共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 109 毫秒
1.
《亚热带资源与环境学报》2017,(3)
反硝化作用是湿地生态系统实现脱氮功能的最主要过程,对湿地生态系统氮循环及生态环境可产生重要影响。不同类型湿地土壤反硝化速率存在明显差异,湿地土壤反硝化作用的环境影响因子较多且作用方式复杂。目前,针对湿地土壤反硝化作用的测定手段日益丰富,但由于方法本身的缺陷和测定对象的复杂性,一定程度地影响了测定结果的准确性,因此比较分析不同反硝化速率测定方法的优缺点,有利于更好地把握测定方法的适用性。文章比较了不同类型湿地土壤的反硝化速率,探讨了湿地土壤反硝化速率影响因子的作用途径和效应,并对~(1 5)N同位素技术、乙炔抑制法、N_2产生测定法和硝酸盐剩余法等常用测定方法进行比较和探讨,最后总结当前研究的不足并提出了今后应加强研究的方向。 相似文献
2.
为了研究碱湖N2O释放速率及其对盐度与pH的响应,选取内蒙古大克泊碱湖的五个沉积物样点,采用15N同位素标记模拟实验,研究反硝化和厌氧氨氧化的速率、相对比例和气体产生情况,揭示高盐和高pH对碱湖氮移除的影响。发现大克泊湖潜在氮移除速率为0~16.06 n mol N mL-1 h-1,潜在反硝化速率为0~12.62 n mol N mL-1 h-1,潜在厌氧氨氧化速率为0~9.81 n mol N mL-1 h-1;当盐度34.00 g·L-1与pH 10.22时,厌氧氨氧化对氮移除贡献较大,达到43.18%~71.79%。反硝化过程气体产物以N2为主,几乎无N2O气体释出。另外,该区域潜在氮移除速率与pH呈正相关关系,与TOC、NO-3、HCO-3呈负相关关系;未发现氮移除速率与盐度之间的相关关系。因此,在研究的碱湖中,氮移除过程中主要为N2排放,而N2O低于检测水平;氮移除过程的影响因素复杂且不限于最主要的环境变量(盐度与pH)。这些结果为研究湖泊N2O排放提供了数据基础。 相似文献
3.
《湿地科学》2017,(2)
以滇西北碧塔海泥炭沼泽土壤为研究对象,通过野外测量和室内分析相结合的方法,研究牦牛(Bos mutus)践踏和牦牛粪影响下的土壤总有机碳含量、全氮含量和N_2O排放通量。结果表明,牦牛践踏显著抑制了土壤N_2O的排放;牦牛粪的输入促进了土壤N_2O的排放,且牦牛粪分解前期是N_2O排放的高峰期。在0~30 cm深度土层内,牦牛放牧使土壤总有机碳含量增加,牦牛践踏和牦牛粪都促进了土壤总有机碳含量的增加,增加比例分别为39.27%和12.19%;随着土壤深度的增加,粪斑样方土壤总有机碳含量显著减小,践踏样方土壤总有机碳含量略有增加。牦牛放牧使土壤全氮含量增加,牦牛践踏和牦牛粪都促进了土壤全氮含量的增加,增加比例分别为50.56%和12.76%;随着土壤深度的增加,践踏样方和粪斑样方土壤全氮含量都在减小。 相似文献
4.
《湿地科学》2016,(3)
以闽江河口沼泽高潮滩和中潮滩短叶茳芏(Cyperus malaccensis)沼泽土壤为研究对象,通过室内培养,采用乙炔抑制法,研究不同形态和含量5种处理的氮输入对高潮滩和中潮滩土壤反硝化作用的影响。结果表明,铵态氮输入对高潮滩和中潮滩土壤反硝化速率无显著影响,而混合形态氮输入在一定程度上促进了土壤(高潮滩和中潮滩)反硝化速率;高潮滩和中潮滩土壤反硝化对混合形态氮输入响应存在差异,混合氮低氮和高氮处理都较大程度促进了高潮滩土壤反硝化速率,其增加比例分别为378.14%和475.17%,而混合氮低氮处理对中潮滩土壤反硝化速率促进作用较小,增加比例为147.86%,混合氮高氮处理土壤反硝化速率增加比例高达1 349.32%;28 d培养期间,对照处理、铵态氮输入处理和中潮滩混合氮低氮处理下,随着培养时间的延长,土壤反硝化速率略有升高,而混合形态氮输入(除中潮滩混合氮低氮处理外)下降。 相似文献
5.
