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1.
Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi convey well documented benefits to plant growth in domesticated species. We investigated AM in Solanum centrale, a desert shrub of central Australia and traditional food for Indigenous Australians. AM were observed in roots of S. centrale from wild and cultivated stands of different ages and management regimes. Greenhouse seedlings grown in sterilised sand were provided with no or minor additions of phosphorus, with or without AM fungi. Inoculated seedlings not fertilised with phosphorus exhibited moderate AM formation. Added phosphorus resulted in an absence of AM. Inoculation did not significantly affect dry weight, root length and plant height of seedlings fertilised with phosphorus but significantly increased the size of unfertilised seedlings. Inoculation significantly increased root phosphorus content, decreased root to shoot ratio and decreased root biomass at all phosphorus additions, despite the absence of observable AM. Thus it appears AM fungi in the root zone influenced certain plant characteristics, regardless of phosphorus nutrition. Overall, S. centrale benefited from the presence of AM through increased phosphorus uptake, but only when the seedlings were growing in soil with extremely low available phosphorus. The response was immediate in our experimental system and is likely to be important in the wild. 相似文献
2.
科尔沁沙地沙质草地与固定沙丘植物群落结构对极端干旱的响应 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
为了探究沙地植物群落结构特征对极端干旱的响应,通过野外模拟试验开展了极端干旱（生长季减雨60%与干旱60 d）对沙质草地和固定沙丘植物群落丰富度、地上生物量和叶性状等群落结构特征影响的研究。结果表明：（1）生境变化对植物群落地上生物量和叶干物质含量（LDMC）具有显著影响（P<0.05）,草地地上生物量和LDMC显著高于固定沙丘,而物种数、植被盖度、高度和比叶面积（SLA）在两种生境间无显著差异（P>0.05）;（2）极端干旱处理显著影响沙地植物群落盖度、地上生物量和LDMC（P<0.05）,减雨60%显著降低了植物群落盖度和地上生物量,而干旱60 d显著降低了植物群落盖度、地上生物量、高度和LDMC;植被特征和叶性状在减雨60%和干旱60 d处理间无显著差异（P>0.05）;（3）减雨60%和干旱60 d显著降低了草地和固定沙丘的植被盖度和地上生物量,而干旱60 d也降低了固定沙丘的植物高度和LDMC（P<0.05）;（4）相关分析表明,沙地植物群落地上生物量与盖度、高度和LDMC显著正相关（P<0.05）。极端干旱事件的发生会极大地改变沙地一年生为主的植物群落组成和功能,而沙地不同生境植被则通过改变植物群落组成、优势种及其关键性状的变化来适应极端干旱。 相似文献
3.
不同气温与土壤湿度条件下籽蒿幼苗的表型可塑性 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
植物表型可塑性是其适应环境的结果。为了探讨构件水平和全株水平表型可塑性的差异,我们选择籽蒿进行了双因素(气温:35 ℃、30 ℃、20 ℃; 土壤水分:对照、轻度、中度、重度胁迫)随机化区组实验以分析不同环境条件下植物的表型可塑性。结果表明,气温对籽蒿株高生长率有显著影响,土壤水分胁迫对籽蒿株高生长率无显著影响; 气温和土壤水分胁迫对籽蒿地上部生物量和根重生长率均无显著影响; 土壤水分胁迫对籽蒿幼苗根冠比有显著影响,而气温对其则无显著影响。这说明气温和土壤水分胁迫对籽蒿幼苗构件表型可塑性和全株表型可塑性的影响是有差异的。进一步分析表明,气温对籽蒿幼苗的叶含水量有显著影响,而对籽蒿幼苗的叶饱和亏无显著影响,这说明气温对籽蒿幼苗株高生长率的影响是通过影响其叶含水量来实现。 相似文献
4.
