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Sheida Jalili Sajad Ahmad Hamidi Saeed Morid Reza Namdar Ghanbari 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2016,9(14):644
Recent decline in Lake Urmia water level makes it crucial to consider this issue more seriously. For this purpose, comparison of water level in Lake Urmia with Lake Van in Turkey, which is in relatively similar geographic and climate conditions, can be an effective approach. To follow this objective, trend analysis, regime shift, and coherency analyses are implemented. The results showed negative trend in Lake Urmia water level for the past 20 years, while in Lake Van, the trend is positive. Moreover, correlation of the lake level variations versus the basin rainfall during three common periods, identified by the regime shifts analysis, illustrated a decreasing trend in the correlation. These changes can be attributed to non-climatic factors such as different allocation disciplines in two lake’s catchments. Finally, the coherency analysis showed significant annual and inter-annual frequencies common between the two lake levels. Herein, the short-term period relations are associated with lags, while in long term, they act simultaneously. 相似文献
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可可西里卓乃湖溃决后湖区环境变化及盐湖可能的溃决方式 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
2011年9月卓乃湖溃决后引发的区域沙漠化灾害现象对区域生态环境已经造成了一定影响。同时下游的盐湖在接收洪水后水位持续上涨, 对青藏公路工程走廊内管线工程运行安全造成了重大的威胁。本文根据野外考察资料对卓乃湖的溃决过程和溃决后的影响进行了简要分析, 并对下游盐湖可能的溃决方式进行了分析。卓乃湖的溃决是由于湖区降水增多导致湖水外溢, 冲垮湖堤造成的。卓乃湖溃决后出露湖底成为沙尘暴的策源地, 出露湖底和周边草场形成了大面积的沙漠化区域。随着卓乃湖湖水不断排出, 洪水对出水口和下游河道进行着持续的冲蚀作用, 一方面导致湖底出露面积进一步扩大, 湖区沙漠化现象加剧, 另一方面导致下游河道侵蚀加深加宽, 对区域地形破坏进一步加强。对比卓乃湖区地形条件和水平衡特征, 盐湖的溃决方式将与卓乃湖类似, 洪水对下游的破坏作用要大于库赛湖区和海丁诺尔湖区。由于盐湖每年可排出的水量大于卓乃湖区, 当盐湖溃决后, 后期洪水对河道的冲蚀作用要大于卓乃湖区。 相似文献
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A hydrological perspective to the recent sedimentary analysis conducted at Lake Yoa (Ounianga region, NE Chad) is proposed. The complex hydrological and hydrogeological situation alters the climatic stress. The potential paleo-water network and lake levels have been computed based on SRTM elevation information and ArcGis software. Results show that Lake Yoa is situated in a favorable location, and in addition to continuous input from the Nubian Sandstone Aquifer System (NSAS), it could benefit from river input from distant recharge areas, including the Tibesti Mountains and a large catchment area in the Erdis. Water budgets for 6000 cal yr BP reconstructed conditions show that the maximum lake level (40 m above its present level) was probably maintained relatively easily by surface and subsurface water. 相似文献
