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1.
渤海海域S油田新近系明化镇组河流相复合砂体叠置样式分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
河流相砂体是我国陆相盆地最主要的油气储集层之一,随着90年代渤海海域浅层河流相油气勘探获得重大突破,使得河流相储层成为当前海上油田研究的热点。本文利用野外露头、现代沉积和岩芯以及钻测井等资料,以高分辨率层序地层学原理为指导,在精细的层序地层格架基础上,分析S油田新近系明化镇组明下段河流相层序格架和砂体结构的沉积特征,总结砂体的发育规模特征。建立河流相砂体的沉积模式,将明下段划分为38个五级层序、13个四级层序和4个三级层序;在层序格架内把河流相砂体叠置样式划分为3种类型共7类样式,分别为堆叠型、侧叠型和孤立型,和紧密接触侧叠型、疏散接触侧叠型、离散接触侧叠型、下切侵蚀河道孤立型、决口扇孤立型、孤立河道和堆叠构型7类样式。河流相砂体叠置样式的建立推动了陆相高分辨率层序学的发展。 相似文献
2.
曲流河道地貌迁移规律是重建与恢复古河道储层构型与历史演变的基础,是预测未来迁移演化趋势的前提,目前正成为国际河流沉积演化研究的热点。通过地貌形态学与河流沉积学的学科交融,以额尔齐斯河和诺威特纳河两条典型天然曲流河道为研究对象,结合Google Earth和ACME Mapper技术获取高分辨率历史卫星图像,提出现代曲流河道地貌迁移构型表征新方法与思路。在前人基础上,综合采用28种刻画要素对曲流河道平面构型进行层次解剖,更加精准定义弯度指数（S）与曲率（C）,并首次运用3种新构型表征参数:上游偏转角（Δθ）、下游偏转角（Δθ'）和扩张系数（KM）,实现曲流河道迁移构型表征的定量过程学分析。通过对12条优选典型河曲的构型刻画,表征6种迁移结构:对称扩张、上游旋转扩张、下游旋转扩张、对称收敛、上游旋转收敛和下游旋转收敛结构,归纳出9种迁移模式,并结合地貌过程学定量表征思路,探讨其对现今地下储层构型方法的重要指导意义,以期推进河流地貌形态学与河流沉积学的共同发展。 相似文献
3.
碎屑岩油气储层构型是指不同级次储层构成单元的形态、规模、方向及其叠置关系。由Miall(1985)运用于河流相储层表征。碎屑岩油气储层构型是储层非均质性的直观表现,直接影响到油气藏开发效果,如何进行精细构型表征是关系到能否正确量化开发指标、或者能否正确描述剩余油分布进而有效减少低效井比例的关键因素。针对渤海明化镇组河流相沉积储层厚度低于地震分辨率的先天不足,对各种构型在地震数据约束下可分辨尺度上进行分类,形成3种构型7类样式的分类体系:垂叠型、侧叠型和孤立型3种砂体构型,垂叠型、密接触侧叠型、疏散接触侧叠型、离散接触侧叠型、下切侵蚀河道孤立型、决口扇孤立型、孤立河道7类样式。研究了每类构型的地震响应特征,阐述了地震属性描述图版,概括了"地震构型相"将构型类型与地震响应有机结合,构建了基于地震构型相的高精度概念模型表征方法。鉴于目前地质建模和数模技术前提下无法对各类储层构型很好地网格化,建立"等效意义"的概念模型开启了一种很好的技术途径。 相似文献
4.
以长春岭油田C107区块扶余油层为例,综合应用岩心、录井、动态及测试等资料,按层次分析的思路对曲流河储层进行了构型分析。在井上单河道砂体识别的基础上,采用相控对比方法进行了单河道砂体的井间对比。基于现代沉积,提出了"S"型、同向式、背向式和切割式4类点坝砂体的组合模式,结合点坝砂体厚度特征以及与其紧邻废弃河道分布特征,在研究区识别出8个点坝砂体,单个点坝砂体面积在0.02～0.16km2。综合录井、岩心和测井等资料,在单井侧积层识别的基础上,结合对子井分析法,计算出侧积层的倾角为5°左右,侧积体的宽度为25～70m,建立了点坝砂体内部构型定量模式。应用曲流河构型分析成果,指导了热采动态分析。 相似文献
5.
