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1.
岱海是东亚夏季风边缘地带的闭流型半咸水湖泊,其汇水流域降水量的变化易于引发湖泊水位和水化学变动。选用DH11-1岩芯进行1 mm分辨率XRF元素扫描分析,并对测试结果进行多元数理统计分析,旨在查明这些元素与外源碎屑、自生碳酸盐沉积以及岱海水位、水化学变化的关联。结果显示,Si、Al、Ti、K、Fe、Rb等元素相关性好,并呈现相似的变化趋势,其含量变化与主要河流带入的碎屑物的多寡有关;Ca元素主要反映沉积物中自生碳酸盐即文石和方解石矿物含量的增减。研究发现,在人类活动严重影响之前,岱海在过去~400年期间的环境特征总体可划分为4个阶段,各阶段的水位、水化学特征及水量平衡有所不同,总体受汇水盆地降水量变化的控制。此外,沉积物中Cu、Zn、Cr可能与人类活动影响有关。 相似文献
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重建黄旗海水位、水化学和湖泊生物学变化历史可为研究我国夏季风边缘区冰后期气候变化提供重要环境记录。对该湖中央HQH4岩芯研究结果显示,末次冰期晚期沉积物中湖泊自生有机质烧失量和自生碳酸盐烧失量的平均值分别仅为全新世沉积物的1/13和1/5,造成这种结果的主导因素是夏季气温在全新世初显著升高和黄旗海从此进入稳定的湖泊环境。晚全新世自生碳酸盐烧失量平均值比早、中全新世低14%,其最大值也明显低于早、中全新世,这种情况很可能是因为晚全新世夏季温度略低于早、中全新世所致。自生有机质和碳酸盐烧失量是快速、经济地获取闭流型半咸水湖泊冰后期环境变化的有效代用指标。 相似文献
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哈拉湖岩芯XRF扫描元素统计分析及其环境意义 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
青藏高原东北缘高山湖泊哈拉湖是位于季风与西风影响的交汇带的封闭深水湖泊,是区域环境和气候变化的良好记录载体。目前对该湖的研究还较少,缺乏对沉积物中元素环境意义的系统认识。通过高分辨率XRF岩芯扫描,用相关、聚类和因子分析的方法对哈拉湖沉积岩芯地球化学元素进行分析。结果显示Ti、K、Si、Al、Fe、Mn等元素变化一致,相关性高,归为同一类,即径流输入的陆源碎屑组分,反映了流域水文状况如径流量的变化。Sr、Zr元素相关性高,为赋存在粗颗粒沉积物中的元素,根据哈拉湖实际,应为冬季湖泊冰面风力搬运,反映了湖区冬季风力强度的变化。Ca元素既与径流输入元素总体变化一致,也与Sr、Zr元素显著相关,且在第一和第二主成分(径流和风力)上的载荷相当,表明哈拉湖沉积物中的碳酸盐既有粗颗粒的外源碎屑,也有湖泊自生的组分,这在利用碳酸盐进行地球化学研究时应重视,注意去除外源碎屑碳酸盐的影响。可溶元素S和Cl可能反映了入湖水量与蒸发对比情况,与湖泊盐度有关。 相似文献
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《干旱区地理》2021,44(5):1317-1327