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大尺度流域水文模型一般只模拟河道径流,对河流水深和流速并不关注。在进行河流-地下水相互作用模拟时,河流水深（水位）是一个重要因素,其时空变化及其对河流-地下水水量交换的影响应加以考虑。本文就流域分布式水文模型中河流水深的时空变化计算及其与地下水的实时耦合模拟进行了研究,提出了相应的计算方法,改进了大尺度水文模型WATLAC,并通过V-型流域考题进行了检验。模拟结果显示,模型有效地模拟了V-型流域的河流水深、地下水水位沿河道的时空变化以及河流与地下水的水交换量,揭示了河流-地下水相互作用关系在降雨过程中的变化规律及主控因子。此外就河床糙率对河流水深及河流与地下水间水交换量的影响做了模拟分析,发现河床糙率的改变将影响河流水深,从而进一步影响河流与地下水的水交换量。本文提出的算法较为真实地模拟了河流洪水演进过程及其对河流-地下水相互作用的影响,模型适用于河流-地下水相互作用明显的区域,可作为评估地表-地下水相互影响的有效计算工具。 相似文献
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关于长江中游洪灾问题的思考 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
中国是一个水灾频发的国家 ,长江中游历来就是重灾区。 1998年的长江洪水是 1954年以来最大的一次全流域性洪水 ,高水位持续时间长 ,洪水量大 ,洪水遭遇情况恶劣是这次长江汛期的突出特点 ,由此造成的损失十分严重。导致长江中游洪灾的原因是众多的 ,其中气候异常是最直接的影响因素 ,但过度围湖垦殖与江湖关系失调亦是洪涝灾害日趋严重的一个重要原因。由于自然演变和人类活动的共同作用 ,长江中游河湖环境越来越不利于超额洪水的排泄。江汉湖群、洞庭湖和鄱阳湖面积缩小 ,容积减少 ,对河流水量的调蓄作用大大降低。同时荆江已演变为典型的弯曲河道 ,成为防洪的重点地段。荆江大堤的修建隔断了江湖联系 ,改变了中游河湖关系。所有这些因素都使得中游洪灾日益加重。为了实现区域可持续发展 ,迫切需要建立一套完善的抗洪减灾防御体系。 相似文献
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Devils Lake, a terminal lake in northeast North Dakota (USA), has experienced catastrophic flooding since 1993. From January 31, 1993, to December 31, 2014, lake level rose from 433.62 to 442.44 m, lake area expanded from 179.9 to 653.5 km2, and lake volume increased from 0.70 to 3.80 km3. More than $1 billion ($USD) has been spent in government payments to mitigate direct, primary, tangible flood damages. This paper provides a case study of the hydrological basis of the Devils Lake flood disaster. The unique geomorphic setting, paleoclimatic record, and hydroclimatic conditions of the region are summarized, and a wide range of hydroclimatic data is examined to provide a broad understanding of the physical basis of the flood disaster. The primary cause of the disaster was a transition to a sustained wetter climate that resulted in a dramatic response in basin hydrological variables in 1993. The transition from a long-term dry period to a long-term wet period caused the lake water budget to begin to change from an atmosphere-controlled water budget dominated by precipitation input to an amplifier lake water budget dominated by surface runoff input to the lake. Other important hydrological factors include a nonlinear precipitation–runoff relationship following the long-term drought, fill-spill and fill-merge hydrological behavior that is characteristic of wetland complexes, an increase in the lake area-to-basin area ratio, and the critical role of frozen soils in controlling infiltration and runoff production of spring snowmelt. Engineering works to manage lake volume through two outlets have reduced, but not entirely eliminated, future flood risk.
相似文献8.