渤海海域W油田新近系明化镇组河流相砂体结构特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用野外露头、现代沉积和大量岩心以及钻测井资料,以高分辨率层序地层学原理为指导,结合地震和探地雷达,分析了W油田新近系明化镇组明下段河流相层序格架和砂体结构的沉积特征,总结了砂体的发育规模特征,建立了河流相砂体的沉积模式,为海上油田开发及后期调整提供依据和指导。研究表明,渤海海域明化镇组河流相砂体结构划分为堆叠型、侧叠型和孤立型3种类型共7种样式,其中侧叠型又分为紧密型、疏散型和离散型;孤立型又分为下切侵蚀型、孤立河道和决口扇;河道砂体厚度为2.1~15m,平均6.75m;宽度为200~1 225m,平均宽度519m。决口扇砂体厚约2~3m,宽度为150~450m,平均宽度300m。河流相砂体结构受控于湖平面的变化。不同的湖平面变化下发生堆叠型、侧叠型和孤立型规律性的砂体结构变化。 相似文献
6.
西江W油田珠江组储层为一套海相辫状河三角洲前缘沉积砂体,内部结构复杂,微相类型多样。运用高分辨率层序地层学原理及测井频谱旋回分析技术,综合岩心、测井等资料,在西江W油田珠江组内部识别出5个长期和18个中期基准面旋回,搭建了精细层序地层格架。通过几何参数的统计和砂体发育规律的总结,在精细层序格架约束下,把辫状河三角洲砂体构型样式划分为孤立型、侧叠型、双向迁移型和堆叠型4种。研究表明基准面旋回变化控制了储层构型叠置样式和演化规律,不同的中期基准面旋回位置发育不同的构型样式,在中期基准面旋回上升早期或下降晚期,砂体以堆叠和侧叠为主,而中期基准面旋回上升晚期或下降早期则以双向迁移型和孤立型为主。构型分析成果有效指导了H11层剩余油的挖潜,并为海上油田三角洲储层构型研究提供了一定思路。 相似文献
7.
走滑拉分断块对沉积的控制作用——准噶尔盆地东部侏罗系中下统沉积主控因素新认识 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
通过在南缘露头剖面相构型识别,北部地震剖面解释的沉积体侧向迁移特征,建立了走滑拉分构筑的可容空间变化型式。此沉积对构造的响应模式,不仅可以很好的解释拼合砂体的分布,古流向偏转等问题,而且对于预测盆内沉积体走向也是一个很有用的工具。 相似文献
8.
为了精细刻画辫状河储层内部构型单元,提出了一种基于目标逐层递进式约束的建模方法。具体实现过程为通过基于目标的算法依次生成三个目标体:复合河道、心滩和落淤层,并设置相应规则使其满足辫状河构型模式,同时结合现代沉积和野外露头统计分析得到的经验数据与公式,来约束各目标体的参数分布范围,从而控制其在平面和剖面上的几何形态和规模,形成一套完整的递进式建模技术流程。该方法能够较好地刻画不同级次构型单元的几何形态、空间分布和相互之间的关系,生成的三维模型比较符合辫状河地质模式,实现了辫状河内部构型的三维表征,为剩余油的挖潜提供借鉴。 相似文献
9.
曲流河古河道储层构型精细解剖——以孤东油田七区西馆陶组为例 总被引：12，自引：3，他引：9
以胜利油区孤东油田七区西为例,在沉积微相研究的基础上,主要应用研究区岩心、测井,动态等资料,对曲流河古河道砂体进行了系统的储层层次构型精细解剖。在点坝定量分布模式的指导下,根据点坝砂体垂向上典型的正韵律、砂体厚度大以及紧邻废弃河道分布等特征,在研究区Ng522单层复合河道砂体内部识别出2个单一点坝。综合露头和现代沉积的研究成果、经验公式预测以及对子井分析,建立了研究区点坝内部构型定量模式,以单井上识别的泥质侧积层作为依据,点坝内部定量模式及动态监测结果作为指导,进行模式拟合,达到系统解剖点坝内部构型的目的。建立了点坝内部泥质侧积层控制的剩余油分布模式,提出了采用在点坝砂体中上部钻水平井的方式开采侧积层控制的剩余油。点坝构型解剖成果在研究区得到了较好的应用效果,而且对类似油田储层精细研究及剩余分布预测都有较好的借鉴作用。 相似文献
10.