湖泊沉积物中的粒度参数记载了丰富的流域环境变化信息,可为无器测资料地区重建古环境变化序列提供可靠的途径。通过对巴尔喀什湖岩芯沉积物中粒度、磁化率等环境代用指标的分析,结合放射性137Cs定年以及流域气候、湖泊水位等器测记录数据,研究了巴尔喀什湖沉积物中粒度变化特征及其环境指示意义。结果表明:巴尔喀什湖沉积物中黏土质(4μm)组分平均含量为20.32%,细粉砂质(4～16μm)为40.13%,中粉砂质(16～32μm)为22.86%,粗粉砂质(32～64μm)为10.55%,砂质(64μm)为6.13%。通过粒径标准-偏差法提取了沉积物中环境细颗粒敏感组分(F1,6.61～10.00μm)和粗颗粒敏感组分(F2,45.71～69.18μm)。研究表明在人类活动影响不断加强的背景下,粒度敏感组分的含量变化不能敏感的反映湖泊水位、入湖径流乃至区域气候的变化,而与沉积物中磁化率所反映的人类活动强度变化存在较为显著的相关关系(r=0.870,P0.01),这可能与人类活动增强导致的流域内富含磁性物质的细颗粒碎屑物质被搬运入湖有关,湖泊沉积物中磁化率升高的同时,湖泊沉积物中细颗粒物质增加。研究结果可为长时间尺度下古环境重建研究提供重要参考依据,同时也对揭示流域人类活动对湖泊环境的影响具有一定的科学意义。 相似文献
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湖相沉积物酸溶与酸不溶组分常量元素的地球化学行为及其环境意义 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
湖泊沉积物元素地球化学是探讨湖泊沉积环境的有效代用指标之一.通过青藏高原北缘柴达木盆地湖相沉积剖面沉积物中酸溶组分(AS)和酸不溶组分(AI)常量元素(K,Ca,Na,Mg,Ti,Fe,Mn和Al)的测试,分析了不同组分中常量元素的分布特征及其元素含量与矿物组成的关系.结果显示:剖面中常量元素的组成与沉积物矿物成分密切相关,酸溶组分与酸不溶组分中元素含量差别较大,揭示出不同组分对湖泊沉积环境的响应模式存在差异.其中,沉积物酸不溶组分中的Al、Fe等元素与石英矿物相对含量变化呈负相关,而与粘土矿物相对含量呈正相关,揭示出酸不溶组分元素变化与湖泊流域物质组成或风化强度等信息有关.沉积物酸溶组分常量元素含量相对较低,Na和Ca等活泼元素在酸溶组分中相对富集,与碳酸盐含量有较好的相关性,主要形成于湖泊自生作用.通过与常规代用指标沉积物粒度和87Sr/86Sr对比分析,贝壳堤剖面酸溶组分Mg/Ca比值部分继承了源区的信号,不能直接响应于湖泊盐度的变化.利用去趋势方法,去趋势后酸溶组分Mg/Ca比值与中值粒径及锶同位素比值呈现较好的正相关性,响应于传统的盐度模式解释,揭示了Mg/Ca比值指示湖泊环境变化的可靠性,综合分析不同组分的地球化学元素信息在提取和解译沉积物元素地球化学的环境代用指标方面具有重要意义. 相似文献
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湖泊沉积物中无机碳酸盐可能具有多源性,包括源自湖泊流域的陆源碎屑碳酸盐和湖泊自生化学碳酸盐,二者对气候或环境的指示意义迥异,在利用湖泊碳酸盐进行古气候及古环境意义判读时,必须先进行碳酸盐来源的确定。针对前人不同的碳酸盐区分办法,进行了归纳和述评。 相似文献
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对前人提出的湖泊自生碳酸盐氧同位素组成（δ18Oc）多种环境解释模型作了评述,指出了各种模型存在的局限性。提出在利用δ18Oc变化进行气候和环境变化研究时,需注意气温对湖泊δ18Oc的影响机制,湖水不同深度层的水温差异对化学沉积和介壳碳酸盐δ18Oc的影响δ18Oc和湖泊水位、降水δ18Oc、湖水盐度的关系,碎屑和自生碳酸盐矿物的分离,湖泊不同碳酸盐矿物间δ18Oc差值的确定,单矿物同位素组成的测试,不同前处理方法对δ18Oc测定的影响,以及碳酸盐沉积时的不平衡效应等问题。 相似文献
10.