C. F. Michael Lewis Brian J. Todd 《Boreas: An International Journal of Quaternary Research》2019,48(1):195-214
An overstepped, concave‐eastward, barrier beach beneath Holocene mud in western Lake Ontario has been delineated by acoustic and seismic reflection profiles and piston cores, and related to Early Lake Ontario (ELO). The average ELO barrier depth below present mean lake level is 77.4 to 80.6 m, or about ?6 to ?2.8 m above present sea level. Trend surface analysis of Champlain Sea (Atlantic Ocean) marine limits defined the contemporaneous marine water surface, and projections of this surface pass ~25 m above the outlet sill of the Lake Ontario basin and extend to the ELO palaeo‐barrier, a unique sand and gravel deposit beneath western Lake Ontario. ELO was connected to the Champlain Sea above the isostatically rising outlet sill for up to three centuries after about 12.8 cal. ka BP, while the glacio‐isostatically depressed St. Lawrence River Valley was inundated by the Atlantic Ocean. During the period of this connection, ELO level was confluent with slowly rising sea level, and the lake constructed a transgressive beach deposit with washover surfaces. ELO remained fresh due to a high flux of meltwater inflow. The marine water level connection stabilized water level in ELO relative to its shore and facilitated shore erosion, sediment supply and barrier construction. Glacio‐isostatic uplift of the outlet sill, faster than sea‐level rise, lifted ELO above the Champlain Sea about 12.5 cal. ka. Shortly after, a hydrological deficit due mainly to a combination of diverted meltwater inflow and dry climate, well known from regional pollen studies, forced the lake into a lowstand. The lowstand stranded the barrier, which remains as evidence of sea level, the farthest inland in eastern North America north of the Gulf of Mexico at the time. The highest palaeo‐washover surface provides a sea‐level index point. 相似文献
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《China Geology》2023,6(2):216-227
Yanhu Lake basin (YHB) is a typical alpine lake on the northeastern Tibetan Plateau (TP). Its continuous expansion in recent years poses serious threats to downstream major projects. As a result, studies of the mechanisms underlying lake expansion are urgently needed. The elasticity method within the Budyko framework was used to calculate the water balance in the Yanhu Lake basin (YHB) and the neighboring Tuotuo River basin (TRB). Results show intensification of hydrological cycles and positive trends in the lake area, river runoff, precipitation, and potential evapotranspiration. Lake expansion was significant between 2001 and 2020 and accelerated between 2015 and 2020. Precipitation increase was the key factor underlying the hydrological changes, followed by glacier meltwater and groundwater. The overflow of Yanhu Lake was inevitable because it was connected to three other lakes and the water balance of all four lakes was positive. The high salinity lake water diverted downstream will greatly impact the water quality of the source area of the Yangtze River and the stability of the permafrost base of the traffic corridor.©2023 China Geology Editorial Office. 相似文献
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气候变暖背景下极端气候对青海祁连山水文水资源的影响 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