To address how the ratios of nitrogen and phosphorus (N:P ratios) in soil affect plant growth, we performed a two-factor (soil available N:P ratios and plant density) randomized block pot experiment to examine the relationships between soil N:P ratios, and the N:P ratios and growth rate of Artemisia ordosica seedlings. Under moderate water stress and adequate nutrient status, both soil N:P and plant density influenced the N:P ratios and growth rates of A. ordosica. With the increase of soil N:P ratios, the growth rates of A. ordosica seedlings decreased significantly. With the increase of soil N:P ratios, N:P ratios in A. ordosica seedlings increased significantly. While the nitrogen concentrations in the plant increased slightly, the phosphorus concentrations significantly decreased. With the increase of plant density, the shoot N:P ratios and growth rates significantly decreased, which resulted from soil N:P ratios. Thus, soil N:P ratios influenced the N:P ratios in A. ordosica seedlings, and hence, influenced its growth. Our results suggest that, under adequate nutrient environment, soil N:P ratios can be a limiting factor for plant growth. 相似文献
5.
Highland barley is an important staple food in the Tibet, and the Tibetan Plateau is experiencing obvious climatic warming. However, few studies have examined the warming effects on highland barley growth and biomass allocation under conditions of controlled experimental warming. This limits our ability to predict how highland barley will change as the climate changes in the future. An experiment of field warming at two magnitudes was performed in a highland barley system of the Tibet beginning in late May, 2014. Infrared heaters were used to increase soil temperature. At the end of the warming experiment (September 14, 2014), plant growth parameters (plant height, basal diameter, shoot length and leaf number), biomass accumulation parameters (total biomass, root biomass, stem biomass, leaf biomass and spike biomass), and carbon and nitrogen concentration parameters (carbon concentration, nitrogen concentration, the ratio of carbon to nitrogen concentration in root, stem, leaf and spike) were sampled. The low- and high-level experimental warming significantly increased soil temperature by 1.52 and 1.98 °C, respectively. Average soil moisture was significantly decreased by 0.03 m3 m-3 under the high-level experimental warming, while soil moisture under the low-level experimental warming did not significantly change. The low- and high-level experimental warming did not significantly affect plant growth parameters, biomass accumulation parameters, and carbon and nitrogen concentration parameters. There were also no significant differences of plant growth parameters, biomass accumulation parameters, and carbon and nitrogen concentration parameters between the low- and high-level experimental warming. Our findings suggest that the response of highland barley growth, total and component biomass accumulation, and carbon and nitrogen concentration to warming did not linearly change with warming magnitude in the Tibet. 相似文献
6.
沙漠腹地水是限制植物生长发育的主要因子。而植物改变其根系的生长速度,利用深层土壤水是抗旱的重要机制。试验中采用一次性灌溉的方法探讨防护林主要物种之一甘蒙柽柳(Tamarix austrom ongolica)幼苗在土壤水分逐渐旱化条件下的生长发育状况。分别在五月,七月,九月和十月采用水冲法和壕沟法将幼苗根系全部冲出,并测量各项生长指标。结果显示在逐渐旱化的生境中,柽柳幼苗生长在时间和空间上表现出不同的适应特征。柽柳幼苗垂直根和水平根的最大生长速率出现时间均早于地上株高和冠幅的最大生长速率所出现的时间。垂直根的生长速率分别为:1.178,0.150,0.089和0.133 cm/d;株高的生长速率分别为:0.127,0.107,0.070和0.053 cm/d。说明柽柳幼苗根系在空间上具有生长速度的优势。整个生长季中幼苗地上、地下生物指标的生长速率在垂直方向呈现"逐渐递减"趋势,水平方向则呈现出此消彼长相互交替的生长趋势,同时柽柳幼苗根冠比在不同时期分别为:0.602,0.589,0.636和0.634 cm/d。这些特性是柽柳幼苗适应逐渐旱化生境生长策略选择的综合表现。 相似文献
7.
