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1.
基于时空窗口改进的时空加权回归分析——以湖北省黄石市住房价格为例 总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0
针对地理加权回归(GWR)模型不能有效处理样本数据空间自相关性这一问题,构造局部时空窗口统计量,尝试改进时空加权回归(GTWR)模型。定义多时空窗口的概念,给出其选取、计算和验证方法;计算时空窗口包含的各样本点的被解释变量平均值,与样本拟合点的被解释变量值的比值,作为新的解释变量,构建改进的时空加权回归(IGTWR)模型。以土地稀缺、多中心、资源型城市——湖北省黄石市为例,收集2007~2012年商品住宅成交价格1.93万个数据和398个楼栋样本点,选取小区等级、绿化率、楼栋总层数、容积率、距区域中心距离和销售年份6个解释变量,分别利用常规线性回归(OLS)、GWR、GTWR和IGTWR方法进行回归分析。模型结果表明：计算Moran’s I指数和分析时间序列的自相关性,能确定时空窗口的大小和数量的选取;IGTWR模型和各变量的回归统计均通过0.05的显著性水平检验,有关解释变量的系数估计值在空间分布上能合理解释;GWR拟合结果优于OLS,GTWR优于GWR,而IGTWR拟合精度最好。与GTWR模型分析相比, IGTWR模型R2从0.877提升到0.919,而AICc、残差方(RSS)和均方差(MSE)分别从6 226、49 996 201和354.427下降到6 206、32 327 472和284.969。案例研究表明：IGTWR能够表达一定时空范围的时空自相关特征,减小了估计误差,提高了回归拟合精度。 相似文献
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Bo Huang Bo Wu Michael Barry 《International journal of geographical information science》2013,27(3):383-401
By incorporating temporal effects into the geographically weighted regression (GWR) model, an extended GWR model, geographically and temporally weighted regression (GTWR), has been developed to deal with both spatial and temporal nonstationarity simultaneously in real estate market data. Unlike the standard GWR model, GTWR integrates both temporal and spatial information in the weighting matrices to capture spatial and temporal heterogeneity. The GTWR design embodies a local weighting scheme wherein GWR and temporally weighted regression (TWR) become special cases of GTWR. In order to test its improved performance, GTWR was compared with global ordinary least squares, TWR, and GWR in terms of goodness-of-fit and other statistical measures using a case study of residential housing sales in the city of Calgary, Canada, from 2002 to 2004. The results showed that there were substantial benefits in modeling both spatial and temporal nonstationarity simultaneously. In the test sample, the TWR, GWR, and GTWR models, respectively, reduced absolute errors by 3.5%, 31.5%, and 46.4% relative to a global ordinary least squares model. More impressively, the GTWR model demonstrated a better goodness-of-fit (0.9282) than the TWR model (0.7794) and the GWR model (0.8897). McNamara's test supported the hypothesis that the improvements made by GTWR over the TWR and GWR models are statistically significant for the sample data. 相似文献
4.