研究表明亚热带地区森林土壤硝化和反硝化能力都非常低,但却是全球N2O最大的自然源之一,因而推测极有可能存在N2O潜在源未被认识,有迹象表明真菌最有可能是这一潜在源的贡献者,但实际研究证据并不多．为此本研究以中亚热带地区典型常绿阔叶林——武夷山自然保护区米槠天然林土壤为对象,利用室内基质诱导呼吸选择抑制方法,研究在水分60％WHC和温度25℃条件下土壤真菌细菌活性比及其对N2O产生的相对贡献．结果显示真菌和细菌的活性比例分别是0．7±0．3和0．3±0．1,前者显著大于后者（P〈0．05）,真菌与细菌的活性比为2．00±1．00;与对照相比,添加放线菌酮（真菌抑制剂）处理N2O产生速率减少了50．8±11．3％,添加链霉素（细菌抑制剂）处理则减少了43．7±11．8％,前者减少是后者的1．15倍,但差异不显著．研究结果表明该米槠天然林土壤在给定实验条件下真菌活性比细菌的大,但二者对土壤N2O产生的贡献几乎相等．基质诱导呼吸选择抑制方法具有较多的限制条件,若得出可靠结论,还应该利用包括生物化学、分子生物学方法在内的多种方法进行相互验证．同时今后应加强真菌产生N2O途径及机理研究． 相似文献
6.
研究发现,甲硫氨基酸对土壤氮的影响有别于其他氨基酸,为了探究这种影响差异是否与含硫有关,以3种不同pH值土壤:东北黑土(D)、福建红壤(F)、河南碱性土壤(H)为研究对象,设置对照(CK,0 mg·N·kg~(-1))、添加甲硫氨基酸(Met,40 mg·N·kg~(-1))、半胱氨酸(Cys,40 mg·N·kg~(-1))、硫酸钠(S,91 mg·S·kg~(-1))4个处理在室内培养21天,分析各土壤的硝化过程和N_2O排放。结果表明:与CK相比,Met和Cys处理的净氨化速率在土壤D和F显著升高,在H土壤中为负值,S处理变化不明显;Met和Cys处理显著提高了H土壤净硝化速率403.6%和312.0%,显著降低了F土壤146.4%和122.4%,而在S处理变化不明显。可见含硫氨基酸添加促进酸性土壤氨化、抑制硝化作用,但对碱性土壤影响相反。在CK和S处理中,土壤净硝化速率表现为DFH,而在Met和Cys中则表现为HDF,有机硫和无机硫影响不同,在有机硫化合物处理中,净氨化速率和净硝化速率分别与土壤pH值呈负相关和正相关关系。然而在无机硫化合物处理中,净氨化速率与土壤pH值呈正相关关系,pH对净硝化速率没有影响。Met和Cys处理的N_2O产生速率显著升高,S处理与CK差异不明显,说明有机含硫化合物促进了N_2O的释放,尤其是F土壤。由于N_2O是硝化作用的产物,因此,F土壤硝态氮降低可能与硝态氮保持有关,并不是限制了硝化。 相似文献
7.
《资源与生态学报(英文版)》2017,(2)
理解土壤可利用性氮(N)如何与土壤酸化和可利用性磷(P)共同作用影响土壤-大气界面CO_2、CH_4和N_2O气体交换,对于揭示生态系统对氮沉降增加的响应机制尤为重要。本研究在中国亚热带地区混交林中设置了N、P和酸添加实验以理清在N添加下酸和P添加如何影响CO_2、CH_4和N_2O气体交换。结果表明,(1)N添加显著增加了土壤铵态氮和硝态氮,对CO_2释放无影响;(2)N、P、N+P和N+P+酸分别降低了21.1%、15.7%、39.1%、26.6%和28.4%的CH_4;相比于N、P单独添加,NP共同添加降低了CH_4吸收,表明N添加和P添加在抑制CH_4吸收上具有加和效应;(3)N、N+P、N+酸和N+P+酸分别增加了158.6%、176.0%、117.2%和91.8%的N_2O释放;N_2O释放在N+P+酸处理中显著低于N+P处理,与N添加和N+酸添加无显著差异,表明在N添加下,仅P丰富的条件下,酸添加才能够缓解N_2O释放。我们的结果证实,在N和P共同限制的酸性土壤森林生态系统,低P将会抑制N沉降引起的土壤CH_4吸收。低P时,N沉降引起的土壤酸化与其引发的N_2O释放无关。 相似文献
8.