毛乌素沙地臭柏与油蒿群落细根生物量的季节动态及其空间变化 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
为了探讨沙地生态系统植物根系生物量的季节动态及其空间变化,采用根钻法,从2005年4月至2005年10月对毛乌素沙地天然臭柏、油蒿群落0—90 cm土层中细根（D≤2 mm, D为直径）生物量动态进行了测定,臭柏细根总生物量为13.87~18.22 t·hm-2,细根平均生物量占总根量的60.10%;油蒿的细根总生物量为1.173~1.389 t·hm-2,细根平均生物量占总根量的73.04%。臭柏细根平均生物量为油蒿的12.50倍（P＜0.05）。臭柏、油蒿群落细根生物量动态呈双峰曲线,峰值分别出现在4月、8月和6月、10月。两者的活细根生物量大致呈上升趋势,死根生物量则相反。臭柏、油蒿群落细根生物量的垂直分布随土层加深,生物量明显减少,细根在不同层次上的动态变化与总细根量的季节变化有所不同。臭柏细根生物量从坡顶到坡底分别为16.8067 t·hm-2、16.1656 t·hm-2、10.9834 t·hm-2,呈下降趋势,其细根生物量比率从坡顶、坡中到坡底依次增大;油蒿细根生物量最高值出现在坡顶,坡中与坡底变化不明显,其细根生物量比率随坡位变化并不明显。 相似文献
8.
Domestication of wild plants needs efforts focused particularly on the development of the theoretical basis of plant responses to environmental conditions. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of radiation on seedling growth and physiology of Prosopis alba, P. chilensis, P. flexuosa and P. glandulosa. Seedlings were grown in a greenhouse and randomly assigned to three light environments: full-sun, 52% sun, and 38% sun. No significant differences were found in the rate of leaf appearance and plant height 60 days after the light treatments began. Instantaneous CO2uptake was not affected by the light environment during leaf development and did not differ among species. Variations in radiation availability resulted in significant differences in biomass accumulation, shoot/root ratio, protein and total non-structural carbohydrates contents. The practice of shading seedlings reduces the chances of survival ofProsopis due to an increase of the shoot/root ratio and a reduction of total biomass, stored carbohydrates, and the C:N balance. 相似文献
9.
Can soil nitrate： ammonium ratios influence plant carbon： nitrogen ratios of the early succession plant？ Can plant carbon： nitrogen ratios limit the plant growth in early succession？ To address these two questions, we performed a two-factor （soil nitrate： ammonium ratio and plant density） randomized block design and a uniform-precision rotatable central composite design pot experiments to examine the relationships between soil nitrate： ammonium ratios, the carbon： nitrogen ratios and growth rate of Artemisia sphaerocephala seedlings. Under adequate nutrient status, both soil nitrate： ammonium ratios and plant density influenced the carbon： nitrogen ratios and growth rate of A. sphaerocephala seedlings. Under the lower soil nitrate： ammonium ratios, with the increase of soil nitrate： ammonium ratios, the growth rates of plant height and shoot biomass of A. sphaerocephala seedlings decreased significantly; with the increase of plant carbon： nitrogen ratios, the growth rates of shoot biomass of A. sphaerocephala seedlings decreased significantly. Soil nitrate： ammonium ratios affected the carbon： nitrogen ratios of A. sphaerocephala seedlings by plant nitrogen but not by plant carbon. Thus, soil nitrate： ammonium ratios influenced the carbon： nitrogen ratios of A. sphaerocephala seedlings, and hence influenced its growth rates. Our results suggest that under adequate nutrient environment, soil nitrate： ammonium ratios can be a limiting factor for the growth of the early succession plant. 相似文献
10.
Desert plants take on unique physiologically adaptive mechanisms in response to an adverse environment. In this study, we determined the concentrations of leaf nitrogen(N), phosphorus(P), and calcium(Ca) fraction for dominant species of Artemisia ordosica, A. frigida, Calligonum mongolicum, and Oxytropis aciphylla in the Alxa Desert and discussed seasonal changes of their leaf N:P ratio and Ca fraction. The results showed that, from May to September, the N:P ratios of A. ordosica and C. mongolicum gradually and significantly increased, while those of A. frigida, and O. aciphylla had an increase trend that was not significant; the physiologically active Ca of A. ordosica and A. frigida increased significantly,while that of C. mongolicum and O. aciphylla decreased significantly. The physiologically inert calcium of C. mongolicum increased extremely significantly, while that of others was not significant. There was a significantly positive correlation between the N:P ratio and physiologically active Ca for A. ordosica, and the N:P ratio was significantly and negatively correlated with physiologically active Ca for O. aciphylla. These findings revealed that the physiological regulation mechanism was different for the plants either in earlier stage or later stage of plant-community succession. 相似文献
11.
