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三江平原浓江河湿地生态廊道区及其周边春季鸟类多样性研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
浓江河湿地生态廊道是连接三江平原洪河国家级自然保护区湿地和三江国家级自然保护区湿地的生态廊道.2008年春季,对浓浓江河湿地江湿地生态廊道鸟类资源开展了调查研究.在研究区5种鸟类栖息生境共设立11个调查点,共记录有鸟类14目26科68种,3 220只.浓江河湿地生态廊道鸟类多样性指数(H')较高,生境主要以沼泽湿地为主,不同栖息生境中鸟类多样性指数表现为H'沼泽(1.260 1)>H'水域(1.248 8)>H'居民区(0.903 1)>H'农田(0.872 8)>H'林地(0.871 6);均匀性指数(E)表现为E水域(0.182 3)>E农田(0.164 6)>E林地(0.142 9)>E沼泽(0.110 5)>E居民区(0).维持浓江河湿地生态廊道沼泽和水域的面积对于保护该廊道的功能具有重要意义. 相似文献
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扎龙湿地表层沉积物磷的赋存形态及空间分布特征 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
沉积物中不同形态的磷具有不同的地球化学行为和生物有效性,其含量和分布特征包含着许多环境地球化学信息。该文利用SMT法对扎龙湿地表层沉积物中总磷(TP)及各形态磷进行了分析,探讨其空间分布特征及控制因素。结果表明,扎龙湿地表层沉积物TP含量高,接近于富营养化严重的太湖和巢湖,主要分布于核心区和东北部;无机磷(IP)含量稍高于有机磷(OP),其分布特征都与TP相似。IP中的钙结合态磷(Ca-P)和铁铝结合态磷(Fe/Al-P)空间分布差异性较小,Ca-P含量占IP的59.2%。TP及各形态磷含量受粒度、有机质、pH及溶解氧等环境因子的影响,造成扎龙湿地水体富营养化的污染物质主要来自外源;但随着湿地盐碱化加重、生态环境破坏及植被覆盖度下降,沉积物内源磷的释放将成为扎龙湿地水体富营养化的重要来源,将直接加剧水体富营养化程度,尤其增加核心区水体富营养化的风险。 相似文献
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1954-2005年三江平原沼泽湿地农田化过程研究 总被引：10，自引：2，他引：8
作为中国重要的粮食生产基地和淡水沼泽湿地集中分布区, 三江平原对于保障国家粮食安全和区域生态安全具有举足轻重的地位.由于人类活动的剧烈影响, 1954～2005年期间, 三江平原大面积的沼泽湿地已被农田所替代, 并引发了一系列环境问题.国内以往的相关研究未能深入揭示区域尺度湿地农田化的过程与规律.基于遥感和地理信息系统技术,集成地形图与遥感影像(Landsat MSS,Landsat TM,CBERS)数据,分析了1954～2005年间三江平原湿地农田化过程及其主要驱动因素.研究结果表明:(1)从1954到2005年,三江平原沼泽湿地面积减少了77.03%;与湿地大面积减少相对应,耕地面积增加了2.5倍,2005年耕地面积占整个三江平原面积的55.14%,成为三江平原的主导景观.1954～1976年和1977～1986年为湿地农田化规模最大的2个阶段,沼泽湿地转化为耕地的面积分别为186.40×104 hm2 和120.29×104 hm2.至2005年,三江平原沼泽湿地农田化过程基本结束,大面积成片的湿地仅存在于几个较大的湿地自然保护区内.1954～2005年期间,三江平原沼泽湿地农田化的面积为258.48×104 hm2,为1954年沼泽湿地面积的73.3%.(2)三江平原发生湿地农田化过程的主要自然地理环境背景为:海拔为0～100 m,坡度为0°～1°,地貌类型为河漫滩、河流阶地、沼泽洼地、冲积洪积平原和低台地,土壤类型为草甸土、沼泽土和白浆土.(3)1954～2005年间,三江平原地区年平均气温显著升高,增温速率为 0.029 ℃/a.气候变暖为农业开垦提供了有利的前提条件.区域人口大量增加是湿地开垦为农田的最直接和最主要的驱动因素,1959～2005年间三江平原总人口增加了3.13倍,耕地面积与总人口及农业人口之间均存在显著线性相关关系.国家政策对于三江平原沼泽湿地农田化过程具有重要的影响作用. 相似文献
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《湿地科学》2019,(6)
在三江平原洪河农场中的中国科学院三江平原沼泽湿地生态试验站的实验场内,选择天然沼泽、退耕还湿地和由湿地开垦的农田为采样地,于2016年8月15～16日,采集表层(0～10 cm深度)土壤样品,测定土壤样品中55种元素的含量,并分析其与土壤理化指标的关系。研究结果表明,天然沼泽表层土壤中的V、Li、B、Mg、Al、Zn、In、N、Ti和Fe含量相对最大,其在退耕还湿地表层土壤中的含量次之,其在农田表层土壤中的含量相对最小;退耕还湿地表层土壤中的Cu、Sn、Sc、Rb、Y、Cs、Nb、Se、Tl、Zr、Ho、Tm和K元素含量相对最大,Ni、Mn、Sb、P元素含量相对最小;冗余分析结果显示,表层土壤电导率是影响表层土壤中55种元素含量的主要因子。 相似文献
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三江平原湿地水平衡结构研究 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
以三江平原沼泽湿地生态试验站为研究基地,观测沼泽湿地水平衡的要素,如降雨量、蒸发量、径流量,并与农田相对比,揭示沼泽湿地独特的水平衡结构。研究结果表明,沼泽湿地蒸发量在夏季少雨期高于农田,秋季多雨期低于农田;大面积湿地具有使河川径流年际变化加大和年内分配均化的作用,且沼泽植被能减缓洪水流速,因此可以拦蓄洪水,起到控制洪水的作用;湿地开垦后,导致湿地防洪功能下降,湿地效益减弱。 相似文献
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选取三江平原典型沼泽湿地———毛苔草沼泽,通过人工施加氮肥和磷肥来模拟农田污水排入沼泽湿地后,沼泽植物对污水的净化效果。从植物营养吸收角度进行野外实地污水净化模拟研究,对植物直接吸收利用的营养成分NH 4-N、PO3-4-P进行了测试分析。研究表明毛苔草沼泽对水中的NH 4-N、PO3-4-P的净化随时间的推移呈现明显的指数衰减下降趋势,随着氮、磷含量的增加,沼泽湿地对污水净化逐渐变慢,净化所需时间增长,曲线数值方程模拟效果较好。 相似文献
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沼泽湿地垦殖对土壤碳动态的影响 总被引：20，自引：7，他引：13
在中国科学院三江平原湿地生态试验站选取相邻的、土壤类型相同的小叶章沼泽化草甸以及不同开垦殖年限的已垦湿地农田,综合运用多种微生物指标,全面地评价沼泽湿地垦殖后土壤有机碳的动态。结果表明,沼泽湿地垦殖初期(1~3年),土壤微生物量碳(MBC)、微生物商以及基础呼吸(BR)都迅速降低,而代谢商(qCO2)、PR/BR和PR/MBC比值却不断升高。表明湿地垦殖后,有机碳的可利用性下降,微生物对碳源的利用效率降低,造成土壤有机碳的大量损失。各种微生物指标之间有密切的相关关系,综合这些微生物指标能够全面地、准确地评价沼泽湿地垦殖后土壤有机碳的动态。 相似文献
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人类活动影响下淡水沼泽湿地温室气体排放变化 总被引：25，自引：5，他引：20
利用静态箱/气相色谱法,研究了三江平原淡水沼泽湿地及垦殖农业利用下CO2、CH4、N2O排放变化。不同类型湿地生长季土壤呼吸速率以季节性积水的小叶章草甸最大,湿地垦殖后土壤呼吸速率明显增大。不同类型沼泽湿地CH4排放在时空两个方面都有明显的变化,与土壤水分条件、植物群落类型和生长状况有密切关系。沼泽湿地及垦殖后农田土壤在植物生长季都为N2O的源,常年积水沼泽湿地在植物生长季N2O排放通量值较小,而土壤水分常年处于非饱和的草甸灌丛土壤N2O排放相对较高,垦殖后农田土壤N2O排放通量最大,沼泽湿地土壤N2O排放通量与土壤温度呈正相关关系,而垦殖后农田土壤不显著。 相似文献