利用青海祁连山区极端气候要素和青海湖、哈拉湖及主要河流的水文资料,研究表明：冷夜日数（10%）呈显著减少趋势,暖夜日数（90%）呈显著增加趋势;年大风日数显著减少;年降水量21世纪初增加趋势最为显著并发生突变,降水量增加幅度中西段大于东段;≥ 5 mm、≥ 10 mm、≥ 25 mm年降水日数呈显著增加趋势,进入21世纪后更为明显,而≥ 0.1 mm年降水日数呈减少趋势;年平均大风日数与湖泊水位、河流流量变化呈负相关,大风天气的减少,可以缓解湖面和土壤因蒸发而导致的水分损失,对植被的改善可增加径流的产生,流入湖泊的流量增加;降水量与湖泊水位、河流流量呈正相关,受21世纪降水量增加的影响青海湖水位逐年上升,共上升1.67 m,达到20世纪70年代末的水位,中西部主要河流流量近几年也达到最大值,而东段流量增加不明显;祁连山区≥ 5 mm、≥ 10 mm、≥ 25 mm年平均降水量与湖泊、河流流量变化呈正相关,各量级年降水量对湖泊水位、河流流量的增加贡献显著。 相似文献
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太湖流域降雨与太湖水位关系分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
太湖流域快速城镇化、水利工程建设等人类活动对流域水文过程产生了较大影响。基于1981~2018年太湖流域日降雨、太湖水位实测资料,分析了流域降雨与太湖水位涨幅关系,旨在揭示变化环境下该地区降雨与水位关系的变化特征及可能的驱动因素。研究表明,2000年以来太湖水位抬高趋势明显,但同等时段降雨量条件下对应的太湖水位涨幅有所下降,且降雨量越大,太湖水位涨幅减小的越明显;流域各时段降雨与太湖水位涨幅相关关系约0.9,流域10d雨强每增加50mm,太湖水位涨幅约16cm。该研究成果可为太湖水位的中长期预报,尤其是对入汛前、入梅前等关键时间节点的太湖水位调控、雨洪资源利用等流域管理工作提供参考。 相似文献
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A REVIEW OF THE PALEO-HYDROLOGICAL AND GEOMORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTER OF LAKE NAM CO,SOUTH-CENTRAL TIBET 
下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 The endorheic Lake Nam Co,south Eastern Tibetan Plateau,was selected to investigate the interrelation between drainage basin processes,especially post-glacial glacier decay,and lake level fluctuations.Landforms of the drainage basin are highly influenced by tectonics,superimposed by fluvial and periglacial processes,and locally by glacial and eolian processes.Thus,geomorphological features and hydrological characteristics were compiled for the lake-basin to provide an overview of the landscape character.Data show that during the Last Glacial Maximum melt water from the mountains accumulated fluvial deposits in the foreland.Concurrently,an increase of the lake level occurred which is presently shown by a cliff line all around Nam Co with its base approximately 29m above the present lake level.The Holocene decrease of the lake level is traced by beach ridges.As Nam Co is an endorheic lake post-glacial water loss has to be primarily explained by evaporation and moisture conditions.However,more detailed conclusions on quantitative and chronological patterns of both factors,melt-water input and evaporation output,still remain to be drawn. 相似文献
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水深作为重要的湖泊水文因子,对湖泊水动力过程、化学过程和生态过程具有重要的影响。通过对1993-2002年太湖水深水质实测资料的回归分析,建立了太湖7个分区的水深与总氮、总磷、叶绿素a浓度的回归方程。结果表明,叶绿素a浓度对水深变化的响应并不显著。一般情况下,水深变化对营养盐浓度的影响不显著,但在特定的湖区,如梅梁湾,水深变化对营养盐浓度的影响显著。鉴于水深变化可以对太湖局部区域的水环境具有显著的影响,因此存在通过太湖流域水利工程的联合运行,人为调控特定湖区水深,在一定程度上改善水质的可能性。 相似文献
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江湖关系变化是影响洞庭湖水文泥沙环境的重要因素,关系到湖区航运的安全。以实测水文及地形数据为基础,研究了洞庭湖区水沙环境的变化特征,并分析了其对湖区航道的影响。结果表明:① 三峡蓄水后,枯季湖区月均流量趋于减少,湖区淤积减缓甚至出现冲刷,枯水期湖口低水位有所上升,湖面比降趋于降低;② 受来沙减少影响,湖区航道有所冲刷,湖口低水位上升使得湖区通航保证率水位有一定幅度上升,航道水深增加,三峡蓄水初期江湖关系变化对湖区航道的影响总体为积极因素,对湖区湘江航道的影响要大于开湖航道。 相似文献
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A REVIEW OF THE PALEOHYDROLOGICAL AND GEOMORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTER OF LAKE NAM CO|SOUTHCENTRAL TIBET 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 《第四纪研究》2009,29(4):655-664
Department of Earth Sciences,Freie Universität Berlin,Malteserstraße 74－100,12249 Berlin,Germany)