《亚热带资源与环境学报》2015,(3)
δ~(15)N空间垂直分异特征可以有效指示森林生态系统土壤氮保留能力。以中国亚热带典型林分(天然林、格氏栲人工林、杉木人工林、闽粤栲人工林、闽楠人工林)为对象,通过对比其当年生叶片、凋落物及不同深度的土壤氮稳定同位素,研究林分类型对植物、土壤氮稳定同位素的影响及森林生态系统垂直空间氮稳定同位素分异特征,并探讨了不同林分土壤氮保留能力的差异。结果表明:不同林分当年生叶片、凋落物及0~10 cm和10~20 cm土壤δ~(15)N均具有显著差异,其中杉木人工林中这些δ~(15)N值显著高于其他4种林分类型,δ~(15)N在0~40 cm土层随深度的增加而显著增加,40~100 cm各土层δ~(15)N差异均不显著。另外,不同林分叶片~(15)N富集指数(EF)存在显著差异,呈现出杉木人工林的EF值较接近于0的趋势。研究表明,与阔叶人工林相比,杉木人工林由于较高的土壤净硝化速率、硝态氮含量及叶片、凋落物、土壤δ~(15)N值和较接近于0的叶片~(15)N富集指数,其土壤氮保留能力较阔叶人工林和天然林更差。 相似文献
9.
为了研究旁路/离线人工湿地系统在净化水体时的温室气体排放状况及其与环境因子的关系,于2010年7~11月,采用静态箱—气相色谱法,对罗马湖旁路/离线人工湿地系统的3个不同景观结构单元(温榆河龙道河交叉处河岸带S1采样点、龙道河河道S2采样点和罗马东湖湖岸带S3采样点)的CO2、CH4和N2O排放通量进行了同步采样和对比研究,探讨了影响温室气体排放的主要环境因子。研究结果表明,该湿地系统CO2、CH4和N2O的排放通量都有明显的时空变化特征。从空间上看,S1采样点和S2采样点的CO2月平均排放通量较高,分别为73.5 mg/(m2·h)和75.1 mg/(m2·h),与其表层(0~5 cm)沉积物中较高的有机质含量(7.04~29.4 g/kg)有关。S2采样点的CH4月平均排放通量[4.78 mg/(m2·h)]高于S1采样点[1.59 mg/(m2·h)]和S3采样点[1.70 mg/(m2·h)],其与该采样点水体中的氧化还原电位显著负相关(r=-0.779,p0.01)。3个不同景观结构单元的N2O排放通量差异不大[0.022~0.025 mg/(m2·h)];相关性分析结果表明,N2O排放通量与表层沉积物的NO2-—N含量显著正相关(r=0.689,p0.05)。从时间上看,水温是影响旁路/离线人工湿地系统运行时CH4和N2O排放通量的重要环境因子。 相似文献
10.
《湿地科学》2015,(5)
在闽江河口塔礁洲采集土样,在室内设置4个实验组,分别添加盐度为5‰、15‰和25‰的人造海水以及盐度为0‰的去离子水,通过室内淹水厌氧培养实验,研究模拟海水入侵对淡水洲滩土壤潜在反硝化速率的影响。结果表明,培养1 d,盐度为0‰的实验组土壤的潜在反硝化速率最大,其次是盐度为5‰的实验组,盐度为15‰的实验组土壤的潜在反硝化速率更低,盐度为25‰的实验组土壤的潜在反硝化速率最小,盐度为0‰实验组的土壤潜在反硝化速率显著高于其他实验组(p0.05);培养3 d,盐度为25‰的实验组土壤的潜在反硝化速率最大,其次是盐度为5‰的实验组,盐度为15‰的实验组土壤的潜在反硝化速率更低,盐度为0‰的实验组土壤的潜在反硝化速率最小,盐度为0‰实验组的土壤潜在反硝化速率显著低于其他实验组(p0.05);培养3 d以后,各盐度实验组之间的土壤潜在反硝化速率无显著差异(p0.05)。盐度对淡水洲滩土壤潜在反硝化速率的影响可能是短暂的,随着时间的延续,影响可能消失。指数函数模型较好地描述了4个盐度实验组的土壤潜在反硝化速率与培养时间的关系;除盐度为0‰的实验组,其他盐度实验组的洲滩土壤反硝化活性都随时间的推移而增强;洲滩土壤有较好的潜在脱氮效率,整个培养期以盐度15‰实验组潜在脱氮效率最大,潜在脱氮总量为(436.54±45.04)mg/kg,潜在脱氮效率为(87.31±9.01)%。 相似文献
11.
12.