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Bue Nielsen Peder Michael Sørensen M.Sc. 《Geografisk tidskrift / udgivet af Bestyrelsen for Det Kongelige danske geografiske selskab》2013,113(1):69-73
Nielsen, Bue and Sørensen, Peder Michael: Changes in regional employment in Denmark in the seventies. Geografisk Tidsskrift 84, 69–73. Copenhagen, January 1984. The paper deals with regional development in employment in Denmark in the 1970's. It uses shift-share analysis to isolate elements and activities responsible for the regional dispersion experienced. In that context the paper discusses the interrelationship between manufacturing industries and public services. 相似文献
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Jung Hoon Han 《The Australian geographer》2017,48(2):255-272
This paper takes a new approach to investigating people who age in place. It provides an explanation for why people age in a place that can be useful in government and corporate planning. Our research investigates the principal factors that drive the decision of a rising number of older Australians to age in place. Many older people wish to age in place rather than move in with their children or be institutionalised. They wish to continue to be active in their local communities and maintain their existing social ties. The concept of ageing in place covers two distinct groups: those who are able to stay in their current dwellings and age in home and those who move house but remain in their local community and age in neighbourhood. Age-friendly home modification is a response to ageing in home, whereas the provision of institutional healthcare and the provision of age-suitable housing to facilitate downsizing are associated with ageing in neighbourhood. Using Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) survey data, this research examines the mobility decisions of older Australians and identifies the major determinants of a decision to age in place. This research argues for a better understanding of ageing in place, differentiating between those ageing in home and those ageing in neighbourhood. 相似文献
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The fractal theory put forward by American mathematician B B Mandelbrot (1967) supplies an effective approach to solve complex
problems. The complex problems in geography have become the main positive study field of fractal theory. Based on the works
of China’s geographers and the summarization of contents of fractal theory, the authors comment on the present situation of
its applications to almost every branch of geography and discuss the related problems and the prospects of fractal study in
geography. 相似文献
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福建九龙江口红树林造林遇到的问题 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4
中国的红树林在过去50年里面积锐减了近70%,恢复和发展红树林迫在眉睫,红树林人工造林是必由之路。福建九龙江口湿地资源丰富,然而在红树林造林上却遇到了一些问题,这些问题阻碍了九龙江口红树林的恢复和发展,应该引起相关部门的关注。 相似文献
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1IntroductionMany natural phenomena such as zigzag coastline, various landforms, turbulent rivers, etc. cannot be described with traditional Euclid geometry, but they are of self-similarities. Fractal geometry takes the complex phenomena as its research objects and has been developed into a specific theory. So it has been praised as natural geometry. What is fractal means "irregular, fractional, fragmental" and its core is self-similarity (Wang and Cao, 1995). To characterize fractals differ… 相似文献