The purpose of this paper is to explore the trade-offs and synergies of multifunctional cultivated land (MCL) at multiple scales. The study area is Wuhan Metropolitan Area, China. The entropy method and the method of Spearman's rank correlation were employed for the analysis of combined land use/cover data, administrative division data, population data and statistical yearbook data, from the multi-scale perspectives of cities, counties and townships. The results showed that: (1) The multi-functionality of cultivated land had obvious spatial differences and its overall spatial patterns were relatively robust, which did not change very much at the single scale. (2) At each single scale, the MCL's trade-offs and synergies had spatial heterogeneity. (3) Scale effects existed in the MCL's trade-offs and synergies. From the prefecture-level city scale, to the county scale, and to the township scale, the MCL's trade-offs were changed to synergies, and some synergic relationships were enhanced. This article contributes to the literature by deepening the multiscale analysis of trade-offs and synergies of multifunctional cultivated land. The conclusions might provide a basis for helping policy-makers to implement protection measures for the multi-functionality of cultivated land at the right spatial scale, and to promote the higher-level synergies of multifunctional cultivated land to realize its sustainable use. 相似文献
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基于重心-GTWR模型的京津冀城市群城镇扩展格局与驱动力多维解析 总被引：9，自引：3，他引：6
城镇用地扩展格局及驱动力研究对城市群发展规划与决策具有重要意义。以京津冀地区为例,基于城镇用地扩展强度指数、城镇用地扩展差异指数、分形维数、土地城镇化率和重心转移模型,多维解析了城市群城镇用地扩展格局特征,并耦合重心转移模型和时空地理加权回归（GTWR）模型构建重心-GTWR模型,在对空间格局进行长时间序列多维度指标分析的基础上,运用该模型依序对其特征进行驱动力解读,进而总结凝练京津冀区域发展的主导模式与城市核心驱动力。主要结论为：① 1990-2015年,京津冀城市群城镇用地扩展强度呈现“下降-上升-下降”的趋势,高峰时期在2005-2010年,在2005年之前高速发展城市集中在北京、天津、保定和廊坊,2005年之后集中在邢台和邯郸;② 城市群城镇用地重心虽呈现出发散态势,但城市之间的局部相互作用力逐渐增强,城镇用地扩展驱动力表现出空间溢出特征;③ 京津冀城市群空间发展模式由以北京和天津为中心的双核发展模式向多核发展模式转变,并出现北部资源运输核心、中部经济发展核心和南部投资发展核心三大功能核心组团,城市群趋向于多核功能协同发展模式;④ 重心-GTWR模型结合了时空非平稳性和城市空间相互作用,将城市群城镇用地扩展作为一个时空变化系统进行分析,经验证,该模型在城镇用地扩展格局驱动力分析研究中具有可行性。 相似文献
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建成环境对城市活力影响的时空异质性研究：基于大数据的分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
城市地理与城乡规划一直关注建成环境对城市活力的影响,但鲜有研究揭示该影响的时空异质性。城市活力表现为居民在实体空间上的分布及其活动,并呈现时间动态变化特征。通过采集广州市中心城区新浪微博签到数据以及建成环境大数据,在1 km×1 km方格网、2 h时间段的时空单元上可视化城市活力的时空动态变化特征,基于时空地理加权回归模型 (GTWR) 揭示区位、功能混合度与密度对城市活力影响的时空异质性,并对比工作日与双休日的差异。研究发现：① 广州中心城区城市活力呈现东西带状的“多节点”空间格局,在24 h内经历“分散-集聚-进一步集聚-分散”的时空动态变化。② 区位、功能混合度与密度对城市活力的边际效应表现出空间和时间双重维度的不稳定性。③ 由于居民活动的时空约束不同,城市活力时空特征及其建成环境影响在工作日与双休日存在差异。 相似文献
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城市地表温度与NDVI空间相关性的尺度效应 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
城市地表温度与NDVI的空间相关性已被广泛研究,但是其尺度效应常常被忽略,给研究结果带来不确定性。本文以郑州市为例,基于四幅Landsat8影像,经辐射传导法反演地表温度(LST),运用半变异函数识别地表温度的空间相关性分析尺度,并结合空间相关指数Moran's I,从多尺度、多季节、多邻接范围3个方面对地表温度与植被覆盖的空间相关性的尺度效应进行了探讨,结果表明：①LST和NDVI的单变量空间自相关和双变量空间相关尺度均在300 m左右;②300 m相关尺度内,单变量空间自相关性存在显著尺度效应,相比之下双变量空间相关性尺度效应较为微弱;③LST和NDVI的单变量空间自相关性和双变量空间相关性尺度效应均表现出明显的季节差异;④随着邻接范围增大,LST和NDVI的空间自相关性减弱,尺度效应更明显。因此度量LST和NDVI的空间相关性要考虑时空尺度效应,本文研究结果有助于进一步认识LST和NDVI间空间相关性的尺度效应。 相似文献
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V. Valavanis I. Katara A. Palialexis 《International journal of geographical information science》2013,27(3):375-378
Geographic information service (GIService) has become popular in the last decade to develop applications for addressing global challenges. Performance is one of the most important criteria to help users select distributed online GIService for developing geospatial applications including natural hazards and emergency responses. However, performance accuracy is limited by the single-location-based evaluation mechanism while service performance is dynamic in space and time between end-users and services. We propose a spatiotemporal performance evaluation mechanism to improve the accuracy. Specially, a cloud and volunteer computing mechanism is proposed to collect performance