中国东部南北样带森林生态系统WUE和NUE空间格局及驱动因子(英文) 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
From July 2008 to August 2008, 72 leaf samples from 22 species and 81 soil samples in the nine natural forest ecosystems were collected, from north to south along the North-South Transect of Eastern China (NSTEC). Based on these samples, we studied the geographical distribution patterns of vegetable water use efficiency (WUE) and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE), and analyzed their relationship with environmental factors. The vegetable WUE and NUE were calculated through the measurement of foliar δ 13C and C/N of predominant species, respectively. The results showed: (1) vegetable WUE, ranging from 2.13 to 28.67 mg C g-1 H2O, increased linearly from south to north in the representative forest ecosystems along the NSTEC, while vegetable NUE showed an opposite trend, increasing from north to south, ranging from 12.92 to 29.60 g C g-1 N. (2) Vegetable WUE and NUE were dominantly driven by climate and significantly affected by soil nutrient factors. Based on multiple stepwise regression analysis, mean annual temperature, soil phosphorus concentration, and soil nitrogen concentration were responding for 75.5% of the variations of WUE (p<0.001). While, mean annual precipitation and soil phosphorus concentration could explain 65.7% of the change in vegetable NUE (p<0.001). Moreover, vegetable WUE and NUE would also be seriously influenced by atmospheric nitrogen deposition in nitrogen saturated ecosystems. (3) There was a significant trade-off relationship between vegetable WUE and NUE in the typical forest ecosystems along the NSTEC (p<0.001), indicating a balanced strategy for vegetation in resource utilization in natural forest ecosystems along the NSTEC. This study suggests that global change would impact the resource use efficiency of forest ecosystems. However, vegetation could adapt to those changes by increasing the use efficiency of shortage resource while decreasing the relatively ample one. But extreme impacts, such as heavy nitrogen deposition, would break this trade-off mechanism and give a dramatic disturbance to the ecosystem biogeochemical cycle. 相似文献
13.
半干旱生态系统土壤呼吸(Rs)对氮添加的响应机制仍有待探索。本研究在中国半干旱草原设置不同氮添加水平(0、2、4、8、16、32 gN m-2 yr-1),测定土壤呼吸速率、土壤温湿度、微生物磷脂脂肪酸、土壤理化性质与地上生物量等指标,探讨氮添加对土壤呼吸及其温度敏感性(Q10)的影响。结果表明:氮添加显著增加了土壤可溶性有机碳(DOC)和无机氮(IN)的含量,降低了土壤pH值,对地上生物量(ABM)无显著影响。氮添加降低了磷脂脂肪酸(PLFAs)的总量,降低了真菌细菌比(F:B),提高了革兰氏阳性阴性菌比(G+:G–)。氮添加显著降低了土壤呼吸,N2、N4、N8、N16和N32处理下的土壤呼吸分别比对照N0变化了–2.58%、14.86%、22.62%、23.97%和19.87%,结构方程模型表明,氮添加通过降低PLFAs总量和改变微生物组成降低土壤呼吸。氮添加对温度敏感性(Q10)、土壤总有机碳(TOC)和总氮(TN)的影响均不显著,表明氮添加减轻了土壤碳的损失,且不会改变全球变暖背景下土壤有机碳矿化的潜力。 相似文献
14.
Land-use and soil management affects soil organic carbon （SOC） pools, nitrogen, salinity and the depth distribution. The objective of this study was to estimate land-use effects on the distribution of SOC, labile fractions C, nitrogen （N） and salinity in saline-alkaline wetlands in the middle reaches of the Heihe River Basin. Three land-use types were selected： intact saline-alkaline meadow wetland, artificial shrubbery （planting Tamarix） and farmland （cultivated for 18 years） of soils previously under meadow wetland. SOC, easily oxidized carbon, microbial biomass carbon, total N, NO3--N and salinity concentrations were measured. The results show that SOC and labile fraction carbon contents decreased significantly with increasing soil depth in the three land-use wetlands. The labile fraction carbon contents in the topsoil （0-20cm） in cultivated soils were significantly higher than that in intact meadow wetland and artificial shrubbery soil. The aboveground biomass and soil permeability were the primary influencing factors on the contents of SOC and the labile carbon in the intact meadow wetland and artificial shrubbery soil, however, the farming practice was a factor in cultivated soil. Agricultural measures can effectively reduce the salinity contents; however, it caused a significant increase of NO 3--N concentrations which posed a threat to groundwater quality in the study area. 相似文献
15.
