and source rocks, we propose a set of discrimination criteria to better distinguish natural cuboctahedral diamonds from those produced synthetically in industrial environments and found as contaminants in mantle- and crust-derived rocks. 相似文献
20.
Notable within-crystal variability of mineralogical and geochemical properties of single natural diamonds are commonly attributed to changing chemistry of parental fluids, sources of carbon and redox conditions of diamond precipitation. A distinct type of compositional heterogeneity (mixed-habit structure) is well-known to occur in diamonds as well as in many other minerals due to purely “structural” reasons that are unequal crystal chemistry of crystallographically different faces and selective absorption and fractionation of impurities between adjacent growth pyramids. Based on the combined cathodoluminescence, Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy and photoluminescence spectroscopy, study of nine diamond crystals with different growth histories and external morphology, but all showing mixed-habit patterns at different growth stages, we show that mixed-diamonds may grow in closed system conditions or with a slowly decreasing growth rate from a media with a much lower impurity content than previously thought. Intracrystal nitrogen distribution seems to be a function of growth rate even in the cases of unusual impurity partitioning between growth sectors. Generally poor with IR-active hydrogen at moderate nitrogen aggregation parameters, studied diamonds likely resemble the low hydrogen content from the growth medium that, for cubic diamonds, was typically suggested hydrogen-rich and a crucial factor for growth of cubic and mixed-habit diamonds. We also show that mixed-habit diamond growth may occur not only in peridotitic suite but also in an extended field of geochemical affinities from high-Ni to low-Ni or maybe even Ni-free environments, such as pyroxenitic or eclogitic. 相似文献