information of globally distributed GIServices. A global spatiotemporal performance model is designed to integrate spatiotemporal dynamics for better performance evaluation for users from different regions at different times. This model is tested to support GIService selection in global spatial data infrastructures (SDIs). The experiment confirms that the proposed model provides more accurate evaluations for global users and better supports geospatial resource utilizations in SDIs than previous mechanisms. The methodology can be adopted to improve the services of other regional and global distributed operational systems. 相似文献
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Ick-Hoi Kim Chen-Chieh Feng Yi-Chen Wang Brian H. Spitzberg Ming-Hsiang Tsou 《The Professional geographer》2017,69(4):629-643
The 2015 Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) outbreak in South Korea gave rise to chaos caused by psychological anxiety, and it has been assumed that people shared rumors about hospital lists through social media. Sharing rumors is a common form of public perception and risk communication among individuals during an outbreak. Social media analysis offers an important window into the spatiotemporal patterns of public perception and risk communication about disease outbreaks. Such processes of socially mediated risk communication are a process of meme diffusion. This article aims to investigate the role of social media meme diffusion and its spatiotemporal patterns in public perception and risk communication. To do so, we applied analytical methods including the daily number of tweets for metropolitan cities and geovisualization with the weighted mean centers. The spatiotemporal patterns shown by Twitter users' interests in specific places, triggered by real space events, demonstrate the spatial interactions among places in public perception and risk communication. Public perception and risk communication about places are relevant to both social networks and spatial proximity to where Twitter users live and are interpreted in reference to both Zipf's law and Tobler's law. 相似文献
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Adam Lukasiewicz 《The Professional geographer》2013,65(4):546-548
This article addresses the issue of linking temporal and spatial information into a GIS database structure to investigate the land-use changes in a rural-urban region over a thirty-five-year period. More specifically, it describes the application of a programming package developed to build temporal topology in an historical land-use GIS database to efficiently perform spatiotemporal queries. The program was created within the MapInfo environment using MapBasic language. Different types of information, such as the rate of change, the relationship between the change of land use and zoning regulations, and land-use succession were extracted from the database. A user-friendly interface was also developed to easily address spatiotemporal queries to the database. This approach represents a flexible and performing tool for scientists and planners who need to efficiently capture essential spatiotemporal information required for geographical inquiry and decision-making. 相似文献
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Jonathan Corcoran Gary Higgs Chris Brunsdon Andrew Ware 《The Professional geographer》2007,59(4):521-536
This article reports on the results from a spatiotemporal analysis of disaggregate fire incident data. The innovative analysis presented here focuses on the exploration of spatial and temporal patterns for four principal fire incident categories: property, vehicle, secondary fires, and malicious false alarms. This research extends previous work on spatial exploration of spatiotemporal patterns by demonstrating the benefits of comaps and kernel density estimation in examining temporal and spatiotemporal dynamics in calls for services. Results indicate that fire incidents are not static in either time or space and that spatiotemporal variation is related to incident type. The application of these techniques has the potential to inform policy decisions both from a reactive, resource‐allocation perspective and from a more proactive perspective, such as through spatial targeting of preventive measures. 相似文献