WANG Fang HE Yongtao FU Gang NIU Ben ZHANG Haorui LI Meng WANG Zhipeng WANG Xiangtao ZHANG Xianzhou 《资源与生态学报(英文版)》2020,11(3):290-297
Enclosure is one of the most widely used management tools for degraded alpine grassland on the northern Tibetan Plateau, but the responses of different types of grassland to enclosure may vary, and research on these responses can provide a scientific basis for improving ecological conservation. This study took one site for each of three grassland types (alpine meadow, alpine steppe and alpine desert) on the northern Tibetan Plateau as examples, and explored the effects of enclosure on plant and soil nutrients by comparing differences in plant community biomass, leaf-soil nutrient content and their stoichiometry between samples from inside and outside the fence. The results showed that enclosure can significantly increase all aboveground biomass in these three grassland types, but it only increased the 10-20 cm underground biomass in the alpine desert. Enclosure also significantly increased the leaf nutrient content of the dominant plants and contents of total nitrogen (N), total potassium (K), and organic carbon (C) in 10-20 cm soil in alpine desert, thus changing the stoichiometry between C, N and P (phosphorus). However, enclosure significantly increased only the N content of dominant plant leaves in alpine steppe, while other nutrients and stoichiometries of both plant leaves and soil did not show significant differences in alpine meadow and alpine steppe. These results suggested that enclosure has differential effects on these three types of alpine grasslands on the northern Tibetan Plateau, and the alpine desert showed the most active ecological conservation in the responses of its soil and plant nutrients. 相似文献
12.
沙蒿是中国西北半干旱地区主要的固沙植物,其根系分布影响包气带水分运移过程,准确的植被特征和根系密度分布对根系吸水模型的建立十分重要。采用整体挖掘法获取不同层位的根系和根际土壤含水量,引入冠级和龄级的概念对沙蒿根系分布特征进行研究。分析结果表明：沙蒿种群以低龄级沙蒿占优,其根系生物量随龄级呈'S’型增长;根系长度分布和均一化根系密度分布均符合对数正态分布,最大值出现在浅层土壤20 cm处;沙蒿生长不依赖于地下水,其根系主要利用包气带中的水分,持续干旱条件下,为满足蒸腾作用根系出现两种调节方式：（1）横向生长增加根系量,利用横向土壤剖面的水分。（2）浅层根区由于水分胁迫造成的吸水量减少由深部相对湿润的根区补偿。因此沙蒿根系吸水模型中的根系密度分布函数应为对数正态分布,且吸水过程不仅依赖于根系密度分布,同时受土壤水分的影响。 相似文献
13.
石漠化地区基岩裸露、砾石堆积,水土流失严重,土壤与植被覆盖率低,因此引发一系列的生态恶化问题,而客土恢复植被是一项快速有效的治理途径。本试验在贵州毕节地区实施,以当地黄壤客土(T1,黄壤与砾石比为1∶1;T2,黄壤与砾石比为2∶1;T3,黄壤与砾石比为3∶1;T4,黄壤与砾石比为1∶0)改良石漠化,从耐瘠薄的灌木——沙棘(Hippophae rhamnoides)为试材,探究其幼苗在客土改良后的石漠化土壤中的适应性,栽种期为2年。结果表明:客土处理对沙棘幼苗的冠幅、粗根的根长密度、粗根根重密度均无显著影响;百分之百客土即T4会显著抑制沙棘株高、根系生物量,显著促进细根比根长的增长;当黄壤与砾石比例1/2—2/3时,2年后沙棘细根的根重密度与土壤含水量均会显著增加;当黄壤与砾石比大于2/3时会显著抑制沙棘根系长度总和的增加,且2年后对土壤水分改善作用不显著;沙棘根系指标与2年后的土壤含水量呈现出显著的相关关系。在贵州毕节地区客土改良石漠化时,并非客土越多越好,当黄壤与砾石的比例在1/2—2/3时,栽种沙棘2年可显著改善土壤含水量。 相似文献
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15.