湖泊自生碳酸盐碳同位素组成(δ13Cc)在区域气候与环境变化方面的应用研究近年来进展迅速,成果显著,保存在各类湖泊沉积物柱芯中的δ13Cc记录揭示了湖表水体与大气CO2的交换程度、暖季降水量的多少、流域C3和C4植被变化情况、水生生物光合作用或呼吸作用强弱、湖泊生产力大小、湖泊水体化学特征、湖水不同深度层的有机质变化过程等重要的气候和环境信息;对此进行归纳和述评。 相似文献
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博斯腾湖环境变化及其与焉耆盆地[2]绿洲开发关系研究 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
文章从自然和人类活动两方面分析了自1958年以来博斯腾湖环境变化。认为：近40年来，自然因素对湖水位变化的影响力要大于人为活动对湖水位变化的贡献，绿洲开发引起的入湖水量减少和大量的高矿化度农田排水排入湖区使博斯腾湖迅速演变为微咸湖，控制着博斯腾湖水化学类型的变化和形成。在此基础上，探讨了博斯腾湖环境变化与焉耆盆地绿洲开发和绿洲环境变化相互作用的机理，指出尽管近10几年来绿洲环境的发展是可持续的，但整个焉耆盆地环境持续发展关键在于控制绿洲开发利用规模。适宜的绿洲发展规模，可保证绿洲环境和博斯腾湖环境的可持续发展。 相似文献
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博斯腾湖环境变化及其与焉耆盆地绿洲开发关系研究 总被引：15，自引：2，他引：15
章从自然和人类活动两方面分析了自1958年以来博斯腾湖环境变化。认为：近40年来，自然因素对湖水位变化的影响要大于人为活动对湖水位变化的贡献，绿洲开发引起的入湖水量减少和大量的高矿化度农田排水排入湖区使得博斯腾湖区迅速演变为微咸湖，控制着博斯腾湖水化学类型的变化和形成。在此基础上，探讨了博斯腾湖环境变化与恶焉煮盆地绿洲开发和绿洲环境变化相互作用的机理，指出尽管近10几年来绿洲环境的发展是可持续的，但整个焉耆盆地环境持续发展关键在于控制绿洲开发利用规模。适宜的绿洲发展规模，可保证绿洲环境和博斯腾湖环境的可持续发展。 相似文献
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Sediment geochemistry of Lake Daihai,north-central China: implications for catchment weathering and climate change during the Holocene 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Qianli Sun Sumin Wang Jie Zhou Zhongyuan Chen Ji Shen Xiuping Xie Feng Wu Peng Chen 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2010,43(1):75-87
A 12.87-m-long sediment core was retrieved from closed-basin Lake Daihai in the monsoon–arid transition zone of north-central
China. Oxides of major elements and their ratios normalized to Al in the AMS-14C-dated core were employed to evaluate chemical weathering intensity (CWI) in the lake drainage basin, which reflects hydrothermal
conditions in the study area. Lower CWI periods occurred prior to 14.5 ka BP, and during the intervals ca. 11.7–10.3, 3.5–3.2,
2.6–1.7 ka BP, and 1.2–0 ka BP, indicating relatively low temperatures and moisture availability. Greater CWI during the intervening
periods ca. 14.5–11.7, 10.3–9.0, 3.2–2.6, and 1.7–1.2 ka BP, with the maximum CWI at ca. 6.7–3.5 ka BP, imply ameliorated
hydrothermal conditions in the lake basin, i.e. higher temperatures and precipitation. Exceptionally low CWI, associated with
high CaO/MgO ratio during ca. 9.0–6.7 ka BP, suggests higher evaporation rates in the area under warmer temperature. Overall,
CWI displays in-phase variations with changes in organic matter (TOC, TN), carbonate (CaCO3) and pollen assemblages, all of which are related to variations in monsoon effective precipitation. High CWI indicates strong
monsoon-induced precipitation, whereas low CWI reflects a weak precipitation regime. The optimum hydrothermal status, recorded
by the strongest CWI and maximum monsoon effective precipitation during ca. 6.7–3.5 ka BP defines the Holocene climate optimum
(HCO) in the Lake Daihai region. These results indicate that the HCO prevails after the early Holocene in the monsoon–arid
transition zone of north-central China. Temperature and precipitation variations during most of the Holocene, inferred from
the lake sediments, are due largely to insolation forcing. Dry but warm conditions ca. 9.0–6.7 ka BP, however, probably reflect
the complex interactions between insolation and geography (e.g. altitude and local topography). 相似文献
15.