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现代人文地理学的研究越来越多地关注人的时空行为,而获取个体在出行活动中的时空位置数据是研究人类时空行为的前提。受数据获取技术的限制,之前对时空行为的研究主要集中在室外空间。随着室内定位技术的出现和应用,这类研究由室外空间扩展至室内空间。室内定位技术和方法较多,但从数据的角度来看,根据数据获取中使用定位方法的不同,可将室内定位数据分为几何位置数据、指纹位置数据和符号位置数据3类。目前,基于室内定位数据的研究可以归结为以下4个方面,即：人在室内的时空分布、人在室内的移动模式、人在室内的行为习惯及属性推断、人与室内环境的交互作用。然而,总体上目前的研究还处于探索阶段,理论和方法体系尚未成熟。本文认为后续的研究中需要关注以下问题：①数据获取方面。相对于蓝牙、射频识别、红外等定位技术,“智能手机+WiFi”模式的定位系统具有覆盖范围广、成本低廉、无需专门设备支持、易与用户交互等优势,是一种最具应用前景的室内定位技术;②研究内容方面。时空行为特征的研究是基础,个体属性推断及个体与环境的相互作用形式和机理研究将是重点,多时空尺度数据融合分析是一种趋势;③科学伦理方面。室内定位涉及微观尺度人类活动的记录,隐私保护问题需要高度关注。 相似文献
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Danielle J. Marceau Luc Guindon Mireille Bruel Claude Marois 《The Professional geographer》2001,53(4):546-558
This article addresses the issue of linking temporal and spatial information into a GIS database structure to investigate the land‐use changes in a rural‐urban region over a thirty‐five‐year period. More specifically, it describes the application of a programming package developed to build temporal topology in an historical land‐use GIS database to efficiently perform spatiotemporal queries. The program was created within the MapInfo environment using MapBasic language. Different types of information, such as the rate of change, the relationship between the change of land use and zoning regulations, and land‐use succession were extracted from the database. A user‐friendly interface was also developed to easily address spatiotemporal queries to the database. This approach represents a flexible and performing tool for scientists and planners who need to efficiently capture essential spatiotemporal information required for geographical inquiry and decision‐making. 相似文献
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Jing Gao James E. Burt A-Xing Zhu 《International journal of geographical information science》2013,27(10):1959-1978
Raster-based slope estimation is routine in GIS. Like many other terrain attributes, the slope at a location is determined from elevations of surrounding cells. This spatial extent – ‘neighborhood size’ – is often treated as the ‘spatial scale’ of the calculation. In fact, neighborhood size and spatial scale are two connected yet different concepts, but few studies have investigated the relationship between them. The distinction is important because neighborhood size is under user control whereas spatial scale is merely implicit in the computational method. This article attempts to clarify and provide a more precise meaning of the two terms by considering slope operators from the standpoint of the frequency (or wavenumber) domain. This article derives analytical expressions for the amplitude response functions of four popular slope estimators. These are used to characterize the individual methods and also to show that the neighborhood size and spatial scale of a slope calculation are not numerically the same. In fact, because there is no single spatial scale that can be unambiguously associated with a given neighborhood size, neighborhood size cannot be an adequate indicator of spatial scale. Furthermore, this article shows that different indices of ‘scale’ yield different impressions about the action of a slope estimator and its response to changing neighborhood size. Therefore, it is necessary to examine the amplitude response function when investigating the spatial scale. The article also provides guidance for GIS practitioners when selecting a slope estimation method. 相似文献
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Zhenhong Du Sensen Wu Mei-Po Kwan Chuanrong Zhang Feng Zhang Renyi Liu 《International journal of geographical information science》2018,32(10):1927-1947