底流在陆缘深水环境下广泛存在,可对深水沉积过程及砂体分布产生重要影响。前人对重力流与底流的交互作用机制及沉积产物开展了大量研究,但目前有关底流改造型的海底扇储层构型模式仍然研究不够深入。东非鲁伍马盆地是当前重力流—底流交互作用研究的热点地区,文中以其代表性的下始新统海底扇水道体系为例,综合岩心、测井及三维地震资料开展储层构型精细表征,建立重力流—底流交互作用下的海底扇水道体系构型模式。研究表明,目标水道体系内部发育水道、溢岸及朵叶3种构型要素,其中水道可分为水道复合体、单一水道及其内部不同级次的构型单元。底流对细粒物质的搬运可形成非对称的溢岸沉积,导致水道复合体之间呈逆底流侧向迁移叠置样式,其间泥岩隔层容易保存; 单一水道之间呈顺水道纵向迁移或逆底流侧向迁移样式,其中纵向迁移部位水道切叠连通,而侧向迁移部位容易保存泥质侧向隔挡体。受重力流沉积演化的影响,单一水道内部充填由砂泥交互型逐渐演化为富砂型,且在水道弯曲段的轴部砂体最为发育。 相似文献
11.
Massimiliano Ghinassi Wojciech Nemec Mauro Aldinucci Slavomir Nehyba Volkan Özaksoy Francesco Fidolini 《Sedimentology》2014,61(4):952-977
The mode of channel‐bend transformation (i.e. expansion, translation, rotation or a combination thereof) has a direct bearing on the dimensions, shape, bedding architecture and connectivity of point‐bar sandstone bodies within a fluvial meander belt, but is generally difficult to recognize in vertical outcrops. This study demonstrates how the bend transformation mode and relative rate of channel‐floor aggradation can be deciphered from longitudinal outcrop sections aligned parallel to the meander‐belt axis, as a crucial methodological aid to the reconstruction of ancient fluvial systems and the development of outcrop analogue models for fluvial petroleum reservoirs. The study focuses on single‐storey and multi‐storey fluvial meander‐belt sandstone bodies in the Palaeogene piggyback Boyabat Basin of north‐central Turkey. The sandstone bodies are several hundred metres wide, 5 to 40 m thick and encased in muddy floodplain deposits. The individual channel‐belt storeys are 5 to 9 m thick and their transverse sections show lateral‐accretion bed packages representing point bars. Point bars in longitudinal sections are recognizable as broad mounds whose parts with downstream‐inclined, subhorizontal and upstream‐inclined bedding represent, respectively, the bar downstream, central and upstream parts. The inter‐bar channel thalweg is recognizable as the transition zone between adjacent point‐bar bedsets with opposing dip directions into or out of the outcrop section. The diverging or converging adjacent thalweg trajectories, or a trajectory migrating in up‐valley direction, indicate point‐bar broadening and hence channel‐bend expansion. A concurrent down‐valley migration of adjacent trajectories indicates channel‐bend translation. Bend rotation is recognizable from the replacement of a depositional riffle by an erosional pool zone or vice versa along the thalweg trajectory. The steepness of the thalweg trajectory reflects the relative rate of channel‐floor aggradation. This study discusses further how the late‐stage foreland tectonics, with its alternating pulses of uplift and subsidence and a progressive narrowing of the basin, has forced aggradation of fluvial channels and caused vertical stacking of meander belts. 相似文献
12.