草原土壤的碳氮含量及其与温室气体通量的相关性 总被引：61，自引：0，他引：61
通过采样分析研究内蒙古锡林流域温带草原土壤有机碳及全N的含量特征,探讨它们的含量与温室气体CO2、N2O、CH4通量的相关性。结果表明：沿470－150mm年降水梯度线，土壤表层（0－20cm）有机碳含量从2．38％递减到1．23％，全N含量从0．218％递减到0．136％，而且放牧和开垦都有使有机碳及全N含量降低的趋势；CO2通量与有机碳含量、全N含量、C／N及N2O通量显著相关，N2O通量与有机碳含量、C／N及CO2通量显著相关，且CO2和N2O的通量都有沿降水梯度递减的趋势；CH4通量与有机碳含量、全N含量、C／N、CO2通量及N2O通量都没有显著相关性。 相似文献
16.
Chin Yik Lin Mohd. Harun Abdullah Baba Musta Sarva Mangala Praveena Ahmad Zaharin Aris 《Natural Resources Research》2011,20(1):45-56
A total of 20 soil samples were collected from 10 boreholes constructed in the low lying area, which included ancillary samples
taken from the high elevation area. Redox processes were investigated in the soil as well as groundwater in the shallow groundwater
aquifer of Manukan Island, Sabah, Malaysia. Groundwater samples (n = 10) from each boreholes were also collected in the low lying area to understand the concentrations and behaviors of Fe
and Mn in the dissolved state. This study strives to obtain a general understanding of the stability behaviors on Fe and Mn
at the upper unsaturated and the lower-saturated soil horizons in the low lying area of Manukan Island as these elements usually
play a major role in the redox chemistry of the shallow groundwater. Thermodynamic calculations using PHREEQC showed that
the groundwater samples in the study area are oversaturated with respect to goethite, hematite, Fe(OH)3 and undersaturated with respect to manganite and pyrochroite. Low concentrations of Fe and Mn in the groundwater might be
probably due to the lack of minerals of iron and manganese oxides, which exist in the sandy aquifer. In fact, high organic
matters that present in the unsaturated horizon are believed to be responsible for the high Mn content in the soil. It was
observed that the soil samples collected from high elevation area (BK) comprises considerable amount of Fe in both unsaturated (6675.87 mg/kg) and saturated horizons (31440.49 mg/kg) compared
to the low Fe content in the low lying area. Based on the stability diagram, the groundwater composition lies within the stability
field for Mn2+ and Fe2+ under suboxic condition and very close to the FeS/Fe2+ stability boundary. This study also shows that both pH and Eh values comprise a strong negative value thus suggesting that
the redox potential is inversely dependent on the changes of pH. 相似文献
17.
High N2O emissions have been observed in semi-arid grasslands, especially during freeze/thaw periods, when denitrification might be the main process of N2O production. However, there have been few denitrification studies in semi-arid grassland. This study was designed to determine the denitrification potential of four representative land cover types (typical steppe, meadow steppe, marshland, arid steppe) in two grasslands in Inner Mongolia, China. We found that soils from different land cover types exhibited significantly different denitrification potentials, with highest rates in marshland and lowest rates in arid steppe. Denitrification potentials were maximal in the upper layer and generally decreased with depth for all soils. Soil water content, soil carbon and nitrogen availability, and C/N ratio were found to be significantly correlated with denitrification potentials in all soils. Addition of glucose or/and nitrate significantly increased denitrification activities throughout the profile for all soils, suggesting that both bioavailable carbon and nitrogen were limiting factors of denitrification in these grasslands soils. However, further field studies are needed to translate the denitrification potentials determined in laboratory measurements to denitrification rates under field conditions. 相似文献
18.
湿地生态系统碳通量研究进展 总被引：8，自引：1，他引：7
湿地碳循环在全球气候变化中起着重要作用,而湿地碳通量研究是湿地碳循环研究的关键问题。由于湿地独特的土壤、植被以及水文过程,使得湿地碳通量有别于其他类型的生态系统。湿地温室气体特别是CO2和CH2的释放水平具有明显的时空变化特征,其通量变化与许多外部因素相关,包括土壤状况、水文条件、植被类型、外源氮等。对近年来湿地生态系统碳汇功能变化以及影响碳通量相关因子的研究成果进行了系统的分析和综述。现有的研究表明,土壤状况对湿地碳通量影响较复杂,在一定范围内,表层土壤温度与气体排放密切相关,甚至呈正相关关系;土地利用／覆盖也影响湿地碳通量变化,导致湿地温室气体排放增加;水文条件特别是水位高度对湿地CO2和CH2排放的影响不同,高水位不利于CO2排出,CH2则与之相反;植被对湿地碳排放也起到正、负两方面作用,并且物种各异。还讨论了湿地碳通量研究进展的瓶颈问题,特别对植被演替较快的潮滩湿地碳通量研究做了展望。 相似文献