Spatiotemporal kriging (STK) is recognized as a fundamental space-time prediction method in geo-statistics. Spatiotemporal regression kriging (STRK), which combines space-time regression with STK of the regression residuals, is widely used in various fields, due to its ability to take into account both the external covariate information and spatiotemporal autocorrelation in the sample data. To handle the spatiotemporal non-stationary relationship in the trend component of STRK, this paper extends conventional STRK to incorporate it with an improved geographically and temporally weighted regression (I-GTWR) model. A new geo-statistical model, named geographically and temporally weighted regression spatiotemporal kriging (GTWR-STK), is proposed based on the decomposition of deterministic trend and stochastic residual components. To assess the efficacy of our method, a case study of chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) prediction in the coastal areas of Zhejiang, China, for the years 2002 to 2015 was carried out. The results show that the presented method generated reliable results that outperform the GTWR, geographically and temporally weighted regression kriging (GTWR-K) and spatiotemporal ordinary kriging (STOK) models. In addition, employing the optimal spatiotemporal distance obtained by I-GTWR calibration to fit the spatiotemporal variograms of residual mapping is confirmed to be feasible, and it considerably simplifies the residual estimation of STK interpolation. 相似文献
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基于2012—2017年全国《中国卫生和计划生育统计年鉴》数据，采用空间自相关分析等方法，刻画中国居民食源性疾病的空间分布格局及其变化，并采用空间滞后面板回归模型（SLM）和时空地理加权模型（GTWR），识别影响食源性疾病空间分布的主要因素及其变化。结果表明：（1）中国食源性疾病分布具有不均衡性，总体趋势为集中分布于南部以及沿海地区，五年间集中区已出现明显的向北移动的趋势；（2）中国食源性疾病事件数具有一定的空间集聚特征，五年间空间集聚下降。高-高类型区主要分布于西南地区，而低-低类型区集中分布于中国北部。2011—2016年，中国食源性疾病变化趋势与空间分布特征类似；（3）空间滞后面板回归模型分析结果表明，食源性疾病事件具有显著的空间溢出效应。人口密度、突发环境事故的增加将使得食源性疾病增加，而政府财政投入、居民教育水平、城镇化、环境质量的提高将使得食源性疾病减少。除居民教育水平外其余变量也均具有显著的空间溢出效应；（4）时空地理加权模型分析结果表明，食源性疾病的影响因素存在空间差异。地区人口密度对食源性疾病的相对压力由东向西加大。政府财政投入对食源性疾病的降低作用由东南部沿海地区向其余地区递减。居民教育水平提高对食源性疾病降低作用由中部向东西逐步加大。城镇化率对食源性疾病降低作用由东南部沿海地区向其余地区递减。环境质量对食源性疾病降低作用由东南部沿海地区向其余地区递增；突发环境事故对食源性疾病的相对压力由中部向东西加大；年平均气温对食源性疾病的相对压力由南向北减小；年平均降雨量对食源性疾病的相对压力由东部沿海地区向西部内陆地区减小。 相似文献
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主观幸福感是目前国内外研究热点,与提升居民生活质量和建设宜居城市密切相关。已有大部分文献侧重单一空间尺度的研究,分析社会经济属性和地理环境要素(包括建成环境、社会环境、环境污染)对主观幸福感的影响;也有部分研究关注居民日常出行属性和活动特征对主观幸福感的作用机制,探讨长期幸福感与短期幸福感的内在关系。论文对上述研究进行较为系统的梳理与评价,综合考虑地理环境、时空行为与主观幸福感的复杂关系,构建主观幸福感的理论研究框架,总结时空行为视角下多尺度、多维度地理环境要素对主观幸福感的影响机制以及作用路径,并探讨主观幸福感的时空动态规律以及微观行为机制,为改善城市人居环境、优化居民行为模式提供科学依据和政策建议。 相似文献
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森林景观模型研究新进展及其应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
森林景观模型(forest landscape models)是基于森林动态机制和干扰作用在景观尺度上模拟和预测森林时空变化特征的计算机模型。该类模型越来越多地用于森林规划、经营管理、生态资源保护与恢复及全球气候变化研究。本文通过对大量文献资料的整理,对森林景观模型的概念、尺度、类型、方法、应用和最新研究进展进行了综述。随着计算机、地理信息系统、遥感等技术的迅猛发展,森林景观模型将会越来越多地与地理信息系统、规划经营管理决策等紧密结合,未来将向服务性决策模型方向发展。 相似文献
20.
This article develops an innovative and flexible Bayesian spatial multilevel model to examine the sociospatial variations in perceived neighborhood satisfaction, using a large-scale household satisfaction survey in Beijing. In particular, we investigate the impact of a variety of housing tenure types on neighborhood satisfaction, controlling for household and individual sociodemographic attributes and geographical contextual effects. The proposed methodology offers a flexible framework for modeling spatially clustered survey data widely used in social science research by explicitly accounting for spatial dependence and heterogeneity effects. The results show that neighborhood satisfaction is influenced by individual, locational, and contextual factors. Homeowners, except those of resettlement housing, tend to be more satisfied with their neighborhood environment than renters. Moreover, the impacts of housing tenure types on satisfaction vary significantly in different neighborhood contexts and spatial locations. 相似文献