Formation of point bars through rising and falling flood stages: Evidence from bar morphology,sediment transport and bed shear stress 
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下载免费PDF全文 Flow processes and sediment transport in a channel bend and associated point bar have been studied in modern rivers, theoretical models and physical experiments: however, the relationship between flow process and point‐bar morphology has rarely been explained due to the complex nature of open channel flow. Plan‐view exposures of an ancient point‐bar complex, exposed at the top of the Cretaceous Ferron Sandstone Member of the Mancos Shale Formation, south‐central Utah, allowed reconstruction of bar morphology, sediment transport and bed shear stress, which were used to extrapolate flow processes. Studies of these outcrops show that compound point bars and scroll bars were probably formed during falling and rising flood stages, respectively. A simulation model of plan‐view channel form shows that channel dimensions, such as radius of curvature and sinuosity of the point‐bar complex, range between 205 m and 351 m and 1·04 and 1·22, respectively, throughout the evolution of the channel bend. Variations in strength of the helical flow were interpreted as the main control on facies architecture and bar morphology. Strong helical flow was related to the deposition of the scroll bars, while strength of helical flow is decreased for compound bars. The use of cross‐beds as a common palaeocurrent indicator was found to be inconsistent with mean flow directions and channel margin orientation. 相似文献
13.
曲流串沟型江心洲是现代河流水利学研究关注的重要河流要素,不同于曲流河点坝和辫状河心滩,但在油气储层沉积学研究中鲜有关注。选取现代松花江典型河段,开展基于水动力学的沉积数值模拟,恢复曲流串沟型江心洲的演化过程,建立了曲流串沟型江心洲演化模式。研究结果表明:1）洪水期曲流河发生漫滩冲刷,串沟发育扩张,截弯取直,形成分汊河道及江心洲地貌;2）分汊偏移角、相对梯度优势可用于预测短期汊道存在的稳定性;3）串沟型江心洲形成于曲流点坝残余沉积之上,发育洲头侵蚀、洲尾加积、翼部双侧积,但垂向加积主要发育在顶部,不构成沉积主体结构。通过上述研究建立了曲流江心洲沉积模式,揭示了曲流河江心洲内部结构及分汊河道水动力特征,对现代河流治理和地下河流沉积储层刻画有指导意义。 相似文献
14.
The alluvial architecture of a suspended sediment dominated meandering river: the Río Bermejo,Argentina 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Gregory H. Sambrook Smith James L. Best Jessica Z. Leroy Oscar Orfeo 《Sedimentology》2016,63(5):1187-1208
The alluvial architecture of fine‐grained (silt‐bed) meandering rivers remains poorly understood in comparison to the extensive study given to sand‐bed and gravel‐bed channels. This paucity of knowledge stems, in part, from the difficulty of studying such modern rivers and deriving analogue information from which to inform facies models for ancient sediments. This paper employs a new technique, the parametric echosounder, to quantify the subsurface structure of the Río Bermejo, Argentina, which is a predominantly silt‐bed river with a large suspended sediment load. These results show that the parametric echosounder can provide high‐resolution (decimetre) subsurface imaging from fine‐grained rivers that is equivalent to the more commonly used ground‐penetrating radar that has been shown to work well in coarser‐grained rivers. Analysis of the data reveals that the alluvial architecture of the Río Bermejo is characterized by large‐scale inclined heterolithic stratification generated by point‐bar evolution, and associated large‐scale scour surfaces that result from channel migration. The small‐scale and medium‐scale structure of the sedimentary architecture is generated by vertical accretion deposits, bed sets associated with small bars, dunes and climbing ripples and the cut and fill from small cross‐bar channels. This style of alluvial architecture is very different from other modern fine‐grained rivers reported in the literature that emphasize the presence of oblique accretion. The Río Bermejo differs from these other rivers because it is much more active, with very high rates of bank erosion and channel migration. Modern examples of this type of highly active fine‐grained river have been reported rarely in the literature, although ancient examples are more prevalent and show similarities with the alluvial architecture of the Río Bermejo, which thus represents a useful analogue for their identification and interpretation. Although the full spectrum of the sedimentology of fine‐grained rivers has yet to be revealed, meandering rivers dominated by lateral or oblique accretion probably represent end members of such channels, with the specific style of sedimentation being controlled by grain size and sediment load characteristics. 相似文献
15.