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我国生物地理学研究进展 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
生物地理学研究是生物学和地理学交叉非常明显的部门自然地理学学科,它具有很强的基础研究特点,同时研究成果也具有很大的应用潜力。近年来,我国生物地理学基础研究在国家自然科学基金委等部门的支持下,在山地植被与地理环境、干旱半干旱区植被与地理环境、植物区系、植物物候、土壤动物与土壤生态功能、土壤生物结皮等方面开展了全面而深入的研究。同时拓展了传统生物地理学的研究方向,在植物地理学与全球变化、植物地理学与生物多样性保护、植物地理学与生态系统管理等方面也开展了大量研究。尤为可贵的是干旱半干旱区土壤生物结皮研究、典型温带荒漠区原生荒漠植被对水分改变的响应与适应研究取得了令国内外关注的高水平研究成果。 相似文献
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Hosna J. Shewly 《Singapore journal of tropical geography》2017,38(1):108-122
Drawing on conceptualization of statelessness and ethnographic research on crucial insights of rightessness, this paper investigates how the politico‐geographic‐legality constructs statelessness in the enclaves in India and Bangladesh. Following the decolonization process in 1947, both India and Pakistan/Bangladesh inherited more than 200 enclaves, which comprise 80 per cent of the world's enclaves. With improved bilateral relations, India and Bangladesh officially exchanged the enclaves on 1 August 2015, and the enclave dwellers will gradually be granted citizenship rights over the next few years. In this period of transition from statelessness to statehood, this paper can be read as contemporary history. This paper will draw attention to three aspects of statelessness. First, conceptualization of statelessness not only applies to the refugeehood or de‐territorialization of people but also relates to the process of constructing transterritorial stateless people. Second, this paper will discuss the condition of statelessness constructed in a politico‐geographic‐legal trap. And finally, the paper calls for a wider empirical and critical focus on the hidden geographies of de facto statelessness. 相似文献
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Advances in terrestrial system research in China 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Land surface is of spatial-temporal heterogeneity. Terrestrial system (TS) comprehensively studies on land surface and physical regionalization objectively describes geographical zonation of the system. China has a vast area with apparent spatial variations in resources and environmental conditions, which highly influence on socio-economic development. In this paper, progress of the TS studies in China is overviewed and research priorities in the near future are prospected. Since the 1950s, China has paid great attention to the TS study as its socio-economic development, and conducted research on physical geographical regionalization, eco-geographical regionalization and comprehensive regionalization. Along with the deepening of global change research, dynamics of TS have been highly concerned. During the studies, methodology has been developed from qualitative research of integration of experts’ brainpower gradually to quantitative research based on field observation and experiments of the natural processes, including physical, chemical and biological processes, as well as application of information technology and mathematical simulation. In the near future, TS would combine with the ideology, objectives and key researches of Future Earth program, to focus on the mechanism and regional effects of interaction among land surface elements, the response of TS to global change, the quantitative recognition on regional unit boundary, and the application to TS in sustainable socio-economic development. 相似文献