Jessica L. Gary Steven M. Colman Nigel J. Wattrus C. F. M. Lewis 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2012,47(3):299-311
Glacial Lake Agassiz, the largest of the North American glacial lakes, discharged through several different outlets during
its history, although the timing and location of discharge remain controversial. However, one discharge event is well established
based on extensive onshore observations: drainage through the Nipigon Lake area into the Superior basin about 10,700 years
ago, following retreat of ice of the Marquette advance from the basin. High-resolution, single-channel seismic-reflection
data collected with a small airgun were acquired to test the hypothesis that the Post-Marquette drainage event left diagnostic
stratigraphic and geomorphic signatures beneath Lake Superior. The unique bathymetry of northwestern Lake Superior, where
water depth plunges off Nipigon and Black Bays, makes this location ideal for the characterization of the post-Marquette depositional
and erosional features. According to our hypothesis, the initial, sudden discharge of high-velocity water would have eroded
channels through the bays. The steep and sudden drop-off into the Superior basin would have caused the flow to slow and drop
much of the sediment it was carrying. Our results confirm the existence of both erosional features and depositional sediment
packages related to Lake Agassiz discharge at this time. The erosional features include deeply incised bedrock channels in
the bays. The depositional features comprise subaqueous fans that are thickest in the deep water areas adjacent to the outlets
and thin lakeward and laterally away from the channels. The seismic character of the basal units of the fans, proximal to
the channels, is chaotic and only very weakly stratified, suggesting that these deposits represent coarse sediment laid down
during the initial, high-energy stages of the flood. These sediments are overlain by a stratified package which is interpreted
as the fine grained sediment associated with the later, low-energy stages of the flood. The combination of channels and subaqueous
fans is inferred to be diagnostic of high-energy Lake Agassiz discharge into the Superior basin, and they serve as analogs
for hypothesized discharge at other times. 相似文献
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通过对克鲁伦河流域下游河水与地下水的主要离子水化学与氢氧同位素进行分析，结合区域水文地质资料，利用Durov图、空间插值、统计分析等方法分析了河水与地下水水化学与氢氧同位素特征。结果表明，河水的水化学类型主要为Na-Ca-HCO3型，地下水水化学类型为Na-Cl和Ca-Na-HCO型。克鲁伦河水主要离子浓度与氢氧同位素空间分布特征显著较地下水稳定、空间差异小。流域内地下水与地表水主要来自降水补给，地下水也是克鲁伦河的主要补给源。氘盈余变化揭示出克鲁伦河水的蒸发分馏程度强于地下水，除流域内水体蒸发主要受地质地貌影响外，人类活动对河水的影响显著于周边地下水。G3点所在的西庙为一个完整独立的水文地质单元，其表现出的水化学与氢氧同位素特征均异于其他地下水。流域内部分地下水F-含量超标，虽然一定程度是受人类活动影响，但更多的是基于综合水文地质条件基础上的自然现象，已严重威胁人类生存，应引起当地有关部门的高度重视，避免氟中毒事件重现。 相似文献
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Analysis of a 3.5 m vibracore from the Olson buried forest bed in the southern Lake Michigan basin provides new paleolimnological data for the early Holocene. The core records a rise in lake level from the Chippewa low water phase toward the Nipissing high water phase. Deepening of the water level at the core site is suggested by a trend toward decreasing organic carbon content up core that is interpreted as a response to increasing distance between terrestrial debris sources and the core site.Published data from deep water cores from the southern Lake Michigan basin suggest there had been an inflow of isotopically light water from glacial Lake Agassiz into the southern basin between 10.5-11 ka (A1 event). The data also indicate a second flood of isotopically light water between 8-9 ka (A2 event).Three new 14C dates from the Olson site core suggest that most of the sediment was deposited between 8.45 ka and 8.2 ka, an interval roughly coeval with the second pulse of 18O-depleted water (A2) from Lake Agassiz into the southern basin. Oxygen isotope ratio analysis of shell aragonite from the gastropods Probythinella lacustris and Marstonia deceptashows increasingly negative values up core. This trend in18O values suggests that 18O - depleted water entered the southern basin about 8.4 ka. The Olson site core thus provides a chronology of events in the southern Lake Michigan basin associated with the draining of glacial Lake Agassiz. 相似文献