Morphology and evolution of bars in a wandering gravel-bed river; lower Fraser river, British Columbia, Canada 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
STEPHEN P. RICE MICHAEL CHURCH§ COLIN L. WOOLDRIDGE† EDWARD J. HICKIN‡ 《Sedimentology》2009,56(3):709-736
A hierarchical typology for the channels and bars within aggradational wandering gravel-bed rivers is developed from an examination of a 50 km reach of lower Fraser River, British Columbia, Canada. Unit bars, built by stacking of gravelly bedload sheets, are the key dynamic element of the sediment transfer system, linking sediment transport during individual freshets to the creation, development and remoulding of compound bar platforms that have either a lateral or medial style. Primary and secondary unit bars are identified, respectively, as those that deliver sediment to compound bars from the principal channel and those that redistribute sediment across the compound bar via seasonal anabranches and smaller channels. The record of bar accretion evident in ground-penetrating radar sequences is consistent with the long-term development of bar complexes derived from historical aerial photographs. For two compound bars, inter-annual changes associated with individual sediment transport episodes are measured using detailed topographic surveys and longer-term changes are quantified using sediment budgets derived for individual bars from periodic channel surveys. Annual sediment turnover on the bars is comparable with the bed material transfer rate along the channel, indicating that relatively little bed material bypasses the bars. Bar construction and change are accomplished mainly by lateral accretion as the river has limited capacity to raise bed load onto higher surfaces. Styles of accretion and erosion and, therefore, the major bar form morphologies on Fraser River are familiar and consistent with those in gravelly braided channels but the wandering style does exhibit some distinctive features. For example, 65-year histories reveal the potential for long sequences of uninterrupted accretion in relatively stable wandering rivers that are unlikely in braided rivers. 相似文献
16.
ABSTRACT The pattern of lateral accretion on an intertidal point bar is a response to the suspended sediment concentrations to which it is exposed. In summer, high sediment concentrations occur only during shallow (ebb) channel flows; deposition therefore takes place mainly on the point bar toe. In winter, high concentrations obtain at all depths and deposition therefore occurs on the upper point bar slopes. Accretion of the point bar toe is limited by scouring resulting from the high rainfall runoff of winter. High suspended sediment concentrations have little effect, however, if flow velocities are too high to allow deposition. Deposition is dependent on the non-uniformity of curved channel flow and is often confined to the downstream (ebb-sense) portion of the point bar. The lateral accretion deposits form a series of wedge-shaped units. Each unit represents one year's deposition, bounded by erosion scarps produced during successive winters. The base of the point bar deposit shows a gradual aggradation, keeping pace with the build-up of the adjacent interchannel flats. 相似文献
17.
安哥拉深水水道地质知识库建立及应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用浅层(上新统)三维高频地震资料的剖面、切片和属性信息,对安哥拉陆坡区深水水道特征和定量关系进行研究,在复合水道和单一水道两个层次上建立了安哥拉地区浊积水道定量化地质知识库.研究结果表明:研究区单一水道活动方式类似于曲流河点坝模式,即单一水道仅沿侧向(垂直于古流向)整体迁移,不存在整体“下游扫动”分量,且在平面上其侧积复合体呈“同心半环状”,单一水道的砂体以垂向加积方式充填在轴部,厚度向边部减薄;单一水道的宽度与深度、弯曲弧长与弯曲度之间存在较好的正相关性;复合水道样式按照内部单一水道的活动方式分为(Ⅰ)侧向迁移、(Ⅱ)斜列迁移和(Ⅲ)摆动迁移三类模式,且(Ⅰ)类主要发育在高弯曲段(弯曲度>1.3),Ⅱ类和Ⅲ类主要发育在低弯曲段(1<弯曲度≤1.3);该地质知识库成功应用到实际三维地质建模中,具有推广价值.本文研究不仅可以完善深水水道定量分布模式,而且可以有效降低此类油田开发风险,具有理论和实际意义. 相似文献
18.