宁夏盐池沙地3种植物群落土壤表层养分的空间异质性 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用经典统计学和地统计学方法,通过半变异函数及其模型、克里格局部插值估计、空间分布图及分形维数等对宁夏盐池沙地3种植物群落(牛枝子、牛枝子-黑沙蒿、黑沙蒿)土壤表层养分的空间异质性进行了研究。结果表明:0~5 cm土壤有机质、全氮、速效磷含量的空间自相关尺度分别是67 m、519 m、143 m;结构方差比分别为0.558、0.882、0.514,说明结构性因素和随机性因素在0~5 cm土壤有机质和速效磷的空间分布中共同发挥作用。全氮表现出较强空间自相关性,在空间分布上具有明显的结构特征,表明结构性因素在其空间总变异中发挥主导作用。空间格局图反映出0~5 cm土壤有机质、全氮含量表现为牛枝子群落较高,经牛枝子-黑沙蒿群落,含量逐渐减少,至黑沙蒿群落含量又有所增加;0~5 cm土壤速效磷含量表现为牛枝子群落和黑沙蒿群落含量较高而牛枝子-黑沙蒿群落含量较低的趋势。反映出研究区从牛枝子群落经牛枝子-黑沙蒿群落至黑沙蒿群落,植被从以草原种为主的群落,逐渐灌木化,植物群落结构组成由复杂到简单的过程,深刻影响了土壤养分的分布格局,导致了土壤“肥力岛”的形成和发展,又反作用引起研究区植物群落的进一步灌丛化,并逐步向沙漠化的方向发展的趋势。 相似文献
16.
在策勒绿洲-荒漠过渡带流动沙地对种植的梭梭幼苗采取了不同的处理措施（凋落物防护、固沙剂防护、防沙网防护和裸沙地,其中裸沙地作为对照）,研究不同防护措施对梭梭幼苗生长状况及地表100 cm内土壤含水率的影响,对恢复和重建绿洲-荒漠过渡带防护林体系具有重要意义。研究结果表明：（1）初春采用滴灌一次性供水135 L·m-2,可以确保梭梭幼苗当年的生长需求。（2）不同防护措施下梭梭幼苗的株高、冠幅、基径、新枝长度均表现为：凋落物防护 > 固沙剂防护 > 防沙网防护 > 裸沙地,在生长末期凋落物防护下梭梭的株高、冠幅、基径、新枝长度分别达到115.7 cm、131.8 dm2、22.5 mm、73 cm。（3）不同防护措施对土壤含水率的影响比较明显,土壤含水率表现为：凋落物防护 > 固沙剂防护 > 防沙网防护 > 裸沙地,其中凋落物防护、固沙剂防护土壤含水率分别是裸沙地的1.31倍和1.16倍。因此,在极端干旱的绿洲-荒漠交错带,采用凋落物防护和固沙剂防护措施对提高沙地蓄水保墒能力和促进梭梭幼苗生长均有积极作用。 相似文献
17.