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A 27-kyr record of environmental change in central Asia inferred from the sediment record of Lake Hovsgol,northwest Mongolia 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Takuma Murakami Nagayoshi Katsuta Koshi Yamamoto Nobuki Takamatsu Masao Takano Takefumi Oda Genki I. Matsumoto Kazuho Horiuchi Takayoshi Kawai 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2010,43(2):369-383
Geochemistry of a sediment core from Lake Hovsgol, northwest Mongolia provides a continuous, 27-kyr history of the response of the lake and the surrounding catchment to climate change. Principle component (PC) analysis of 19 major and trace elements, total inorganic carbon (TIC), and total organic carbon (TOC) in the bulk sediment samples revealed that the 21 chemical components can be grouped into four assemblages—group-1: Na, Mg, Ca, Sr, and TIC, hosted in carbonate minerals (calcite, dolomite, and magnesian calcite); group-2: Ni, Cu, and Zn, recognized as biophilic trace metals, and TOC; group-3: Al, K, Ti, V, Fe, Rb, Cs, Ba, and Pb, composed of rock-forming minerals; and group-4: Cr, Mn, and As, sensitive to the redox condition of the sediment. The four element assemblages originated from three relevant processes. Group-1 and group-2 components are authigenic products and comprise the end member on the PC-1 score, whose variation reflects changes in the water volume, i.e. the balance between precipitation and evaporation (P/E). Group-3 components from detrital materials of the catchment contribute to the PC-2 score, whose variability indicates erosion/weathering intensity in the drainage basin, which might be controlled by the amount of vegetation cover associated with moisture change. The group-4 components of redox-sensitive elements contribute to the PC-3 score and are not an end member because of their small amount. The first two PC scores suggest a sequential record of paleo-moisture evolution in central Asia. The P/E balance in the Lake Hovsgol region, inferred from the PC-1 score, gradually increased during the glacial/interglacial transition. This resembles climate change of the North Atlantic region on the glacial–interglacial scale, but does not reflect the abrupt climate shifts such as the warm Bølling-Allerød and the cold Younger Dryas of the North Atlantic on the millennial scale. A periodic variation of ~8.7 kyr was observed in the PC-2 score profile of detrital input to Lake Hovsgol over the last glacial and Holocene. The decrease in detrital input coincided with the copious supply of moisture from the Asian monsoon regime and the North Atlantic westerly winds to the Baikal drainage basin, which includes Lake Hovsgol. Our geochemical records from Lake Hovsgol demonstrate that the climate system of interior continental Asia was strongly influenced by change on both Milankovitch and sub-Milankovitch scales. 相似文献
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The influence of Asian summer monsoon variability on the water balance of a Tibetan lake 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Carrie Morrill 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2004,32(3):273-286
Past water-balance changes in Tibetan lakes are generally attributed to changes in the strength of the summer monsoon. However, the water balance of a lake reflects many different water fluxes, which are controlled by many climatic and hydrologic processes. In this research, weather data and evaporation models are used to determine the climatic cause of a recent water-balance change in Ahung Co, a lake in central Tibet. Between 1995 and 2001, lake level rose at least 20 cm and the lake began to overflow. Results indicate that an increase in summer monsoon precipitation over the lake and drainage basin is responsible for the rise in lake level. Stronger monsoon conditions between 1995 and 2001 also led to decreased lake evaporation and basin evapotranspiration due to increased clouds and humidity. This contributed to the rise in lake level, but to a much smaller extent than the increase in monsoon precipitation. Lake evaporation during the spring and fall was also reduced between 1995 and 2001 due to longer lasting ice cover. Variations in ice cover play a small role in the overall water balance of Ahung Co, however, because the lake area is small compared to the drainage basin area. If these results hold true for the past, water-balance fluctuations inferred from the geochemistry of sediments from Ahung Co provide a record of variations in monsoon precipitation during the Holocene. 相似文献