JOHN S. BRIDGE 《Sedimentology》1975,22(1):3-43
A dynamic mathematical model for simulation of sedimentation in meandering streams is briefly described. This is composed of component mathematical models which are formulated to predict the following aspects of the system for a given physical situation and a single time increment. (1) The characteristics of the plan form of the meander; (2) the movement of the meander in plan, and definition of cross-sections across the meander in which erosion and deposition are considered in detail; (3) the hydraulic properties of the channel in the bend and the erosional and depositional activity within the channel as defined in specific cross-sections; (4) the nature and occurrence of cut-off; (5) a relative measure of the discharge during a seasonal high water period, which is used in (3) and (4); (6) aggradation. The model, in the form of a FORTRAN IV computer program, has been used to simulate various aspects of sedimentation in meandering streams by performing a set of experiments with the program under different input conditions. The geometry of simulated point bar sediments, as controlled by channel migration over floodplains with variable sediment type, agrees broadly with the natural situation, however extensive sheets of point bar sediment cannot be simulated because large scale meander-belt movements are not accounted for. In the simulated sediments, successive surfaces of the point bar before falling stage deposition (lateral and vertical) may be picked out, and these delineate the epsilon cross-stratification of Allen (1963b). The epsilon unit thickness is that measured from bankfull stage down to the lowest channel position existing prior to deposition. The model records the characteristic fining upwards of grain sizes in the point bar, and the systematic distribution of sedimentary structures. Channel migration combined with seasonal scouring and filling across the channel section produces a characteristic relief in the basal scoured surfaces and facies boundaries (as defined by variation in grain size and sedimentary structure). A related lensing and inter-fingering of the facies may also be present. The model also records large-scale lateral changes in grain size and sedimentary structure associated with changes in the shape of developing meanders. When channel migration is combined with a constant aggradation rate the model predicts a general slope (relative to the land surface) of facies boundaries and scoured basal surfaces upward in the direction of channel movement. If aggradation sufficiently increases the thickness of fine-grained overbank material, there is a channel stabilization effect. It is shown that a complete sequence of point bar sediments capped by overbank sediments would rarely be preserved in the moving-phase situation. Such preservation only becomes likely when an aggrading section lies out of range of an eroding channel for a considerably longer time span than it takes a meander to move one half-wavelength downvalley. Deep channel scours have a higher preservation potential than contemporary shallower ones. Where appropriate field data exist the model can be used in the more accurate recognition of ancient fluviatile sediments. Inferences may be made about the erosion-deposition processes operating in the ancient channel system, and the geometry and hydraulics of the system can be alluded to. A representative application of the model to the quantitative interpretation of an ancient point bar deposit is illustrated. There is reasonable agreement between the natural and the simulated deposits, and a broad quantitative picture of the palaeoenvironment of sedimentation is obtained. 相似文献
19.
Reconstructing fluvial bar surfaces from compound cross‐strata and the interpretation of bar accretion direction in large river deposits 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Renato P. Almeida Bernardo T. Freitas Bruno B. Turra Felipe T. Figueiredo André Marconato Liliane Janikian 《Sedimentology》2016,63(3):609-628
The interpretation of fluvial styles from the rock record is based for a significant part on the identification of different types of fluvial bars, characterized by the geometric relationship between structures indicative of palaeocurrent and surfaces interpreted as indicative of bar form and bar accretion direction. These surfaces of bar accretion are the boundaries of flood‐related bar increment elements, which are typically less abundant in outcrops than what would be desirable, particularly in large river deposits in which each flood mobilizes large volumes of sediment, causing flood‐increment boundary surfaces to be widely spaced. Cross‐strata set boundaries, on the other hand, are abundant and indirectly reflect the process of unit bar accretion, inclined due to the combined effect of the unit bar surface inclination and the individual bedform climbing angle, in turn controlled by changes in flow structure caused by local bar‐scale morphology. This work presents a new method to deduce the geometry of unit bar surfaces from measured pairs of cross‐strata and cross‐strata set boundaries. The method can be used in the absence of abundant flood‐increment bounding surfaces; the study of real cases shows that, for both downstream and laterally accreting bars, the reconstructed planes are very similar to measured bar increment surfaces. 相似文献
20.
点坝是曲流河单砂体沉积单元中最重要的储集砂体,其内部侧积层是控制剩余油分布的主要因素。以港东油田二区五先导试验块为例,综合运用测井、岩心、密井网、水平井等资料,对点坝内部构型进行解剖,定量认识试验区侧积层厚度为0.2~0.3 m、倾角3.5°,侧积体规模、期次、大小不一。分级次嵌套式二次加密建立构型级别精细三维地质模型,并开展了精细油藏数值模拟研究,同时结合测井、岩心、分析化验等资料,认为剩余油主要分布在砂体顶部和侧积层附近。应用地质-建模-数模一体化研究成果,指导方案部署与现场实施,取得了较好效果,为点坝内部构型精细研究提供了一套新的思路与方法。 相似文献