塔克拉玛干沙漠南缘头状沙拐枣幼苗生长和生物量分配对不同灌溉量的响应 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
水是荒漠生态系统中首要限制因子。由于水分限制程度不同,植物幼苗在生长过程中表现出不同的适应策略。在塔克拉玛干沙漠南缘的沙漠-绿洲过渡带,设计了0 mm（处理A）、100 mm（处理B）、200 mm（处理C）3种不同的灌溉量,对头状沙拐枣幼苗生长和生物量分配展开实验性研究。结果表明:①处理A比处理B和处理C地下生物量均有所增加;不同灌溉条件下,头状沙拐枣幼苗的根冠比均小于1,随灌溉量的减少头状沙拐枣幼苗的根冠比从0.19增加到0.32;即头状沙拐枣通过改变根系生物量分配适应水分条件变化。②随灌溉量的减少, 头状沙拐枣幼苗主根垂直深度和水平根幅均呈增加趋势。处理A时,头状沙拐枣幼苗根系深度达180 cm以上,处理B和C的根系深度均低于160 cm,表明头状沙拐枣幼苗通过根系的伸长生长来适应水分减少。③在生长过程中,头状沙拐枣通过老同化枝枯落适应土壤水分减少。④株高和冠幅随着灌溉量增加呈先增加后减小趋势,基径随着灌溉量的增加而增加,地上生长指标在不同处理间均无显著差异。 相似文献
18.
为研究植物残体干扰对黄河河口高潮滩盐沼芦苇生长的影响,在黄河河口高潮滩盐沼中分别选择典型的植物残体干扰斑块和未受干扰的自然群落,调查了其中芦苇（Phragmites australis）的形态特征及其种群的密度和生物量,并取样测定了土壤盐度、含水量、容重等土壤物理、化学性质,运用方差分析方法研究了植物残体干扰对芦苇的形态特征及其种群的密度和生物量的影响以及对土壤性质的影响。结果表明,植物残体干扰斑块中芦苇种群的密度、生物量等明显高于未受干扰的自然群落,芦苇的形态特征也明显优于未受干扰的自然群落。这说明植物残体干扰对芦苇生长产生了明显的促进作用。在植物残体干扰斑块中,土壤盐度、容重显著低于自然群落,说明植物残体干扰对黄河河口高潮滩盐沼芦苇的生长起到的促进作用,可能是通过改善土壤环境,缓解物理胁迫而产生的。 相似文献
19.
Y.-H. Wang M. DongF.-H. Yu H. JiangS.-Q. Yu X.-Q. LinW.-M. He 《Journal of Arid Environments》2011,75(10):974-977
The Mu Us Sandland is basically characterized by water shortage and high wind. Thus, wind-induced mechanical perturbation (MP) and soil water availability are likely to interact to affect plant growth. Since high water availability and MP can induce responses that are in the opposite direction, we hypothesized that MP effects on perennial grasses might be mitigated by increased soil water availability in the Mu Us Sandland. We counducted an experiment in which seedlings of Psammochloa villosa were subjected to two levels of MP (non-MP vs. MP 1 min d−1) and two levels of water availability (200 ml d−1vs. 400 ml d−1) and measured three plant traits. MP significantly decreased plant height, total biomass, and root/shoot ratio. There were significant interactions between MP and soil water availability on plant height and root/shoot ratio. These findings imply that MP alone is a stressful factor for P. villosa and MP effects on its growth can be partially mitigated by increased soil water availability, and also suggest that P. villosa may respond to MP in a way that allows plants to survive in the windy semiarid environments. 相似文献
20.
在非淹水、淹水两种水分条件下模拟氮沉降变化(分别相当于氮沉降0g/(m2.a)、1g/(m2.a)、3g/(m2.a)、5g/(m2.a))对三江平原典型湿地植物小叶章生物量及其分配的影响。结果表明,不同水分状况下氮沉降均促进小叶章生物量的积累,且以N5水平下生物量增加最多(p<0.05)。小叶章各器官生物量增长程度对氮沉降的响应并不一致:非淹水条件下根生物量平均增长最大(54.5%),其次是叶(31%)、茎(19.2%);淹水条件下小叶章各部位的生物量增长更为显著,其中根生物量平均增长124.7%,叶、茎生物量分别增长62%和61.1%。氮沉降明显促进了根生物量的积累,提高根生物量的分配比例。生长季的氮沉降对于改变湿地的营养状况、刺激植物生长具有直接的生态意义。 相似文献