The endorheic Lake Nam Co,south Eastern Tibetan Plateau,was selected to investigate the interrelation between drainage basin processes,especially postglacial glacier decay,and lake level fluctuations. Landforms of the drainage basin are highly influenced by tectonics,superimposed by fluvial and periglacial processes,and locally by glacial and eolian processes. Thus,geomorphological features and hydrological characteristics were compiled for the lakebasin to provide an overview of the landscape character. Data show that during the Last Glacial Maximum melt water from the mountains accumulated fluvial deposits in the foreland. Concurrently,an increase of the lake level occurred which is presently shown by a cliff line all around Nam Co with its base approximately 29m above the present lake level. The Holocene decrease of the lake level is traced by beach ridges. As Nam Co is an endorheic lake postglacial water loss has to be primarily explained by evaporation and moisture conditions. However,more detailed conclusions on quantitative and chronological patterns of both factors,meltwater input and evaporation output,still remain to be drawn. 相似文献
The endorheic Lake Nam Co,south Eastern Tibetan Plateau,was selected to investigate the interrelation between drainage basin processes,especially postglacial glacier decay,and lake level fluctuations. Landforms of the drainage basin are highly influenced by tectonics,superimposed by fluvial and periglacial processes,and locally by glacial and eolian processes. Thus,geomorphological features and hydrological characteristics were compiled for the lakebasin to provide an overview of the landscape character. Data show that during the Last Glacial Maximum melt water from the mountains accumulated fluvial deposits in the foreland. Concurrently,an increase of the lake level occurred which is presently shown by a cliff line all around Nam Co with its base approximately 29m above the present lake level. The Holocene decrease of the lake level is traced by beach ridges. As Nam Co is an endorheic lake postglacial water loss has to be primarily explained by evaporation and moisture conditions. However,more detailed conclusions on quantitative and chronological patterns of both factors,meltwater input and evaporation output,still remain to be drawn. 相似文献
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论成油和成煤的若干基本条件--以云南三个湖泊为例 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文以云南三个湖泊水生生物的数量和质量、沉积环境与有机质的关系、有机质埋藏初期和成岩早期的演化趋势等方面,着重讨论了成油和成煤的基本条件,并联系我国新生代成油成煤的有关条件,提出六点主要认识:1.成油、成煤必须具有构造条件;2.湖泊所处气候带必须适中;3.湖水须属富营养型;4.成煤与成油要求湖水深度不同;5.湖水的氧化还原状况;6.成煤还需没有陆源碎屑物质的补入。 相似文献
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平水期东洞庭湖主要入湖口藻类群落结构特征对环境因子的响应 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了更深入的了解流速、水深等水文条件对湖泊浮游藻类分布特征的影响,选择平水期东洞庭湖为研究对象,研究了该湖泊7个不同断面处的浮游生物群落结构特征、生物量、生物多样性等多方面的内容,并结合湖泊水体环境指标调查,深入分析了环境因子对浮游植物优势种群分布的影响规律。结果表明,就2017年平水期东洞庭湖的调查而言,湖泊水体流速的大小对优势种群的浮游藻类密度影响较大,水体流速越大,优势种的浮游植物密度越小;平水期的东洞庭湖中较小的水量和流速,加上充足的营养,容易导致湖泊水体水质变差;不同的浮游植物优势种群的分布受各种环境因子影响的程度不同。 相似文献
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基于1956-2015年洞庭湖主要控制站实测水文数据,运用Mann-Kendall检验法、主成分分析法对比分析了近60 a来洞庭湖东、南、西三个湖区水位演变特征及其影响因素。结果表明：从调弦口堵口至葛洲坝截流后,南咀和城陵矶站同流量下水位均升高,但南咀站平均水位受三口分流能力减弱而下降（0.03 m）,城陵矶站平均水位受湖盆泥沙淤积和长江干流顶托作用而上升（1.33 m）;三峡水库运行后,湖盆冲淤基本持平,湖泊同流量下水位基本不变,由于该时段长江流域整体为相对枯水期,因而与葛洲坝截流后相比湖泊年平均水位下降约0.31~0.58 m。近60 a来南咀站平均水位呈显著下降趋势（p<0.05）,而城陵矶站水位呈显著上升趋势（p<0.01）,说明湖泊水位影响因素作用存在空间异质性。洞庭湖年内水位存在涨（4-5月）~丰（6-9月）~退（10-11月）~枯（12月-次年3月）的变化特征,葛洲坝运行期丰水期水位上涨明显,三峡运行期各月水位均有下降,受水库调度方式影响7-10月水位降幅最大。洞庭湖流域降水量、四水入湖和出湖径流大小以及长江干流水情是洞庭湖水位变化的主要影响因素,三口来沙变异条件下的洞庭湖冲淤量变化是湖泊水位变化的次要因素。 相似文献